国外橡胶软管的几种硫化方法

以国外几篇专利文献为基础，着重叙述橡胶软管的几种硫化方法，即包尼龙树脂硫化法、包树脂套管硫化法和包覆形状记忆合金硫化法。采用这几种硫化方法制造橡胶软管，不存在像包铅硫化那样的环境污染问题，且具有设备投资少、生产灵活性大等优点，有一定的参考借鉴价值。     

橡胶软管的包塑硫化工艺

介绍了橡胶软管包塑硫化工艺的特点、选材、工艺流程以及工艺控制。包塑硫化工艺设备投资少、能耗低、操作强度小；产品整体均匀性好，致密性好；包塑材料韧性好，自润滑性优良，剥塑简单，无需专用设备；无污染问题。还通过与包铅硫化工艺的对比，分析了包塑硫化工艺的市场前景和开发价值。     

铂硫化的硅橡胶软管

铂硫化的硅橡胶软管英国《欧洲橡胶杂志》９９３年１７５卷１１期６页报道：Ａｌｔｉｒｎｅｘ公司现在推出一种医药工业用的铂硫化硅橡胶软管。Ａｌｔｉｍｅｘ公司说，这种软管的加工非常困难，但是越来越多的医疗设备生产厂规定必须采用这种硫化方法。原因之一是压缩泵装...     

TPV外观单侧波形软管研制成功

最近，山东安泰橡胶有限责任公司成功研制出TPV（热塑性硫化胶）外观单侧波形软管。该软管在熔融状态下，将热固性像胶和热塑性弹性体共混进行硫化或固化，通过动态硫化过程制得。产品形态独特，具有热固性橡胶的性能，与通过机械混合的产品相比，性能更加优良。该软管的径向界面设计为磨角长方形，外观设计为单侧波形，具有表面美观大方，耐屈挠性和耐磨性好，使用寿命长的特点。该胶料可回收再利用，通过重新设计配比降低成本。研究表明，该软管具有优异的物理机械性能和工艺性能，生产工艺具有操作简单、效率高、成本低等优点。TPV外…     

橡胶软管制造工艺综述

胶管的生产、制造,目前虽然还多数沿用传统的生产设备和工艺方法,但近20年来胶管的工艺和装备有了很大的发展和提高,向机械化、连续化生产和自动化方向迈进,高速精密钢丝缠绕机旋转式钢丝/纱线编织机、包树脂机、尼龙水布带缠解机、自动厚度/直径测量/控制装置、连续硫化装置等相继投入使用,极大地提高了胶管的生产速度、精度和质量,综述了橡胶软管制造工艺方面的技术及进展。     

胶管产品发展动向

简介胶管原材料、结构和加工工艺等方面的发展动向及胶管应用新领域.随着使用性能及环保要求的不断提高,氯醚橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶、氢化丁腈橡胶、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、硅橡胶和氟橡胶等特种橡胶越来越多地应用于胶管中,无亚硝胺硫化体系、芳纶纤维和扁钢丝也开始应用.胶管生产新工艺主要有同强度纤维增强工艺、无芯型汽车胶管生产工艺、共挤出工艺和树脂包覆硫化工艺.胶管新产品主要有柴油机涡轮增压器胶管、选择性催化降低排放系统胶管、车体灵活控制装置胶管、耐新型制冷剂空调系统胶管、氢气发生器胶管和海洋波浪发电用软管泵软管.     

国外补强橡胶软管硫化工艺概述

简要概述了国外补强橡胶软管的硫化工艺及其存在的问题。     

国外橡胶软管硫化的几种新工艺

众所周知，硫化是橡胶制品生产的最后一道工艺过程。硫化的作用是使橡胶分子进行交联反应，由原来的线型结构转变成网状结构，使性能获得明显改进，由塑性体转变为具有实际使用价值的弹性体。而在橡胶软管生产中，硫化是使橡胶与补强层之间具有较高的粘合强度，使之成为一个整体的重要工艺，也是确保产品质量的重要环节。     

汽车用胶管的技术进展

介绍汽车用胶管的技术进展。汽车用胶管是品种多、使用材料广的复合结构橡胶制品，胶层主体材料主要为NBR、CR、EPDM、氢化丁腈橡胶、氯醚橡胶、氯化聚乙烯橡胶、卤化丁基橡胶、氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶、氟橡胶和硅橡胶等，增强材料主要为聚酯、锦纶和芳纶等。橡塑和全塑燃油软管的应用已较广泛。空调胶管多设置聚酰胺防渗层。125℃级散热器胶管胶料采用EPDM／硫黄硫化体系配合，150℃级散热器胶管胶料采用EPDM／过氧化物硫化体系配合。我国散热器胶管（主要为125℃级产品）已多用针织法生产。制动胶管最好采用用过氧化物硫化、少用或不用软化剂的EPDM内层胶。为适应无铅化要求，胶管胶料要采用无铅配合剂和用包塑硫化工艺替代包铅硫化工艺。     

新型硫化剂强力锌在丁基橡胶中的应用

该文介绍了一种新型多功能硫化荆强力锌，它可实现对IIR、CIIR、BIIR、CR、EPDM、IR、NR等橡胶的有效硫化。重点研究了“强力锌＋树脂硫化体系”用于IIR橡胶，及其硫化特性、物理性能、加工工艺要求等。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。