气浮-混凝沉淀工艺处理含重金属含油废水

采用"预处理气浮除油+混凝沉淀深度处理重金属"组合工艺处理某企业超声清洗工序产生废水,该废水具有酸性强、含油量高,并含有金属铜离子的水质特征。当进水COD、BOD_5、石油类、总铜平均浓度分别为450 mg/L、135 mg/L、100 mg/L、25 mg/L时,该工艺对COD、BOD_5、石油类、总铜的去除率分别达到86.7%、92.6%、97%、98%,出水水质满足《城市污水再生利用·城市杂用水水质》(GB/T18920-2002)标准后厂区内回用。     

生物法处理冷轧高浓度含铬废水的中试研究

概述了微生物法应用于冷轧高浓度含铬废水处理的中试装置和工艺流程.选用彩涂和硅钢高浓度含铬废水作为废水来源,试验了微生物对不同含铬废水中Cr6 、T-Cr以及COD的去除效果.中试结果表明,生物法除铬工艺可适用于上述两种含铬废水的处理,二者出水中Cr6 的平均浓度分别为0.02 mg/L和0.04 mg/L,T-Cr平均浓度分别为0.71 mg/L和0.74 mg/L,满足废水排放标准(Cr6 ＜0.5 mg/L,T-Cr＜1.5 mg/L).同时,对于含较高浓度COD(＞3 g/L)的含铬废水,该工艺可去除60%以上的COD;对于含较低浓度COD(＜3 g/L)的含铬废水,COD去除率低于25%,投加絮凝剂是提高该废水COD去除率的有效途径之一.     

铜矿矿山废水的物化净化处理研究

针对某铜矿矿山酸性废水与选矿废水的所形成的混合废水的pH值较低,COD及重金属离子浓度较高的特点,研究利用Fenton氧化-电石乳中和-絮凝联合工艺处理酸碱混合废水的效果,试验表明:联合工艺对废水中的COD和重金属有着较高的去除率,当双氧水、电石乳及PAM投加量分别为340mg/L、12g/L以及2mg/L时,废水经处理后,COD<100mg/L,重金属Zn2+、Cu2+无检出,总铁<0.1mg/L、总锰<0.1mg/L,出水达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准。     

吗啉废水的生化处理工艺

以含有吗啉、甲基吗啉的高浓度有机废水为研究对象,提出了曝气吹脱-吸附-生物处理的联合工艺,并在室内进行了小试实验.结果表明:原废水经过2次曝气吹脱后,ρ(NH3-N)从62 500 mg/L降为431 mg/L,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为26 051 mg/L.通过吸附实验,ρ(COD)从26 051 mg/L降为2 769 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)从412 mg/L降为134 mg/L.在生物处理室内小试实验中,采用了活性污泥反应器与曝气生物滤池相结合的处理工艺.在活性污泥反应系统中,当废水pH为7.5、ρ(DO)为4.3 mg/L、水力停留时间为30 h时,COD的去除率最高,可以达到83.1%.在曝气生物滤池中,当ρ(DO)为3.3 mg/L时,COD去除率最高,达到55.8%.在生物处理的最佳参数条件下进行连续监测,当进水ρ(COD)为2 769mg/L、出水ρ(COD)平均值为387 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到85.9%.吗啉废水经过此联合工艺的处理,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为387 mg/L.     

涂铁污泥吸附处理中低浓度氨氮废水

未经处理或处理不完全的含氮污染物的任意排放给环境造成极大的危害,而采用传统方法处理中低浓度氨氮废水效率不高.文中以某污水处理厂的剩余活性污泥为基质,其表面经一定浓度的氯化铁溶液改性2 h后用作吸附剂处理中低浓度氨氮废水.实验结果表明:室温时经0.15 mol/L的氯化铁溶液改性的涂铁污泥用量5 g/L,pH值为9,反应40 min即可达到氨氮去除率95%以上,且该吸附反应符合拟二级速率方程.将此工艺条件用于处理氨氮浓度为102.68 mg/L、COD为362 mg/L的实际工业废水,处理后滤液中氨氮浓度9.2 mg/L、COD 83 mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)》一级标准(NH4+浓度<15 mg/L和COD<100 mg/L).     

含氨氮有机物重金属离子废水试验与设计，

通过对兰州金川科技园含高氨氮、有机物、重金属离子废水现场试验,确定了该类型工业废水处理工艺流程。采用两段吹脱NH3-N3两级重金属絮凝沉淀回收金属Co^2＋、Ni^2＋;缺氧、好氧组合生化、生物滤池、沸石过滤器处理工艺。处理后出水COD、NO3-N浓度分别小于100mg／L,15mg/L;重金属Co^2＋、Ni^2＋离子浓度均小于1mg／L。     

尾矿库氰渣淋溶废水深度处理工艺研究

针对黄金矿山尾矿库氰渣淋溶的低质量浓度含氰废水,采用OOT/OCT—BAF联合工艺进行处理。其试验结果表明,在进水总氰化合物为64.45 mg/L、硫氰酸盐为22.74 mg/L、COD为76.58 mg/L、铜为72.48 mg/L的条件下,当臭氧投加量为250 mg/L、臭氧投加量分流比为2∶1、BAF的废水停留时间为20 min、气水比为3∶1时,出水总氰化合物为0.02 mg/L、硫氰酸盐完全去除、COD为5.43 mg/L、铜为0.32 mg/L、氨氮为0.79 mg/L,出水达到《GB 3838—2002地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质。     

高盐贵金属冶炼废水深度处理

为了确保废水稳定达标排放,通过技术改造,在原有冶炼废水处理设施上,采用TN-CMF技术对含铜、砷等金属和高浓度氯离子、硫酸根离子贵金属冶炼废水进行深度处理。生产实践表明:采用TN-CMF技术处理后,废水中重金属铜、砷去除明显,出水中铜浓度为0.21~0.32mg/L,平均为0.27mg/L;砷浓度为0.11~0.28mg/L,平均为0.21mg/L;p H为7.6~8.4;铅、锌、镉、镍等较低浓度污染物处理后浓度均小于0.05mg/L;出水中重金属残余浓度稳定达到《铜、钴、镍工业污染物排放标准》(GB25467-2010)的限值;废水渣渣量小,成分简单,进行有价金属回收利用的价值高;工艺废水中铜和微量的金、银等稀贵金属得到有效捕收。     

移动床生物膜变形工艺原位处理水产养殖废水的研究

通过改造的移动床生物膜工艺(MBBR),结合微孔增氧技术,对某鱼塘废水进行了原住净化处理研究.采用这种组合工艺净化此类废水,COD、NH<,3>-N浓度可以分别降到20.0、0.6 mg/L左右;溶解氧浓度可以达到6.1 mg/L左右.试验证明,该原位处理装置处理此类废水是高效且经济可行的.     

降低焦化废水F-浓度实践

为了降低外排焦化废水中F-浓度，进行了单钙法(Ca(OH)₂)和双钙法(CaO+CaCl₂)氟化物治理工艺标定，得出双钙法氟化物治理工艺可将废水中F-浓度降至20 mg/L以下。双钙法生产实践表明，通过依次投加浓度为0.03 g/L的CaO溶液、0.1 g/L的CaCl₂溶液、0.4 g/L的PAC、0.01 g/L的PAM^-，经过34～84 min的反应后，可将焦化废水F-浓度由48 mg/L降低至11 mg/L。     

Salt Inhibition Effects in Biological Treatment of Saline Wastewater in RBC

Design and operation of saline wastewater treatment systems are difficult because of adverse effects of salt on microbial flora. Quantification and modeling of salt inhibition effects are essential in designing biological treatment processes for saline wastewater. Synthetic wastewater containing 0–10% salt (NaCl) was treated in a rotating biodisc contactor (RBC) unit operating in a continuous mode. Effects of important process variables such as the A∕Q ratio, COD loading rate, and salt concentration on COD removal rate and efficiency were investigated. The system's performance improved with an increasing A∕Q ratio; however, performance decreased with an increasing COD loading rate and salt content. The liquid phase was aerated to keep suspended cells active at high feed COD concentrations such as S0 = 5,000 mg∕L. A mathematical model was developed to describe the system's behavior. Model parameters were determined by using the experimental data. Salt inhibition was found to be significant for salt concentrations larger than 2% NaCl. The experimental results and mathematical model may be used in design of RBC units treating saline wastewater.     

Influence of COD:N:P Ratio on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in Fixed-Bed Filter

This study examined the effects of COD:N:P ratio on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in a single upflow fixed-bed filter provided with anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions through effluent and sludge recirculation and diffused air aeration. A high-strength wastewater mainly made of peptone, ammonium chloride, monopotassium phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate with varying COD, N, and P concentrations (COD: 2,500–6,000, N: 25–100, and P: 20–50 mg/L) was used as a substrate feed. Sodium acetate provided about 1,500 mg/L of the wastewater COD while the remainder was provided by glucose and peptone. A series of orthogonal tests using three factors, namely, COD, N, and P concentrations, at three different concentration levels were carried out. The experimental results obtained revealed that phosphorus removal efficiency was affected more by its own concentration than that of COD and N concentrations; while nitrogen removal efficiency was unaffected by different phosphorus concentrations. At a COD:N:P ratio of 300:5:1, both nitrogen and phosphorus were effectively removed using the filter, with removal efficiencies at 87 and 76%, respectively, under volumetric loadings of 0.1?kg?N/m3?d and 0.02?kg?P/m3?d.     

含氰废水处理方法的研究

针对采用湿法提纯金泥的企业处理含氰化物的废水,采用氯化法提纯金泥中的黄金,由于金泥含有大量氰化物,在预浸工序产生的废水中氰化物含量达到2 000 mg/L 左右。国家规定排放废水中含有的氰化物浓度不得超过0.5 mg/L,本企业要求排放废水中氰化物的浓度不得超过0.04 mg/L,预浸产生的废水必须经过脱氰化处理才能排放。经过实际研究,结合精炼厂现有工艺设备,采用酸性氯化法和活性炭吸附法相结合来脱出废水中的氰化物,经过处理的废水总氰含量低于0.04 mg/L,达到排放标准,最后排入焦家金矿选厂。     

离子交换技术软化处理稠油污水的研究.Ⅰ.离子交换技术方案探讨

对用强酸性(001×7)钠型树脂-固定床离子交换技术及大孔弱酸性钠型树脂-密实移动床离子交换技术软化处理稠油污水进行了小型试验及扩大试验。前一技术的工业性试验结果表明,利用现有的深度软化处理天然水的离子交换装置处理稠油污水有一定困难,而后一技术不仅吸附处理能力大,而且可使软化水的残留硬度达到铬黑T试剂检不出的程度,即硬度低于1 mg/L,满足油田蒸汽锅炉给水的要求。因此,推荐后者为油田软化处理稠油污水的可应用技术。     

Treatment of Drilling Wastewater by Combined Coagulation-Ultraviolet/Fenton-Pressurized Biological Processes

An integrated technique containing coagulation, ultraviolet/Fenton oxidation, and pressurized biological processes was provided for the treatment of wastewater generated from drilling operation where sulfonated muds were used. Ultraviolet/Fenton oxidation process was used to improve biodegradability of effluent after coagulation [assessed through a ratio of biological oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand (COD) (B/C) index]. Pressurized biological experiments were used to further remove COD so as to meet the wastewater discharge standard. The results showed that coagulation pretreatment could help remove most of CODs (70–80%) in drilling wastewater. A 57% reduction in COD was obtained in the ultraviolet/Fenton oxidation process with 0.8 Qth H2O2 (in 30 min), and the biodegradability was significantly improved (B/C was increased from 0.03 to 0.47). The pressurized biological process could help speed up the reaction process with a saved aeration time of 66.7% under a system pressure of 0.2 MPa (in comparison with the condition of a normal pressure). The overall COD removal efficiency was about 95% and the COD level in the final effluent was less than 100 mg/L, which satisfied the wastewater discharge standard.     

CaCl2-PAC絮凝法处理含氟废水的研究

文章绘制了水溶液中总氟与游离钙离子和pH值的关系图,并结合氯化钙、PAC混凝剂处理含氟废水,分别考察了氯化钙的加入量和PAC加入量对除氟的影响.结果表明,在氯化钙加入量为I00mg/L时,水样中氟离子残余量为10.2 mg/L,在溶液pH值为6.5,PAC加入量为400mg/L时,水样中残余氟离子浓度为3.62 mg/...     

Effects of Sodium Chloride on the Performance of a Sequencing Batch Reactor

In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium chloride (concentrations ranging from 0?to?60?g/L) on the performance of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) using a microbial culture developed from a domestic sewage treatment plant. The lab-scale SBRs were fed with synthetic wastewater (acetate as the organic substrate) containing either sodium chloride solution or seawater to ensure consistency in feed composition. It was found that sodium chloride concentrations of up to 10?g/L stimulated substrate removal. The organic removal efficiency decreased from 96%, when no sodium chloride was added, to 86% when 60?g/L of sodium chloride was introduced into the influent wastewater. Effluent turbidity increased significantly when the sodium chloride concentration in the wastewater was equal to or above 30?g/L even though the sludge volume index (SVI) decreased. The increase in effluent turbidity could be caused by the release of nondissolved cellular components due to plasmolysis of microorganisms as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Experiments involving seawater (with 20?g/L total dissolved solids) showed that organic removal efficiency improved from 87 to 95% while effluent turbidity and SVI values were lowered when the loading rate parameter (Li) was lowered from 0.6?to?0.3?mg total chemical oxygen demand (mg?VSS?day). Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated morphological changes in the microbial population. From this study, it was concluded that microbial culture from domestic wastewater facilities could be acclimated in a SBR to treat wastewater containing sodium chloride concentrations of up to 60?g/L.     

萃取法提取铬(Ⅲ)分离铁(Ⅱ)的研究

采用皂化的P204+磺化煤油体系共萃铬、铁,选择性反萃分离铬、铁工艺,从电镀污泥硫酸浸出液中回收富集铬.考察皂化率、P204浓度、料液初始pH值、萃取时间、温度、相比等因素对于萃取效果的影响,考察反萃剂组成、浓度、相比等因素对反萃效果的影响.结果表明:P204皂化率及浓度是影响铬的萃取率重要因素.在萃取有机相组成为30 %P204+70 %磺化煤油,皂化率为70 %,料液pH=2.42,V_O/V_A=1/1,萃取温度28 ℃,振荡时间5 min条件下,经6级逆流萃取达到平衡之后,出口水相铬浓度为0.9 mg/L左右,铬萃取率为99.99 %.采用2段反萃工序有效的分离铬铁:采用2 mol/L硫酸反萃,相比V_O/V_A=5/1,温度32 ℃,振荡时间5 min,经过3级逆流反萃,铬反萃率为97.5 %,铬浓度富集到29.5 g/L,铁浓度为10 mg/L;反萃铬后负载有机相再用氢氧化钠溶液反萃铁.      

活性炭吸附法去除冶炼废水COD的研究

采用活性炭吸附法对株冶冶炼废水进行了COD去除研究,考察了pH值、反应时间、活性炭用量、反应温度对去除率的影响。结果表明：采用粉末活性炭为吸附剂,当pH值为8．5,搅拌时间为0．5h,活性炭用量为0．25g／L,温度为25℃时,COD去除率达到64．87％,出水COD约为20mg／L。