花式纱线织物及其发展趋势

介绍了花式纱线织物的组织结构及产品设计,阐述了花式纱在针织、机织和编结产品中的应用,强调了花式纱产品的设计技巧,论述了花式纱市场现状及其发展趋势,提出了花式纱生产中存在的问题。     

花式纱加工装置简介

花式纱在国际纺织品市场上已成为一大热门产品,因为它适应了消费者对纺织品求新、求异、求奇的消费需求,所以其应用范围在不断扩大,广泛应用于服饰及装饰领域.纺纱企业生产花式纱可以提高产品在市场上的竞争力,增加企业经济效益.为了适应和满足企业加工花式纱的需要,近年来,意大利、瑞士、日本、西班牙等国先后推出了多种花式纱加工装置,现简要介绍如下.     

钩编花式纱编织技术探讨

介绍了圈圈纱、带子纱、羽毛纱和斜毛纱等4种钩编花式纱的外观和特点,阐述了该4种花式纱的生产工艺,包括设备参数、垫纱数码、穿纱方式等,并从原料、垫纱角度、纱线张力以及衬纬密度等角度对生产中的技术要点进行分析.     

花式纱针织物花纹变化的研究

为拓展花式纱线在毛衫中的应用,提高毛衫设计水平,文章分析了花式纱线毛衫在设计和生产中存在的问题以及产生这些问题的原因,指出了花式纱线外观效果和其毛衫产品外观效果存在的差异,重点研究了花式纱与其纬平针织物外观效果间的差异.通过分析花式纱纬平针织物的花纹特点,初步探索出了花式纱纬平针织物花纹的变化规律及主要影响因素,该结论对提高毛衫设计水平有重要意义.     

彩色不规则粗节纱的研究

利用花式拈线机及改装的普通细纱机纺制花式纱线是老的纺纱技术,但近年来花式纱线有了很大的发展;特别是由于家用纺织品、装饰织物的大量使用,使花式纱在国际市场甚为风行,例如西德的花式纱产量已达10万吨/年,国内也引进了不少花式纱线机纺制各种不同的花式纱线。 粗节纱是花式纱的一种,是直径明显粗细的纱线,一般由细纱机纺制。在细纱机上     

基于sirofil-spun新型花式纱的纺制及性能分析

基于sirofil-spun新型花式纱的纺纱方法,阐述了新型sirofil-spun的纺纱原理即对sirofil-spun和嵌入式纺纱的结合原理,在QFA1528细纱机上进行改装,开创出sirofil-spun新技术,纺制出新型的花式纱。在保证纺纱工艺参数及纱线中长丝和短纤维含量相同的情况下,分别纺制150 dtex/66.7dtex/66.7 dtex新型sirofil-spun花式纱与普通sirofil-spun花式纱,并对其强伸性能、条干、毛羽指标进行了测试和对比分析,同时利用MDA1300视频显微镜和YG172型纤维切片器进行观察并进行纱线纵、横向结构分析。研究结果表明:纱线的纵、横截面中,三种花色呈螺旋型外观,表面光洁,结构稳定;对于相同线密度的花式纱,新型sirofil-spun花式纱的断裂强度和断裂伸长率高于普通sirofil-spun花式纱,条干和毛羽水平也优于普通sirofil-spun花式纱。     

利用HN5D型空心锭花式捻线机开发花式纱线

文章概述了花式捻线机的加捻成纱原理,对影响花式效应的超喂比、牵伸倍数、捻度、张力等工艺参数进行分析探讨。选择了芯纱、饰纱和固纱原料,设计了纺纱工艺,开发纺制了波纹线、圈圈线、结子线和竹节线,为企业生产花式线提供参考。     

花式纱线

花式(花色)纱线按其结构形态和色彩特征,可分花式纱线和花色纱线两大类。利用不同成纱原理和加工工艺使纱线内部结构和外观形态变化而获得花式效应的纱线,称为花式纱线。如竹节纱、结子纱、圈环纱、波形线、螺旋线、断丝线等。利用不同色彩光泽的纤维或染色方法使纱线色彩变化而获得花色效应的纱线,称为花色纱线。如多色纱、印花纱、闪光纱、金银线等。采用花式捻线设备可纺制既有花式又有花色效应的花式纱线。七十年代以来,花式线产品在世界广泛流行。不仅用于手编毛衣、羊毛衫,还大量用于     

嵌入式复合纺纱技术在花式纱领域的应用

探讨嵌入式纺纱技术在花式纱开发领域的应用。将嵌入式纺纱技术应用于花式纱品种开发领域。通过产品构思、模型设计并进行实际纺纱试验,开发出芯鞘结构纱、记忆花式纱、低扭矩纱、段彩纱等多种花式纱品种。认为,将嵌入纺基本原理与多种纺纱方法相结合,通过结构变形,改变长丝、短纤粗纱的材质以及在纱线中存在的形式,引入色彩元素等方法,可以使纱线呈现特殊的结构和外观效果并赋予其全新的功能与风格,开发出形式多样的新型花式纱品种,更好地满足市场需求。     

Fashionator--新的空心锭花式捻线机

为了适应市场挑战，Saurer-Allma公司开发出新型花式捻线机－－Fashionator。该机能满足市场对花式纱花型变化的需求，快速及准确地调整花式纱效果，保证花式纱质量及花式效应的重现性。     

花式纱生产的新概念

介绍了Schlafllorst公司开发的Fancynation花式装置在Autocoro 360转杯纺纱机上的应用。模块化设计的花式装置可适应小批量订货的需求。     

花式线纺制过程中数据自动输入系统应用

描述了赐来福公司开发的数据自动输入系统Fancynation.Fancynation可以自动地把花型库的数据传送至新型的Autocoro花色纺纱机上.采用这种传输方法,旧型号的Autocoro花色纺纱机中的花型库可以很快地与新型的Autocoro 360和Autocoro XXL花色纺纱机相连接.     

THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING ANALYSIS COMMITTEE: RECOMMENDED MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS

The Microbiology Sub-Committee of the Analysis Committee has recommended procedures for gram staining, establishing the level of total and bacterial contamination, for carrying out the lysine plating technique, for swabbing plant, for examining sugar syrups and wort syrups, for the examination of drinking glasses, for evaluating the sterility of beer containers and for performing the membrane filtration technique.     

Relationships between reproductive traits of heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan

The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between reproductive traits in heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan. Insemination and lactation records for cows calved between 1990 and 2003 in Hokkaido region were obtained. Age at first service, age at conception, and conception rate for first service were calculated for heifers. Days from calving to first service, days open, and conception rate for first service were calculated for first- and second-parity cows. The yield traits used were 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields. A threshold animal model was applied for the conception rate for first service, and a linear animal model was applied for the other traits. Single-trait and 2-trait genetic analyses were performed by the Bayesian method using Gibbs sampling. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.027 to 0.051 for conception rate for first service, and from 0.074 to 0.128 for the other reproductive traits. If the relationships of other traits were not considered, days from calving to first service was favorable to genetic selection for reproductive traits because of relatively high heritability and because it can be available earlier than the days open. Genetic correlations among reproductive traits were high, especially in cows. The genetic correlations between reproductive traits for heifers and those for cows were lower than the genetic correlations between reproductive traits for first parity and those of second parity, suggesting that reproductive traits for heifers should be evaluated separately from reproductive traits for cows. Genetic correlations between yield and reproductive traits in cows were antagonistic. In contrast, genetic correlations between reproductive traits for heifers and yield traits were slightly desirable. Depending on the reporting rate of insemination records for heifers and the results of investigations for relationships with productive maturity, selection by reproductive traits for heifers will enable the improvement of reproductive performance without a loss in genetic progress for yield traits.     

不同海洋生物源肝素的理化性质及抗凝血活性

为研究和开发海洋生物源肝素,本实验采用酶解醇沉法从9?种海洋生物中提取出粗肝素,采用紫外光谱法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法和高效液相色谱法对其理化性质和结构特性进行分析,并通过体外凝血实验分析其抗凝血活性。结果表明：9?种肝素粗品的肝素含量从高到低依次为凡纳滨对虾（Penaeus vannaei）虾头339.92?μg/mg、海蚌（Mactra antiquata）239.15?μg/mg、泥蚶（Tegillarca granosa）234.85?μg/mg、蛏子（Sinonovacula constricta）218.29?μg/mg、文蛤（Meretrix meretrix L.）214.78?μg/mg、钝缀锦蛤（Tapes dorsatus）212.194?μg/mg、海湾扇贝（Argopecten irradias）68.52?μg/mg、象拔蚌（Panopea abrupta）61.48?μg/mg、菲律宾蛤蜊（Ruditapes philippinarum）24.29?μg/mg,其均为吡喃糖,且都含有肝素的主要单糖：氨基葡萄糖、艾杜糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸。体外凝血实验结果表明,9?种粗肝素效价从高到低依次为海蚌67.1?U/mg、凡纳滨对虾虾头59.3?U/mg、文蛤44.0?U/mg、钝缀锦蛤39.2?U/mg、蛏子35.0?U/mg、泥蚶29.6?U/mg、象拔蚌27.2?U/mg、海湾扇贝27.1?U/mg、菲律宾蛤蜊24.1?U/mg,它们具有不同强度的抗凝血活性,且发挥抗凝血作用的途径不同。实验结果可为海洋源肝素的开发提供参考。     

Assessment of dietary exposure to annatto (E160b), nitrites (E249-250), sulphites (E220-228) and tartaric acid (E334) in the French population: the second French total diet study

The results of the assessment of the dietary exposure to annatto, nitrites, tartaric acid and sulphites within the framework of the second French total diet study (TDS) are reported. These 4 additives were selected from the Bemrah et al. study [Bemrah N, Leblanc JC, Volatier JL. 2008. Assessment of dietary exposure in the French population to 13 selected food colours, preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, emulsifiers and sweeteners. Food Addit Contam B. 1(1):2–14] on 13 food additives which identified a possible health risk for annatto, sulphites and nitrites and a lack of data for tartaric acid. Among the composite samples selected for the whole TDS, 524 were analysed for additives (a sample was analysed for a given additive when it was identified as a major contributor for this additive only): 130 for tartaric acid, 135 for nitrites, 59 for annatto and 200 for sulphites. Estimated concentrations (minimum lower bound to maximum upper bound) vary nationally from 0 to 9?mg/kg for annatto, 0 to 420?mg/kg for tartaric acid, 0 to 108?mg/kg for sulphites and 0 to 3.4?mg/kg for nitrites. Based on the analytical results, the dietary exposure was calculated for adults and children, separately, using lower bound and upper bound assumptions. The European ADIs for these 4 additives were not exceeded except for the dietary exposure for sulphites among 2.9% of the adult population, where the major contributors were alcoholic drinks and especially wine under both hypotheses (lower and upper bound).     

Advanced technical textile products

This article is situated to be successive to “Fibre materials for advanced technical textiles” in the series of “Advanced technical textiles” of Textile Progress. In the previous article, fiber materials used for advanced technical textiles are introduced. In this article, advanced technical textiles products are described according to the application fields of the fiber materials. Although this article does not cover all the end-uses, it contains major parts of advanced technical textile products, which include products for resources and environmental issues, for automobiles, for medical uses, for protective uses, for information technologies, for civil engineering and for electronics textiles.     

大黑粉盗与赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗对磷化氢的耐受力比较研究

潜在危害的储粮害虫大黑粉盗Cynaeus angustus研究缺乏,掌握其磷化氢耐受力有助于科学治理。采用快速击倒和FAO推荐方法测定了磷化氢对大黑粉盗的KT50值和毒力方程,并与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum和锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus进行了比较,测定了100、200、300、400、500 mL/m3磷化氢模拟熏蒸中3种害虫卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫不同时间的死亡率。磷化氢对大黑粉盗、赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的KT50值分别为7、127和3 736 min,相应毒力方程斜率值b为3.67、8.28和9.94,相应LC50值为0.008、1.34和5.88 mg/L。害虫不同虫态在100~500 mL/m3浓度下的半数致死时间LT50值于大黑粉盗卵为4~2 h、幼虫4~1 h、蛹4~1 h、成虫3~1 h,于赤拟谷盗为卵12~5 d、幼虫11~5 d、蛹13~7 d、成虫10~4 d,于锈赤扁谷盗为卵28~13 d、幼虫为18～9 d,蛹26～11 d,成虫17~9 d。相应的完全致死时间（LT100）于大黑粉盗卵为21~6 h、幼虫8~3 h、蛹9~6 h、成虫5~3 h,于赤拟谷盗卵为21~18 d、幼虫21~15 d、蛹27~18 d、成虫21~12 d,于锈赤扁谷盗卵为54~30 d、幼虫42~30 d、蛹48~30 d、成虫36~25 d。所测大黑粉盗为磷化氢敏感品系,其各虫态对磷化氢的耐受力为卵>蛹>幼虫>成虫,其耐受力远小于赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗磷化氢抗性品系。     

烤烟烘烤54度稳温时间对烟叶品质及效益的影响

通过对不同部位最佳采收成熟度烟叶54 ℃稳温时间的研究,分析了不同稳温处理与烟叶品质和可用性的关系。结果表明,变黄期采用“低温慢变黄”处理,上部叶54 ℃稳温16 h、中部叶稳温24 h、下部叶稳温8 h或16 h其致香前体物质含量较其他处理高;上部叶稳温16 h、中部叶稳温8 h或24 h、下部采收烟叶稳温16 h能获得较好的外观质量;下部适熟叶稳温16 h或24 h处理、中部采收烟叶稳温8 h处理、上部成熟烟叶稳温16 h处理物理特性较好;下部叶稳温8 h或16 h、中部叶稳温8 h、上部叶稳温16 h或24 h处理,香气质较细腻,吃味醇和,刺激性和劲头较小,余味较好。综合各处理烟叶品质,并结合经济性状分析表明,变黄期采用“低温慢变黄”处理,下部适熟烟叶54 ℃稳温16 h、中部成熟烟叶稳温8 h、上部成熟烟叶稳温16 h的处理,初烤烟叶能获得较好的综合品质和经济效益。     

Determination of diuretics and laxatives as adulterants in herbal formulations for weight loss

A new method is described for the determination of the most common diuretic and laxative adulterants found in formulations of anorexics and antidepressants. The method is based on the separation of furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone and amiloride (diuretics), phenolphthalein (laxative), amfepramone (anorexic) and fluoxetine and paroxetine (antidepressants) by capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. The method showed a precision ranging from 1.9% to 6.9% for a concentration of 25 mg/L, 0.6% to 5.3% for a concentration of 50 mg/L and 1.6% to 6.0% for a concentration of 100 mg/L for all analytes. The accuracy was 99% for amiloride, 102% for chlorthalidone, 101% for hydrochlorothiazide, 101% for furosemide, 94% for phenolphthalein, 105% for fluoxetine, 114% for paroxetine and 117% for amfepramone. The method allowed the drugs to be determined in the formulations at concentrations higher than 5.1 mg/kg for amiloride, 7.7 mg/kg for chlorthalidone, 6.8 mg/kg for hydrochlorothiazide, 10.7 mg/kg for furosemide, 8.4 mg/kg for phenolphthalein, 11.0 mg/kg for fluoxetine, 9.4 mg/kg for paroxetine and 11.0 mg/kg for amfepramone. Three of the 26 analysed herbal formulations were found to be adulterated (not declared on the label) with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide. Five other samples contained diuretics declared on the label on the formulation. Thus, a total of eight samples, which were marketed as natural products, contained diuretics (declared or not) on the formulation.