缓香型玉米醇溶蛋白微胶囊乳液的制备及应用

为改善皮革的特殊气味并提升其应用性能,以玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)、艾叶香精(AAE)以及普兰尼克F127等为原料,通过反溶剂法制备缓香型玉米醇溶蛋白微胶囊(AAE@ZMs)乳液,再将AAE@ZMs乳液与成膜剂己内酰胺改性酪素复配后应用于皮革涂饰.结果表明,Zein与F127、AAE和戊二醛通过化学交联和氢键相互作用,同时F127和AAE可使Zein中的氨基酸重排并发生荧光猝灭.当Zein和AAE质量分别为0.1 g和0.01 g时,制得的AAE@ZMs乳液中微胶囊平均粒径约为298.6 nm,且具有较好的分散性和稳定性,AAE@ZMs对香精的包覆率和负载率分别可以达到73.2％和5.8％,微胶囊中的AAE在良溶剂中释放120 h后的累积释放率约为83.1％.将复配后的AAE@ZMs乳液应用于皮革涂饰后,涂饰革样中AAE的释放周期为6周,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有较好的抑制效果,同时涂饰革样还展现出较好的机械性能.     

酪素基rGO复合乳液的制备及其对皮革阻燃增强效果的研究

为制备具有增强阻燃效果的皮革涂饰材料,本研究首先以天然石墨为原料,采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯,并采用NaBH4对其进行还原得到还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）。通过FTIR,XRD和TEM等对其进行表征。结果表明,成功制备了rGO纳米材料。随后,采用物理共混法将rGO引入天然蛋白质酪素体系,制备酪素基rGO复合乳液并将其应用于皮革涂饰,对涂饰后革样的阻燃性能、力学性能和耐干湿擦性能进行测试。结果表明,当rGO的含量为酪素体系溶质质量的0.5%时,与未含rGO的酪素体系相比,涂饰后革样的燃烧速率下降47.2%,极限氧指数（LOI）由24.2%增加至26.3%,热释放速率（HRR）下降53.1%,总热释放率（THR）也有所降低。rGO的引入对涂饰后革样的力学性能和耐干湿擦性能影响不大。     

玉米醇溶蛋白作为阿司匹林缓控释骨架材料的研究

以阿司匹林（Aspirin）为模型药物,玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）作为骨架材料,采用混合压片法制备了不同配方的药物片剂。紫外比色法测定释放效果,根据药片溶出实验结果进行数理统计,模拟释药方程。结果表明：Zein作为骨架材料的片剂释药时间都达到了6h以上,控制药剂配方中阿司匹林和分散剂淀粉用量的比例,就可以实现不同的控释效果。实验结果表明了玉米醇溶蛋白是一种良好的天然药物缓控释骨架材料。     

PDMDAAC改性玉米醇溶蛋白负载阿维菌素纳米颗粒的制备与性能

为提高阿维菌素叶面沉积率及其抗紫外分解性能,本文设计构建了叶面亲和的纳米载体。通过自由基聚合将聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）改性玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）,得到表面携带正电荷的改性玉米醇溶蛋白,并将其用于负载阿维菌素。采用红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段对改性产物结构和形貌进行表征。通过反溶剂沉淀法制备了平均粒径为64.92nm的载药纳米粒子,载体对阿维菌素的包封率为(34.75±0.18)%。与植物表面的静电作用提升了纳米粒子悬浮液在植物表面的润湿性能,接触角大小随PDMDAAC接枝量增大而降低,由77.38°减小到64.60°;叶面滞留量可达33.69mg/cm²。改性玉米醇溶蛋白对阿维菌素的包覆提升了其抗紫外性能,半衰期由15min延长至40min,且阿维菌素的释放速率可通过PDMDAAC接枝率进行调控。     

VE-玉米醇溶蛋白纳米胶囊工艺及抗氧化性能

以维生素E为芯材、玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）为壁材、醇醚糖苷（AEG）为乳化剂、甘油（VG）为助乳化剂,通过正负相凝聚法制备维生素E-玉米醇溶蛋白纳米胶囊（VE/Zein-NC）。以包封效率和粒径为指标,通过单因素试验优化制备工艺,并研究纳米胶囊抗氧化能力。结果表明,VE/Zein-NC的最佳制备工艺为：玉米醇溶蛋白质量浓度为2.5 mg/m L、乙醇质量分数为75%、正负相体积比为1∶2。此条件所制备的VE纳米胶囊的包封率达到85.37%±0.46%,VE/Zein-NC平均粒径为305.49 nm,多分散系数为0.038,分散性良好,水分含量低,储存30 d后抗氧化能力可达未经处理VE的2.47倍。     

酪素基rGO复合乳液的制备及其阻燃性能

为制备具有增强阻燃效果的皮革涂饰材料,首先以天然石墨为原料,采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),并采用NaBH4对其进行还原得到还原氧化石墨烯(rGO).通过FTIR,XRD和TEM等对其进行表征.结果表明,成功制备了rGO纳米材料.随后,采用物理共混法将rGO引入天然蛋白质酪素体系,制备酪素基rGO复合乳液并将其应用于皮革涂饰,对涂饰后革样的阻燃性能、力学性能和耐干湿擦性能进行测试.结果表明,当rGO的含量为酪素体系溶质质量的0.5％时,与未含rGO的酪素体系相比,涂饰后革样的燃烧速率下降47.2％,极限氧指数(LOI)由24.2％增加至26.3％,热释放速率(HRR)下降53.1％,总热释放速率(THR)也有所降低.rGO的引入对涂饰后革样的力学性能和耐干湿擦性能影响不大.     

燕麦β-葡聚糖—酪蛋白—玉米醇溶蛋白纳米粒子的制备及其负载α-硫辛酸

通过反溶剂共沉淀法制备出以玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）包埋α-硫辛酸（LA）为内核，酪蛋白酸钠和燕麦β-葡聚糖的美拉德反应聚合物（MC）为外壳涂层的LA-Zein-MC纳米粒子。利用SEM、FTIR、XRD、DSC对LA-Zein-MC纳米粒子进行了表征，并对其稳定性和胃肠道模拟进行了测试。结果表明，LA-Zein-MC纳米粒子的最佳制备工艺条件为m(Zein)∶m(LA)=25∶1、m(Zein)∶m(MC)=1∶2.4。在该条件下制备的LA-Zein-MC纳米粒子粒径为235.4 nm,Zeta电位为–32.1 mV，多分散系数为0.144，最大包封率为56.17%，载药量为0.56%。LA-Zein-MC纳米粒子形貌光滑，LA被包埋在纳米粒子内部，该纳米粒子具有较高的NaCl稳定性和热稳定性。此外，LA实现了可控缓释。     

细乳液聚合法制备高固含量聚丙烯酸酯乳液及性能

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为乳化剂,正丁醇为助稳定剂,通过细乳液聚合法制备了固含量高达60%的聚丙烯酸酯乳液。考察了SDS用量对乳液凝胶率、转化率、旋转黏度的影响,进一步考察了理论固含量对乳液旋转黏度、粒径大小及其分布的影响。结果表明:随着SDS用量的增加,固含量为60%时,乳液凝胶率先降低后增加,转化率变化较小,旋转黏度增加;随着理论固含量的增加,乳液旋转黏度明显增加,粒径大小及其分布明显增大;透射电镜(TEM)结果与动态光散射(DLS)测试结果一致,高固含量乳液呈现出较宽的粒径分布。将该乳液应用于皮革涂饰工艺中,涂饰后革样力学性能与市售同类皮革涂饰剂相当,耐湿擦、透气性能都有所提高。     

添加剂改性玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜的制备与表征

采用流延法制备高含量玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）的Zein/壳聚糖（CS）复合膜，通过复合添加剂〔m(甘油)：m(聚乙二醇400)=1:1〕对Zein/CS复合膜共混改性，研究复合添加剂添加量（以总溶液质量计，分别为0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%）对薄膜的力学、光学和热学性能等的影响，并通过SEM、FTIR对薄膜形貌和结构变化进行表征。结果表明，复合添加剂通过削弱Zein和CS之间的分子间作用力，达到增塑效果，薄膜综合机械性能有所改善，随着复合添加剂添加量的升高，薄膜断裂伸长率逐渐增强，拉伸强度呈下降再上升的趋势；水蒸气透过率逐渐增加，水接触角逐渐减小，薄膜亲水性随之增强。与不含复合添加剂的薄膜（ZC-0）相比，当复合添加剂添加量为1.5%时，复合膜（ZC-1.5）的抗拉强度降低了27.40%，断裂伸长率增长了39.87%，水蒸气透过率上升了29.10%。通过SEM和DSC观察，添加复合添加剂改性后，改善了Zein和CS之间的相容性，制备的薄膜表面更加平整光滑。综合性能可得，制备高含量Zein的Zein/CS复合膜，复合添加剂浓度为1.5%时，薄膜性能最优。并在含有1.5%复合添加剂的Zein/CS薄膜中添加了一定量的姜黄素，据测定其能够有效提高薄膜的抗氧化性能至55.18%。     

玉米醇溶蛋白膜研究进展

介绍了玉米醇溶蛋白(Zein)的组成及结构,总结了Zein膜的制备方法、性能及用途,详述了为满足Zein膜在各种用途中的性能而进行的各种修饰改性,如提高机械性能、增强亲/疏水性、增强隔氧阻水性、增大载药量和载药效率及增强药物控缓释等。今后的工作,将围绕新的制备和复合改性方法、拓展Zein膜的应用领域、复合改性机理的研究及改善Zein膜用于药物控缓释时初期的爆发性释放等方面展开。     

Effect of different drying methods on zein-based microcapsules loaded with Artemisia argyis essence obtained by anti-solvent precipitation

Microencapsulation is considered an efficient technique to protect functional materials from oxidization while enabling controlled release. In this study, anti-solvent precipitation was used to prepare zein-based microcapsules loaded with Artemisia argyis essence (AAE@ZMs). The impact of different drying methods, namely vacuum drying, freeze drying, and spray drying on AAE@ZMs was evaluated. Quality of AAE@ZMs was evaluated by the determination of color, moisture content, bulk density, chemical structure, and morphology evaluation. Freeze dried AAE@ZMs (F-AAE@ZMs) and vacuum dried microcapsules (V-AAE@ZMs) respectively showed stronger water and oil absorption capacities. The residual content of Artemisia argyis essence (AAE) in V-AAE@ZMs was higher than those in F-AAE@ZMs and spray dried microcapsules (S-AAE@ZMs) after continuously releasing for 120 h. Meanwhile, heated from 30 to 600°C, the residues of V-AAE@ZMs and F-AAE@ZMs were lower than those of S-AAE@ZMs. Therefore, drying methods greatly affected key quality parameters of AAE@ZMs. This study provides guidance on the use of drying methods in microcapsules delivery systems with zein or other materials.     

叶面亲和型阿维菌素微胶囊的制备及pH响应性释放性能

为减少农药流失，设计了一种叶面亲和型缓释微胶囊。以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）接枝改性羧甲基纤维素（CMC）得到羧甲基纤维素-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（CMC-g-PMMA），然后利用自组装负载阿维菌素（AVM）形成载药微胶囊（CMC-g-PMMA@AVM），通过多巴胺（DA）包覆提高CMC-g-PMMA@AVM的叶面亲和性。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、热重分析等对其结构和形貌进行表征，研究了微胶囊的载药性能、叶面亲和性及响应释放性能。结果显示，DA/CMC-g-PMMA@AVM为平均粒径126nm的球形粒子，多巴胺的包覆可有效提高微胶囊的载药性能，包封率可达88.56%；增强AVM的叶面亲和性，使其叶面滞留量相对于阿维菌素水乳液提升30.56%；赋予AVM优异的抗紫外光分解性能，强紫外光照射60min后，由AVM水乳液中AVM的残留率14.03%提高到DA/CMC-g-PMMA@AVM中的59.55%。载药微胶囊中药物释放具有pH响应，在pH=5条件下出现爆释，药物释放过程符合Weibull模型，受Fick扩散控制。     

Preparations and temperature-dependent release properties of Pluronic F127-containing microcapsules prepared by a double emulsion technique

Microcapsules encapsulating Pluronic F127 were prepared by a double emulsion technique. Poly(?-caprolacton) (PCL) and ethyl cellulose (EC) were used as wall materials of microcapsule. When primary water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions were prepared, Pluronic F127 solution in distilled water (20%) was used as a water phase, and PCL/EC solution in dichloromethane (5%) as an oil phase. The ratio of water to oil phase, 1:12, and the ratio of PCL to EC, 1.7:3.3, led to microcapsules having smooth surfaces. Temperature-dependent releases from the microcapsules were investigated for 6 h using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and blue-dextran as dyes. The degrees of release were higher at higher temperatures. The promoted release at a higher temperature is thought be due to an enhanced diffusion of the dyes, but not due to the thermo-sensitive property of Pluronic F127.     

猪脾脏转移因子壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微囊的制备及其性能

以壳聚糖-海藻酸钠为囊材,采用乳化-外部凝胶法制备猪脾脏转移因子壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微囊,并研究了其粒径、载药量、包封率、体外释药等性质. 结果表明,经优化工艺所制微囊球形度良好,平均粒径11.05 mm,平均载药量11.60 mg/g,平均包封率60.8%,在磷酸缓冲液(pH=7.4)中的释药曲线方程为ln(1-Q)=-0.0692t-0.6449 (R2=0.9876),符合一级动力学方程. 该制备工艺简单,所制猪脾脏转移因子微囊具有良好的溶胀性能和缓释性能.     

Development of self-healing coatings based on urea-formaldehyde/polyurethane microcapsules containing epoxy resin

In this study, the synthesis of urea-formaldehyde/polyurethane (UF/PU) microcapsules containing epoxy resin for self-healing and anti-corrosion coatings with good stability has been reported. Spherical microcapsules were prepared with a diameter of about 50–720 μm and a shell thickness of 0.6–0.7 μm via in situ polymerization in an oil-in-water emulsion using 2,4-toluene diisocyanate-based pre-polymer along with the urea-formaldehyde. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) were employed to evaluate the shape and morphology of the microcapsules. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the absence of free isocyanate groups within the microcapsule shell confirming the completion of shell formation reactions. OM illustrated that the microcapsules were stable over a period of 30-days in toluene and xylene. Increasing microcapsule loading improved crack repairing and anti-corrosion performance of the coating layer. Low-carbon steel coupons coated with an epoxy resin containing 10 wt% microcapsules and scribed using a scalpel blade showed no visible sign of corrosion after up to 5 weeks of exposure in a standard salt spray test chamber.     

Zein-based microcapsule for vanillin sustained release

Currently, microcapsules are attracting great attention and becoming more and more widely used in sustained release system. In this research, zein-based microcapsules were prepared by anti-solvent precipitation technology and spray drying. The properties of as-prepared microcapsules were optimized by adjusting the reaction conditions and parameters such as the mass ratio of zein to vanillin, the drying temperature and whether polyethylene glycol was added or not. Meanwhile, the morphologies, chemical structures, and application performances of microcapsules were characterized and determined by SEM, FT-IR, TG, and so on. The results showed that the morphology of as-obtained microcapsules was a regular spherical shape with no cracks when the mass ratio of zein to vanillin was 1:1, the inlet temperature was 120 C and the polyethylene glycol was introduced. Meanwhile, it was also proved that the polyethylene glycol has a positive effect on the encapsulation efficiency in microcapsules. Moreover, zein microcapsules can effectively improve the thermal stability and release behavior of vanillin, meanwhile the exist of polyethylene glycol can further improve the properties of zein microcapsules. This research provided guidelines for the study of microcapsules.     

Preparation of monosultap-polyurethane microcapsules in an inverse emulsion through interfacial polymerization

In this study, we prepared monosultap microcapsules in an inverse emulsion through interfacial polymerization for the first time. The microcapsules are spherical pellets with intact and smooth shell and have a narrow particle size distribution with an average size of about 2.35 μm. More importantly, our microcapsules have excellent thermal stability with a starting decomposition temperature of 233.1 °C, high encapsulation efficiency of 81.9% as well as long-term slow release of monosultap under different conditions. In addition, the shell of the microcapsules can degrade completely in the natural condition, avoiding the pollution to the environment. It can be believed that our microcapsules will show good service performance if employed in agricultural industry. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48594.     

Chitosan nanoparticles as particular emulsifier for preparation of novel pH-responsive Pickering emulsions and PLGA microcapsules

In this work, we describe a novel and simple method for fabricating biocompatible microcapsules. Chitosan colloidal nanoparticle-coated micrometer-sized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microcapsules were fabricated via a combined system of “Pickering-type” emulsion route and solvent volatilization method in the absence of any molecular surfactants. Stable oil-in-water emulsions were prepared using chitosan colloidal nanoparticles as a particulate emulsifier and a dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) solution of PLGA as an oil phase. Moreover, this stable emulsion present a good pH-responsive characteristic. The uncross-linked chitosan nanoparticles coated PLGA microcapsules were fabricated by the evaporation of CH₂Cl₂ from the emulsion, and the cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles coated PLGA microcapsules were prepared by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and evaporation of CH₂Cl₂. The two types of microcapsules were characterized in terms of size, morphology using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), optical microscope, and so on. These observations confirm the robust nature of these cross-linked microcapsules. Moreover, a possible mechanism for the formation of these microcapsules was proposed. The combined system of Pickering emulsion and solvent volatilization opens up a new route to fabricate a variety of microcapsules.     

Biodegradable Nanoparticles-Loaded PLGA Microcapsule for the Enhanced Encapsulation Efficiency and Controlled Release of Hydrophilic Drug

Recently, nano- and micro-particulate systems have been widely utilized to deliver pharmaceutical compounds to achieve enhanced therapeutic effects and reduced side effects. Poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), as one of the biodegradable polyesters, has been widely used to fabricate particulate systems because of advantages including controlled and sustained release, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, PLGA is known for low encapsulation efficiency (%) and insufficient controlled release of water-soluble drugs. It would result in fluctuation in the plasma levels and unexpected side effects of drugs. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop microcapsules loaded with alginate-coated chitosan that can increase the encapsulation efficiency of the hydrophilic drug while exhibiting a controlled and sustained release profile with reduced initial burst release. The encapsulation of nanoparticles in PLGA microcapsules was done by the emulsion solvent evaporation method. The encapsulation of nanoparticles in PLGA microcapsules was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. The release profile of hydrophilic drugs can further be altered by the chitosan coating. The chitosan coating onto alginate exhibited a less initial burst release and sustained release of the hydrophilic drug. In addition, the encapsulation of alginate nanoparticles and alginate nanoparticles coated with chitosan in PLGA microcapsules was shown to enhance the encapsulation efficiency of a hydrophilic drug. Based on the results, this delivery system could be a promising platform for the high encapsulation efficiency and sustained release with reduced initial burst release of the hydrophilic drug.