XML文档相似性的仿真研究

XML文档相似性的计算是XML文档分类中的一个难题。文中描述了一种基于结构的方法，通过序列化模式挖掘方法，挖掘出两个文档之间的最大相似路径，从而可以通过计算最大相似的路径的节点数目和所有路径的节点数目的比值，得到两个文档之间的相似度。文章提出了一种新的最小化XML文档的方法，并且综合考虑了文档节点的语义相似度和结构相似度，从而进一步地提高了计算文档相似度的精度。实验表明，该方法有着良好的应用前景。     

基于语义和结构的XML文档相似度的计算方法

个性化信息服务通过了解用户的兴趣爱好,为不同的用户提供不同的信息服务。XML是一种标示语言,是Web文档表示和交换的常用相关标准,因此XML文档之间相似度计算问题对于个性化推荐与信息检索非常重要,为此提出了一个计算XML文档之间的语义和结构相似度的方法XMLSim。首先,基于节点标记对之间的语义相似度和编辑距离计算节点标记对之间的相似度;在分析了路径上节点具有的偏序关系之后,将路径之间相似度问题抽象为最大相似子序列(MSS,Maximal Similar Subsequence)问题,并利用动态规划对MSS问题求解得到路径相似度NpathSim。最后,XML文档之间的相似度XMLSim通过路径集合之间的最大NPathSim的平均值得到。     

Semantic and structural similarities between XML Schemas for integration of ubiquitous healthcare data

Currently, a lot of recent electronic health records are based on XML documents. In order to integrate these heterogeneous XML medical documents efficiently, studies on finding structure and semantic similarity between XML Schemas have been exploited. The main problem is how to harvest the most appropriate relatedness to combine two schemas as a global XML Schema for reusing and referring purposes. In this paper, we propose the novel resemblance measure that concurrently considers both structural and semantic information of two specific healthcare XML Schemas. Specifically, we introduce new metrics to compute the datatype and cardinality constraint similarities, which improve the quality of the semantic assessment. On the basis of the similarity between each element pair, we put forward an algorithm to calculate the similarity between XML Schema trees. Experimental results lead to the conclusion that our methodology provides better similarity values than the others with regard to the accuracy of semantic and structure similarities.     

A methodology for clustering XML documents by structure

The processing and management of XML data are popular research issues. However, operations based on the structure of XML data have not received strong attention. These operations involve, among others, the grouping of structurally similar XML documents. Such grouping results from the application of clustering methods with distances that estimate the similarity between tree structures. This paper presents a framework for clustering XML documents by structure. Modeling the XML documents as rooted ordered labeled trees, we study the usage of structural distance metrics in hierarchical clustering algorithms to detect groups of structurally similar XML documents. We suggest the usage of structural summaries for trees to improve the performance of the distance calculation and at the same time to maintain or even improve its quality. Our approach is tested using a prototype testbed.     

XML文档的相似测度和结构索引研究

提出了一个可用于定量度量XML文档间差异的方法(称为XED距离)。利用结点间的模拟关系，一个XML文档可以表示为一棵精简的、带权重的结构索引树，两个XML文档间的相似度可以通过计算它们的索引树间的编辑距离来测定，利用索引树可以大大提高判定两个XML文档结构相似度的效率，XED距离测度可用于XML文档的结构搜索、XML文档聚类、XML文档结构抽取、XML文档的变换检测以及XML视图的增量计算和维护等。     

一种基于XML文档聚类的XML近似查询算法

提出了一种基于XML文档聚类的XML近似查询算法。给出了基于语义的XML文档间距离的计算方法,结合该语义距离,提出了基于网格的八邻域聚类算法对XML数据库进行聚类划分,进而利用在聚类过程中得到的聚类中心对静态有序选择算法的近似查询评估阶段进行优化,使得不用对XML数据库进行完全遍历就能及时返回满足用户需要的查询结果。最后,在汽车外形智能化设计的实验中表明该算法有效地提高了静态有序选择算法的查询效率。     

Support for seamless data exchanges between web services through information mapping analysis using kernel methods

A challenging issue to web services interoperability is seamless data exchanges between web services to be composed. A solution to this problem is to establish semantic mappings from an information item to another. To do that, we present an approximate information mapping analysis. We propose a kernel-based structural similarity measure for XML documents. Simulation results with industrial XML data show that the proposed kernel-based measure outperforms other existing methods.     

基于相似性分析的软件构件聚类研究

设计了一种对基于XML描述的软件构件进行聚类的算法（即基于模拟退火的构件聚类算法）,该算法通过模拟金属退火基本原理对构件库中的软件构件聚类进行全局优化.构件聚类时,根据一般意义的树间编辑距离,提出一种用于判断基于XML描述的构件间是否相似的度量测度（称为XML编辑距离）.利用XML编辑距离,可将构件间相似性度量的时间复杂度限制在多项式级,且能保持构件的XML描述文档的节点语义信息和节点间的祖孙嵌套关系.最后,在构件库测试模型上进行实验,结果证实了基于模拟退火的构件聚类算法在构件查询实践中的可行性和有效性.     

基于XML的检索结果聚类方法

针对XML文档的半结构化特点,提出一种建模XML检索结果片段的新思路,设计综合内容和结构语义信息度量相应文档相似性的方法,给出一种适应检索结果聚类应用需求的动态均值软聚类算法。实验表明,面向XML的检索结果聚类方法聚类效果优于传统方法。     

Learning element similarity matrix for semi-structured document analysis

Capturing latent structural and semantic properties in semi-structured documents (e.g., XML documents) is crucial for improving the performance of related document analysis tasks. Structured Link Vector Mode (SLVM) is a representation recently proposed for modeling semi-structured documents. It uses an element similarity matrix to capture the latent relationships between XML elements—the constructing components of an XML document. In this paper, instead of applying heuristics to define the element similarity matrix, we propose to compute the matrix using the machine learning approach. In addition, we incorporate term semantics into SLVM using latent semantic indexing to enhance the model accuracy, with the element similarity learnability property preserved. For performance evaluation, we applied the similarity learning to k-nearest neighbors search and similarity-based clustering, and tested the performance using two different XML document collections. The SLVM obtained via learning was found to outperform significantly the conventional Vector Space Model and the edit-distance-based methods. Also, the similarity matrix, obtained as a by-product, can provide higher-level knowledge on the semantic relationships between the XML elements.

基于XML的检索结果聚类方法

针对XML文档的半结构化特点,提出一种建模XML检索结果片段的新思路,设计综合内容和结构语义信息度量相应文档相似性的方法,给出一种适应检索结果聚类应用需求的动态均值软聚类算法。实验表明,面向XML的检索结果聚类方法聚类效果优于传统方法。     

基于张量的XML相似度计算方法

扩展标记语言(XML) 带有一定的结构和语义信息, 与普通文本相比, XML具有描述精确、表现形式丰富等特点, 但同时也使得传统的自然语言处理和数据挖掘等技术不能直接应用. 根据XML内容和结构并非独立, 内容影响结构, 结构作用于内容, 提出一种基于张量的XML特征降维及综合相似度计算方法. 针对XML文档, 使用张量表示并采用基于最大互信息的方法对其进行降维, 采用将XML结构和内容相融合的综合相似度度量方法确定结构和内容的内在联系及共同作用方式, 提高XML综合相似度计算性能. 实验及结果分析验证了所提出方法的有效性.

     

XML结构聚类

针对当前XML文档结构聚类算法的一些不足,提出采用段匹配的概念来计算两棵XML文档树中的路径相似性,并在此基础上得出两棵树整体的相似度量。在整个聚类过程中,算法还把一组相关文档与一个XML聚类代表相关联,该聚类代表就包含了一个文档集合中所有文档的最相关的特征。为了构建聚类代表,算法通过构造最佳匹配树,合并树,修剪树三步来实现。通过比较聚类代表,发现新的聚类时更新聚类代表来完成文档聚类。实验结果就充分展现了算法的有效性。     

On the use of hierarchical information in sequential mining-based XML document similarity computation

Measuring the structural similarity among XML documents is the task of finding their semantic correspondence and is fundamental to many web-based applications. While there exist several methods to address the problem, the data mining approach seems to be a novel, interesting and promising one. It explores the idea of extracting paths from XML documents, encoding them as sequences and finding the maximal frequent sequences using the sequential pattern mining algorithms. In view of the deficiencies encountered by ignoring the hierarchical information in encoding the paths for mining, a new sequential pattern mining scheme for XML document similarity computation is proposed in this paper. It makes use of a preorder tree representation (PTR) to encode the XML trees paths so that both the semantics of the elements and the hierarchical structure of the document can be taken into account when computing the structural similarity among documents. In addition, it proposes a postprocessing step to reuse the mined patterns to estimate the similarity of unmatched elements so that another metric to qualify the similarity between XML documents can be introduced. Encouraging experimental results were obtained and reported.     

基于BFS树的XML文档图结构相似性计算

可扩展链接语言将XML文档从树状结构扩展到图状结构,其结构相似性比较对文档查询、聚类意义重大.现存的比较XML树状结构相似性以及比较图结构相似性的方法忽视了文档结构特点,比较的结果与实际存在较大差异.基于BFS树的XML文档图结构相似性计算方法运用广度优先搜索算法找到最小代码树,重新定义了编辑距离的概念.比较结果表明,该方法更符合实际文档相似程度,因此在比较XML文档图结构相似性上有很大的可行性.     

XML数据相似度研究

XML数据的大量出现为信息检索、数据挖掘、智能信息处理提供了机遇和挑战,而相似度计算是XML文档检索、挖掘和深层次智能处理的基础,对相似度计算进行研究具有非常重要的意义。在对XML数据特征进行深入分析的基础上,提出了一种递归相似度计算方法,实验结果表明该方法具有较好的效果。     

Measuring the structural similarity among XML documents and DTDs

Measuring the structural similarity between an XML document and a DTD has many relevant applications that range from document classification and approximate structural queries on XML documents to selective dissemination of XML documents and document protection. The problem is harder than measuring structural similarity among documents, because a DTD can be considered as a generator of documents. Thus, the problem is to evaluate the similarity between a document and a set of documents. An effective structural similarity measure should face different requirements that range from considering the presence and absence of required elements, as well as the structure and level of the missing and extra elements to vocabulary discrepancies due to the use of synonymous or syntactically similar tags. In the paper, starting from these requirements, we provide a definition of the measure and present an algorithm for matching a document against a DTD to obtain their structural similarity. Finally, experimental results to assess the effectiveness of the approach are presented.     

有向标记根树之间的语义编辑距离

有向标记根树之间的编辑距离(TED)被广泛应用在文档的结构化相似度计算上。文中提出有向标记根树之间的语义编辑距离(TSED)的概念,并给出计算公式。组合TED和TSED形成距离测度,并应用在XML文档的结构聚类上。实验表明该距离模型在结构化聚类的准确率和召回率上明显优于单纯利用TED算法的聚类结果。该算法在时间复杂性上也等同于利用动态规划计算TED的最好算法。     

Statistical semantics for enhancing document clustering

Document clustering algorithms usually use vector space model (VSM) as their underlying model for document representation. VSM assumes that terms are independent and accordingly ignores any semantic relations between them. This results in mapping documents to a space where the proximity between document vectors does not reflect their true semantic similarity. This paper proposes new models for document representation that capture semantic similarity between documents based on measures of correlations between their terms. The paper uses the proposed models to enhance the effectiveness of different algorithms for document clustering. The proposed representation models define a corpus-specific semantic similarity by estimating measures of term–term correlations from the documents to be clustered. The corpus of documents accordingly defines a context in which semantic similarity is calculated. Experiments have been conducted on thirteen benchmark data sets to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed models and compare them to VSM and other well-known models for capturing semantic similarity.     

一种基于改进粒子群优化的XML结构聚类方法

在对XML文档进行数据挖掘时,很多结构语义信息没有被充分考虑进来.为了更好地进行大规模文档集的挖掘,本文首先给出一个新的基于语义和支持度的XML结构模型对每个文档建模.然后根据该模型,提出基于改进粒子群优化的结构聚类方法.实验中,为了增加算法的实用性,将粒子群优化的思想与传统的K均值算法相结合,其优点是能够跳出局部极值.实验结果表明提出的方法在聚类准确性和收敛程度方面都优于传统基于划分的聚类算法.