汽车底盘用500 MPa级热轧酸洗钢板的开发

通过热轧厂热轧和冷轧厂盐酸酸洗,试制了含钛和不含钛的两种热轧酸洗钢板。采用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜和拉伸试验机研究了两种试制钢板的显微组织和性能。结果表明:两种钢板的显微组织均由铁素体和珠光体组成,其屈服强度达到400 MPa以上,抗拉强度高于500 MPa,断后伸长率大于30%。与不含钛的钢相比,含钛钢的晶粒细小,屈服强度和抗拉强度高,断后伸长率低,屈强比高。     

盐酸酸洗机組及其廢酸连續回收装置

1964年6月,美国Republic钢鉄公司Gadsden厂盐酸酸洗机组及其废酸连续回收装置投产了。此机组采用了奥地利的塔式盐酸酸洗装置和英国的废酸连续回收系统。众所周知,用盐酸酸洗的钢材比用硫酸酸洗的清洁,并且能达到较高的生产率。但是,盐酸的价格昂贵,具有很大的腐蚀性,并且以前回收废酸液也没有完全成功。虽然上述的一些缺点使盐酸酸洗法在工业上的应用受到一定的限制,但它的优点还     

水淬高强钢板酸洗行为与缓蚀剂效果评价

水淬高强钢板的氧化皮极薄且分布不均,酸洗时必须采用适当的酸洗工艺和缓蚀剂以防止过酸洗并减少基材损失。通过正交试验研究温度、盐酸浓度和Fe2+浓度对DP590水淬高强钢板酸洗行为的影响,对国产A和进口B两种缓蚀剂的效果进行了评价。结果表明,温度对酸洗速率的影响最大,缓蚀剂A对基体具有较好的缓蚀效果。     

适用于带钢酸洗的盐酸缓蚀剂

提出了一种以乌洛托品、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基硫酸钠、0P-10乳化剂等为主要成份的盐酸缓蚀剂配方的一种高效复合型缓蚀剂，并研究了缓蚀剂添加量和温度对其缓蚀效果的影响，以及该缓蚀剂对废酸回收的影响.结果表明,该缓蚀剂的缓蚀率可以达到90%以上，控制合适的缓蚀剂添加量对废酸回收不会产生严重影响，适合大型钢板连续酸洗生产线使用.     

三氯化钛在酸液中的试验应用

1酸洗概况 目前钢制保持架仍采用盐酸酸洗,其目的是洗去氧化铁皮、锈及絮毛刺.钢板表面的氧化铁皮,一般是由三层组成,外层是三氧化二铁(Fe2O3),中间层是四氧化三铁(Fe3O4),内层是氧化亚铁和四氧化三铁(FeO+Fe3O4).氧化铁皮有很多微观裂纹和孔隙,特别是内层比较疏松,因此,当钢板表面被酸液浸蚀后,酸液就通过氧化铁皮中的裂缝、孔隙、渗入钢板基体起化学反应.     

铜及铜合金零件无黄烟光亮酸洗工艺研究与应用

介绍了一种不含硝酸或双氧水的铜及铜合金零件光亮酸洗新工艺,该工艺溶液成分简单,工艺稳定,操作安全,成本低廉,溶液维护调整方便,使用寿命长,酸洗性能优于传统的浓硝酸酸洗工艺。     

热轧酸洗低碳薄钢板的研制

采用1 780 mm热连轧机和1 700 mm酸洗机组等设备,试制了一种碳的质量分数为0.030%、厚度1.8 mm的钢板,即热轧酸洗低碳薄钢板。检测了钢板的显微组织、力学性能和成形性能。试验结果表明,该热轧酸洗薄钢板的显微组织由铁素体和珠光体组成,铁素体晶粒度为9级,钢板的抗拉强度大于310 MPa,屈服强度达200 MPa以上,断后伸长率大于42%,塑性应变比r值为0.5~0.6,应变硬化指数n值为0.19~0.21,钢板的成形性能符合要求。     

边部组织状态对低碳热轧酸洗板冲压成形的影响

针对低碳热轧酸洗板边部材料冲压时易出现制耳、开裂现象,对钢板边部显微组织和成形性能进行了研究分析.钢板边部显微组织呈现明显的晶粒粗大及混晶特征.钢板边部的力学性能和中部位置相比,强度略低,成形性能恶化,钢板边部纵向和横向的塑性应变比r值显著低于中部,只有0.31和0.65,各向异性明显.钢板边部的显微组织和力学性能特征是由于边部实际轧制温度低,处于先共析铁素体和奥氏体两相区轧制形成的.低碳热轧酸洗板边部的显微组织和力学性能特征差异是导致材料在冲压时出现较多的制耳和开裂缺陷的原因.通过产品热轧工艺改进、成分调整可以改善热轧酸洗板边部组织和性能状态.     

多用固体酸洗缓蚀剂CMD18的研究

合成了一种多用固体酸洗缓蚀剂ＣＭＤ１８,研究酸液浓度、温度和Ｆｅ＾３＋离子含量、缓蚀剂添加量、酸洗时间等对缓蚀性能的影响,用电化学方法了缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。     

从竹叶中提取酸洗缓蚀剂的研究

用浸泡提取法从竹叶中提取有机缓蚀组分，并将其作为盐酸酸洗缓蚀剂的主要成分.对以竹叶浸泡提取物为主的复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果进行了研究，采用线性极化法评价缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率，运用正交试验法优选缓蚀剂配方，并探讨其缓蚀机理.结果表明，最优配方对碳钢在5%的盐酸溶液中有优良的缓蚀效果，其缓蚀率达95.6%，属于混合型缓蚀剂.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.