基于变参数环板等效叶片组的叶盘模型耦合振动分析方法

转子系统常见于旋转机械装置中,在航空、电力、化工等工业和民用的诸多行业中发挥着重要作用.转子系统一般由轴和多级叶轮组成,存在强度、疲劳、振动和噪声等一系列问题,亟待通过优化设计等手段提高产品的各项性能.由于每级叶轮都含有由多条叶片构成的叶片组,因此在应用有限元等方法分析时,即便利用了回转周期的性质,转子系统的整体自由度数目依然庞大,优化设计的计算效率有待提高.为了提高转子系统分析的效率,可将根据气动性能要求设计的单级叶盘视为状态已经确定的子系统,在具备足够计算精度的前提下对其有限元模型进行缩聚或简化,以降低整体系统的自由度.文章介绍叶片组模型的等效建模方法,以固有振动特性相近为等效准则,将有限元模型中周向环绕的叶片组等效为变参数圆柱型正交各向异性环形板,并通过理论推导和计算得到了环板模型的几何与材料等物理参数.以航空发动机低压涡轮叶盘模型为例,实现了叶片组的模型等效过程.结果表明,等效方法可在保证精度的前提下大大降低模型的自由度数目,为后续整体转子系统的优化设计提供了高效的叶盘建模方法.     

齿轮齿根应力和轮齿变形的三维整轮仿真

使用高性能并行计算机和ANSYS有限元软件,通过精确产生齿根过渡曲线和齿轮三维实体模型,建立可靠的高精度的有限元网格模型和计算模型.使用三维20节点等参单元计算,仿真一个真实齿轮整体模型的三维齿根应力和轮齿变形.二维模型和三维等效模型的仿真计算误差和可靠性对比表明,该方法可为计算齿根应力和轮齿变形提供参考.     

锥齿轮齿根应力有限元模型和分析

从齿轮加工原理出发,利用渐开线和齿根过渡曲线方程生成轮齿的精确齿形,建立2种等效直齿锥齿轮三维轮齿几何模型,研究渐开线直齿锥齿轮的精确建模方法.分别使用h-单元和p-单元分析计算直齿锥齿轮齿根应力,建立直齿锥齿轮三维轮齿齿根应力有限元计算模型和计算基准.计算结果与ISO国标公式比较,证明模型的正确性、精确性和可靠性.     

三维实体单元与壳单元之间位移协调性研究

在实际中经常会遇到三维连续体和薄壁板壳组成的结构,为模拟其真实力学特性,对其进行有限元分析时需将其分别离散为三维实体单元与板壳单元。即使这两种单元在交接处有共用节点,板单元与实体单元之间的连接由于本身自由度的不同使转动自由度不连续,导致计算结果与实际偏差很大。对实体单元和壳单元交界面节点进行坐标转换,确定适当的独立参数,得到交界面上节点自由度和独立参数之间的转换关系。利用ANSYS软件,使用过渡元法实现实体单元与板壳单元的组合建模。     

具有细观结构新材料跨尺度分析的细观元法

建议一种适用于具有细观结构新材料宏细观间跨尺度分析的细观元方法.细观元法在结构的常规有限元内部设置密集细观单元以反映材料细观构造,又通过协调条件将各细观元结点自由度转换为同一常规有限元自由度,再上机计算.此方法可实现材料细观结构到构件宏观响应的直接过渡分析,而计算单元与自由度又等同一般常规有限元,为解决具有细观结构新材料与构件跨尺度分析提供一种新的有力工具.研究了直接从制备时给定的材料组分分布及网状细观结构图形出发计算功能梯度板件宏观响应,给出了不同边界条件功能梯度板件的力学量三维分布形态以及细观结构局部突变引起宏观等应力线图的畸变.     

有限元法在人脸三维建模及表情动画中的应用研究

将机械工程中的有限元方法用于人脸的三维建模,利用人脸上提取的99个特征点和一些辅助点,用光滑的样条曲线模拟人脸表情肌分布位置连结成线,由线生成三角面片和四角面片组合的有限元建立的人脸几何模型.给该模型定义合适的单元类型、实常数等参数,定义能与人脸皮肤等效的材料属性,并在眼睛、嘴等动作敏感位置加一定量载荷求解,模拟人脸表情动作.从求解的应力图中可以看出,该几何模型变形均与人脸表情动作时皮肤弹性变形一致.该方法可以快速、准确的进行三维人脸参数化建模,可方便提取特征点进行人脸识别.这种建模方法为人脸三维建模提供了一种新的思路和可靠的理论依据,同时降低了后期人脸识别的难度.     

三维实体转子系统热-结构耦合响应分析

以某型航空发动机高压转子系统为研究对象,基于不均匀分布稳态温度场,建立了某高压转子系统三维实体单元有限元模型以及稳态温度场下转子系统热-结构耦合振动方程,利用热-结构-动力学耦合理论,采用间接耦合法,通过稳态温度场分析和静力分析生成热应力,然后进行预应力模态分析,最后利用模态叠加法进行不平衡量和热弯曲耦合响应分析,实现热-结构-动力学耦合计算.通过稳态温度场对典型级盘稳态响应影响的分析以及不平衡量与热弯曲耦合稳态响应分析,发现耦合响应对转子系统各级盘的振动响应有较大影响.     

多夹心层蜂窝板动力学特性分析与仿真

蜂窝夹层板广泛的应用在航空航天领域，蜂窝夹层板的动力学特性分析是一重要的课题。由于蜂窝板是一种结构型材料，无法直接给定其物理参数，因此该文首先研究了蜂窝板的三明治等效模型，应用该等效模型对蜂窝板夹芯进等效计算，得到了等效物理参数。利用这些参数建立了多夹心层蜂窝板的有限元模型，完成了不同算例在不同边界条件下的振动仿真，得到了各阶模态频率和振型的可视化仿真结果。将仿真结果与解析解对比说明，等效模型是合理的，且能很方便地处理多夹心层蜂窝板，可进一步推广至其他多夹心层蜂窝板结构的分析当中。     

悬臂式蜂窝夹层板的非线性动力学建模及分析

蜂窝夹层结构因其良好的力学特性,在众多工程领域具有非常广泛的应用.本文建立了悬臂边界条件下,蜂窝夹层板的动力学模型并研究其非线性动力学行为.选取文献中更加接近实体有限元解的等效弹性参数公式对蜂窝芯层进行等效简化,得到六角形蜂窝芯的等效弹性参数.基于Reddy高阶剪切变形理论,应用Hamilton原理建立悬臂式蜂窝夹层板在受到面内激励和横向激励联合作用下的偏微分运动方程.然后利用Galerkin方法得到两自由度非自治常微分形式运动方程.在此基础上,通过对悬臂式蜂窝夹层板进行数值模拟分析系统的非线性动力学.结果表明面内激励和横向激励对系统的动力学特性有着重要影响,在不同激励作用下系统会出现周期运动、概周期运动以及混沌运动等复杂的非线性动力学响应.     

可计算的复杂桥梁特征建模技术研究*

由于缺乏有效的计算机图形学技术和三维几何建模支持,当前可计算桥梁三维几何建模面临着很大的困境。通过以下四方面的研究,建立了复杂桥梁的可计算三维特征几何模型：a）通过布尔运算,实现了任意桥梁构件基本截面的定义;b）建立了适合桥梁建模特点的曲线拉伸、渐变和构件放样等基本的三维建模方法;c）通过单元划分和节点编号策略,实现了复杂桥梁三维几何模型的构件间约束的定义;d）通过特征依赖树结合桥梁几何模型,建立了桥梁三维特征模型,并在原型系统BridgeDesign中进行了系统实现。本研究表明,根据复杂桥梁建模的专业     

Finite element modal analysis of an HDD considering the flexibility of spinning disk–spindle, head–suspension–actuator and supporting structure

This paper presents a finite element method to analyze the free vibration of a flexible HDD (hard disk drive) composed of the spinning disk–spindle system with fluid dynamic bearings (FDBs), the head–suspension–actuator with pivot bearings, and the base plate with complicated geometry. Finite element equations of each component of an HDD are consistently derived with the satisfaction of the geometric compatibility in the internal boundary between each component. The spinning disk, hub and FDBs are modeled by annular sector elements, beam elements and stiffness and damping elements, respectively. It develops a 2-D quadrilateral 4-node shell element with rotational degrees of freedom to model the thin suspension efficiently as well as to satisfy the geometric compatibility between the 3-D tetrahedral element and the 2-D shell element. Base plate, arm, E-block and fantail are modeled by tetrahedral elements. Pivot bearing of an actuator and air bearing between spinning disk and head are modeled by stiffness elements. The restarted Arnoldi iteration method is applied to solve the large asymmetric eigenvalue problem to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the finite element model. Experimental modal testing shows that the proposed method well predicts the vibration characteristics of an HDD. This research also shows that even the vibration motion of the spinning disk corresponding to half-speed whirl and the pure disk mode are transferred to a head–suspension–actuator and base plate through the air bearing and the pivot bearing consecutively. The proposed method can be effectively extended to investigate the forced vibration of an HDD and to design a robust HDD against shock.     

Dynamic Manipulation Inspired by the Handling of a Pizza Peel

This paper discusses dynamic manipulation inspired by the handling mechanism of a pizza chef. The chef handles a tool called “pizza peel,” where a plate is attached at the tip of a bar, and he remotely manipulates a pizza on the plate. We found that he aggressively utilizes only two degrees of freedom (DOFs) from the remote handling location during manipulation: translation along the bar and rotation about the bar. From the viewpoint of a dynamic system, the inertial loads for these specific DOFs are never affected by the length of the bar. This is important for the production of quick plate motions so that the object on the plate can be dynamically and remotely manipulated. Applying this handling mechanism to a robot system, we first reveal how to make the object's motion for three DOFs by using two DOFs of plate motion. We then show that it is guaranteed to achieve an arbitrary desired set of position and orientation of the object by the proposed manipulation scheme. The proposed method has good manipulability because the translational motion of the object can be fully decoupled from the rotational motion (though not vice versa). Finally, we show a couple of experiments that confirm the basic idea.      

VHF single-crystal silicon elliptic bulk-mode capacitive disk resonators-part I: design and modeling

This work, the first of two parts, presents the design and modeling of VHF single-crystal silicon (SCS) capacitive disk resonators operating in their elliptical bulk resonant mode. The disk resonators are modeled as circular thin-plates with free edge. A comprehensive derivation of the mode shapes and resonant frequencies of the in-plane vibrations of the disk structures is described using the two-dimensional (2-D) elastic theory. An equivalent mechanical model is extracted from the elliptic bulk-mode shape to predict the dynamic behavior of the disk resonators. Based on the mechanical model, the electromechanical coupling and equivalent electrical circuit parameters of the disk resonators are derived. Several considerations regarding the operation, performance, and temperature coefficient of frequency of these devices are further discussed. This model is verified in part II of this paper, which describes the implementation and characterization of the SCS capacitive disk resonators.     

Methodologies for designing video servers

This paper proposes an approach for integrating CPU/disk/network scheduling and memory management for supporting a variety of VCR operations and dynamic service changes efficiently. Under this approach we can optimize individual resources, and support a maximal number of clients on a given system. We present a framework of service modeling to characterize the requested video services and identify the scheduling parameters for supporting these services. A number of techniques and methodologies are developed for analyzing the behaviors of disk accesses, network operations, and CPU activities under the loads of both single and multiple clients. We also describe an admission control strategy that utilizes information about all the system resources to determine if a set of video services is acceptable     

AC transfer function of electrostatic capacitive sensors based on the 1-D equivalent model: application to silicon microphones

Parallel plate electrostatic transducers can be described with the one-dimensional (1-D) lumped model. The one-dimensional approximation based on the elastic, the damping and the inertial force is extended with the electrostatic force (due to the electrical biasing) to model the behavior of electrostatic actuators. In case of sensors, the effect of the external excitation has to be also included. The final equation describing the dynamic behavior of the sensor can only be solved numerically avoiding a compact solution. In this paper the perturbation method applied to solve the equations describing parallel plate capacitive sensors is presented. A compact expression is obtained and applied to model silicon microphones. For the sake of comparison, the silicon microphone is also modeled with the well-known analog equivalent electric circuit, which is extended to take into account the resistor used to bias the microphone. It is shown in which conditions both modeling techniques give equivalent results. However, in front of the traditional equivalent electric circuit, the model based on mass, spring constant and damping coefficient allows taking into account the pull-in instability. Assessment of the modeling method is carried out by experimental measurements on a silicon microphone and previous experimental results reported in the literature. A very good agreement between theory and measurements is obtained.     

Axisymmetric dynamic stability of a bimodulus thick circular plate

The object of the present paper is to investigate the dynamic stability of bimodulus thick circular and annular plates subjected to a combination of a pure dynamic bending and a uniform dynamic extensional stress in the plane of the plate. The Mindlin plate finite element model is established to solve the dynamic stability problems of an axisymmetric circular plate. A ring type element is chosen to approach the axisymmetric problem. The obtained results of the dynamic stability region are shown to be very good when compared with the closed form solutions for ordinary plates. The influences of various parameters on the dynamic stability boundary are studied.     

Spectral analysis of the transient characteristics of a bladed disk during run-up

A numerical method based on the principle of cyclic symmetry and modal superposition method using finite elements is presented for the transient analysis of rotating practical bladed disk systems. Some fundamental studies concerning the response of a typical bladed disk during run-up loaded by partial admission are discussed.