Cyanex膦类萃取剂在有色金属冶金中的研究和应用

评述了Cyanex系列膦类萃取剂自问世以来在重金属、稀有金属和贵金属中的研究、应用及进展,同时展望了该类萃取剂在有色金属分离提纯中的应用前景.     

湿法冶金中的溶剂萃取

根据萃取剂的适用性,萃取化学和设备,简要地评述了溶剂取萃在湿法冶金中的现状。讨论了铜、锌湿法冶金中溶剂萃取的近况和钴镍分离的最新进展。强调了在贵金属精制时采用溶剂萃取。提出了湿法冶金中溶剂萃取远景的某些设想。     

从贵金属溶液中连续萃取金,钯,铂

本文介绍了用N503、N530、P218萃取剂连续萃取分离贵金属溶液中Au、Pd、Pt的研究结果,提出了改进萃取流程的方法。     

离子液体在贵金属回收中的研究进展

贵金属作为一类不可再生资源,在工业和军工方面有着重要用途,但贵金属资源在全球分配和供求上存在严重不均衡,凸显了其资源化回收再利用的重要性。离子液体是一种新型绿色溶剂,拥有许多优良特性,如无毒、低挥发性、可设计性强等,具有替代传统有机溶剂和萃取剂的潜力,在萃取分离各个领域得到广泛关注,成为研究的热点。综述了近年离子液体在几种常见贵金属离子萃取分离方面的研究进展,并对离子液体用于贵金属萃取分离过程的研究方向进行了展望。     

贵金属提取分离技术新进展

对近几年来贵金属提取分离技术的最新研究成果：无氨提取钯铂新工艺、分子识别技术在贵金属分离中的应用、萃取体系有机相和水相凝聚态结构的研究等作了归纳、分析。展望了开发应用新技术的前景，提出了今后的研究重点     

用含LIX63的混合萃取剂萃取Pd2+的动力学研究

Pd是一种值得纯化和回收的贵金属,而寻找能够定量地、选择性地和快速萃取以及反萃取容易的萃取剂实际上很困难.5,8-二乙基-7羟基-6-十二烷肟(LIX63,α-羟肟)是Pd的有效萃取剂,但萃取速率很慢.将Pd的另一种萃取剂Aliquat336与LIX63联合使用可使萃取速率大大提高.     

石油亚砜萃取分离稀有金属的研究进展

系统地介绍了石油亚砜萃取分离贵金属、稀土,钨和钼、锆和铪等稀有金属的研究进展,认为石油亚砜是稀有金属分离工艺中一种很有前途的工业萃取剂。     

《湿法冶金》2002年总目次

第 2 1卷第 1期Cyanex有机膦类萃取剂在贵金属溶剂萃取中的研究和应用尹敬群 ,田　君 ,欧阳克氙 ,等 (1)…………铜的浸出萃取电积工艺及萃取剂王红鹰 ,郑　伟 (5 )……………………………………………………国内氯化稀土产品的生产、应用及市场林河成 (10 )…………………………………………………………有机磷一元酸四面体钴配合物加合醇反应中的取代基效应郑隆鳌 ,谢征祥 ,李汉华 (4 )…………………赤泥的絮凝沉降元炯亮 ,郝存江 (8)…………………………………………………………………………金驹山金矿石的生物浸出试验王金祥 ,程东…     

钴镍的溶剂萃取分离工艺研究综述

介绍了含磷类萃取剂、Cyanex272和胺类萃取剂在不同溶液体系中钴镍分离的应用,并分析了协同萃取体系在钴镍分离中的应用,指出协同萃取体系是今后钴镍分离的发展方向。     

高级脂肪胺类萃取剂在稀有金属溶剂萃取中的应用

高级脂肪胺类萃取剂在冶金工业中具有广泛用途,重点介绍了几类常用高级脂肪胺类萃取剂及其在稀有金属溶剂萃取过程中的应用。     

Development course of separating rare earths with acid phosphorus extractants: A critical review

This paper reviews the development course of separating rare earths with acid phosphorus extractants,including extraction chemistry(thermodynamics and kinetics), separation process and industrial application, the loss/degradation of extractants, etc.     

钒资源现状及有机磷类萃取剂萃钒的研究进展

介绍了全球的钒资源的主要分布、储量情况及其市场供需与应用状况。从中心结构、有效基团与空间效应、离子交换协同萃取三个方面综述了机磷(膦)类萃取剂的萃钒机理及其近年来萃钒的新型磷(膦)类萃取剂的研发与应用进展,指出了新型磷(膦)类型萃取剂的研发、新工艺的应用以及协同萃取是目前磷(膦)类萃取剂萃钒的主要研究方向。分析了酸性磷(膦)类萃取剂萃钒、中性磷类萃取剂萃钒和其他新型磷(膦)类萃取剂萃钒的不同萃取体系的萃钒机制。分析认为有机相的损失,萃取和反萃钒的步骤,萃取和分离时间较长,出现乳化现象等是当前萃取钒体系普遍存在的难点。因此需要不断开发新型高效萃取剂,发展清洁绿色萃取技术,在原萃取剂的基础上利用协同效应,探索新的萃取剂组合方式,更好地推进中国钒工业的发展。      

A review on solvent extraction of scandium

This review article on the development course of scandium solvent extraction covers: (i) neutral phosphorus extractants; (ii) acid phosphorus extractants; (iii) carboxylic acid extractants; (iv) amine extractants; (v) chelating extractants; (vi) synergistic extractants. Those extractants are of valuable reference for developing new separation process of scandium from red mud, titanium dioride and other rare earth resources.     

工业用铜萃取剂研制的新进展

文章介绍了目前用于湿法冶铜中的主要萃取剂及其萃取机制,同时介绍了国内外新研制的铜萃取剂,并结合我国湿法冶铜发展的实际情况指出了铜萃取剂的研究方向。     

铜的浸出萃取电积工艺及萃取剂

介绍了铜的浸出－萃取－电积工艺（L－SX－EW工艺）及其在国内的应用与发展状况，也介绍了铜萃取剂在国内外的研发状况。     

Diamine and Diammonium Extractants

The application of di-tertiary amines and di-quaternary ammonium salts as extractants for metal ion separation is discussed. The versatility of the di-tertiary amines is illustrated. In these cases, two extraction mechanisms are postulated to coincide with the low and high pH conditions employed in the aqueous phases. The advantages in applying these two mechanisms for the selective extraction of metals from, and stripping to aqueous media are outlined. The potential advantages of these reagents over monoamines are discussed. Other features unique to diamine/diammonium extractants, e.g., differences in “acid effects” associated with these extractants, their differing tendencies towards third phase formation, etc., will be illustrated with extraction isotherms.     

A Review on the Separation of Niobium and Tantalum by Solvent Extraction

Niobium and tantalum are found together in natural minerals. Leaching with concentrated acid solution or alkaline roasting followed by water/dilute acid leaching results in a solution containing these two metals. In this work, we reviewed the extraction and separation of Nb(V) and Ta(V) from leach liquors in the absence and presence of hydrofluoric acid by acidic, neutral extractants and amines. Several solvent extraction systems were compared in the light of the requirement of hazardous chemicals, extraction/separation efficiency, and stability/solubility of extractants. Since the cationic species of Nb(V) and Ta(V) are unstable in the aqueous solution, the application of acidic extractants for extraction and separation of these metals is limited. Amines can extract Nb(V) as well as Ta(V) irrespective of the presence of fluoride ion but the separation of these metals from the loaded amines should be carried out in stripping process, resulting in process complexity. Another disadvantage encountered for amine is related to high viscosity in extraction process. Neutral extractants are considered as promising extractants which are effective to separate Ta(V) and Nb(V) from either non-fluoride or to moderate fluoride ion concentration in terms of extraction, separation and stripping efficiency. Compared to the traditional methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK) based system, methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) is found to be a promising extractant to separate Nb(V) and Ta(V).     

Separation of Rare Earths by Solvent Extraction

Abstract

Solvent extraction technology for the separation of rare earths is a recent one. This is mainly due to the low separation factors between the adjacent rare earths for any type of extractants that have been investigated so far. In spite of this inherent weakness arising due to the gradual small changes in basicity in the series of rare earths few extractants have been used on commercial scale for the separation of high purity rare earths. In this paper the mechanisms involved in the extraction of rare earths using different types of extractants like tributylphosphate, di (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid and quaternary ammonium salts have been discussed. The development of suitable mathematical models of the extraction behaviour of rare earths, particularly for the liquid cation exchangers, and their suitability for the development of the processes for the separation of rare earths is highlighted. Various process parameters that have been optimised using the computer programs developed by incorporating the mathematical models have been used in the purification of rare earths. The flow sheets designed for the separation of various rare earths are also given.     

Application of ultrasound in extractive metallurgy: Sonochemical extraction of nickel

The importance of ultrasound in solvent extraction was examined by studying solvent extraction of nickel with Lix 65N and Lix 70 extractants. The studied parameters were ultrasonic energy and frequency, pH, temperature, and organic and aqueous solution composition. The stability of extractants under the influence of ultrasound was also examined. It was found that ultrasound had a significant importance, because it increased the extraction rates four- to sevenfold. The effect of ultrasound was physical,i.e., to increase the surface area. Ultrasonic energy consumption was also evaluated. The consumption was high, but it can be significantly reduced by the appropriate method of application. A novel solvent extraction method, extraction-in-pipe, was also proposed.     

几种锗萃取剂的合成原理及萃取性能的比较

介绍了几种典型的锗萃取剂Lix63,Kelex100以及7815的合成原理及萃取性能,分析、比较了萃取回收锗的工艺条件,提出了加快新型锗萃取剂合成研究的建议。