热处理对Bi—Pb—Sr—Ca—Cu—O超导材料结构和超导性能的影响

利用原位电阻测量、热重分析、电镜观察和电子探针等多种实验手段研究了Ｂｉ１．６Ｐｂ０．４Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ１０＋６（下称ＢＰＳＣＣＯ）超导材料在不同温度（６５０－８００℃）和不同氧分压（氧气、空气和氮气）下热处理过程中结构变化及其对超导电性的影响，实验结果表明，在稍高氧分压下退火，２２２３相中的Ｐｂ＾２＋离子将失稳析出体外，生成类Ｃａ２ＰｂＯ４杂相，导致电阻率和重量增加，其调制结构由纯Ｐｂ型（ｑ＝     

Ni对C－B_4C－SiC复合材料显微结构与性能的影响

本文研究了烧结助剂Ｎｉ对Ｃ－Ｂ_４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合材料显微结构与性能的影响．Ｘ射线衍射表明Ｎｉ在烧结温度下与ＳｉＣ，Ｂ_４Ｃ人发生反应在晶界生成Ｎｉ_（４．６）Ｓｉ_２Ｂ，并产生液相，有效地促进了Ｃ－Ｂ_４Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合材料的烧结，抑制了晶粒的长大，使复合材料密度与强度大幅度地增加，电阻率下降；同时Ｎｉ_（４．６）Ｓｉ_２Ｂ在氧化时生成致密的２ＮｉＯ·Ｂ_２Ｏ_３，包裹了易氧化的Ｂ_４Ｃ和Ｃ，有效地防止了复合材料的氧化，从而大大提高了制品的抗氧化性能．     

Bi—Pb—Sr—Ca—Cu—O系相关系研究的最新进展

围绕给Ｂｉ系超导材料研究提供必要的信息，综述了１９９１年以来Ｂｉ－Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ系相关系研究的最新结果。主要包括Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ三元系，Ｓｒ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ三元和纱，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＣｕＯ伪二元系，（Ｂｉ，Ｐｂ）２Ｓｒ２ＣｕＯｘ－ＣａＣｕＯ２伪二元系，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＣａＯ－ＣｕＯ伪三元系，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＳｒＯ－ＣａＯ伪三元系，Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－ＳｒＯ－ＣｕＯ－ＭＯ（Ｍ为Ｃａ，Ｐｂ）伪四元系。此外，还讨论了与     

用家庭微波炉快速制备高TcBi—2212超导体

家用微波炉快速制备单相Ｂｉ—２２１２超导体的关键是控制样品环境温度,以及进行中间研磨重复微波辐照过程． 将 Ｂｉ２Ｏ３、 ＰｂＯ、 ＳｒＯ、ＣａＯ和ＣｕＯ粉按ＢｉＳｒ∶ Ｃａ∶ ＣＵ＝２．０∶ １．５∶ １．５∶ ２０; ２．０∶ ２．０∶１．０∶２．０和Ｂｉ∶Ｐｂ∶Ｓｒ∶Ｃａ∶Ｃｕ＝１．６∶０．６∶２．０∶ １．０∶ ２０摩尔比进行称重,并充分混合。混合粉的一部分（ｌｇ）压制成直径为１０ｍｍ,厚为２ｍｍ的小片,为减少小片表面的热逸散,将剩下的混合粉（２ｇ）放在小片的周围,外面再包上玻璃棉,放在５ｃｍ３大小…     

含铅铋系2212相生长动力学研究

从生长动力学角度研究了（Ｂｉ,Ｐｂ）２Ｓｒ２ＣａＣｕ２Ｏｚｘ超导相反应历程及成相规律。应用差示热分析（ＤＴＡ）,Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）,扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）,能量色散谱仪（ＥＤＳ）等手段详细分析了所得样品的成分、成分改变过程和微观形貌。结果表明：（Ｂｉ,Ｐｂ）２２１２相基层符合按成核生长机理进行的固相反应动力学关系。较大的过度下,长时间的退火处理过程有利于有织构的（Ｂｉ,Ｐｂ）－２２１２相形成。     

超微晶合金FE_（73．5）CU_1Nb_3Si_（13．5）B_9晶化相的电镜

用透射电镜和能谱仪分析了Ｆｅ７３．５ＣＵ１Ｎｂ３Ｓｉ１３．５Ｂ９合金经不同温度退火后的组织、晶化相结构以及不同晶化相中的各元素含量变化。合金于４５０℃退火１ｈ析出尺寸小于５ｎｍ的ｂｃｃＦｅ（Ｓｉ）相，并且其尺寸随退火温度的升高而增大到约１５ｎｍ。于６００℃退火时合金中析出四方结构的Ｆｅ３Ｂ相，其晶格常数为ａ＝０．８７ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．４３９ｎｍ。在７００℃退火时出现面心立方结构的Ｆｅ３Ｂ６相，其晶格常数ａ＝１．０３９ｎｍ。在Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）相中，含有约１７ａｔ％的Ｓｉ，在Ｆｅ２３Ｂ６中含有约１１ａｔ％的Ｓｉ和约４ａｔ％的Ｎｂ，而在ＦＥ３Ｂ中Ｓｉ和Ｎｂ含量均很少。     

玻璃组分与Cu—Ni熔体过冷稳定性

在高真空下,研究了５０ ％ （７９ ％ Ｓｉ Ｏ２ ＋ １２ ．５ ％ Ｂ２ Ｏ３ ＋ ２ ．２ ％ Ａｌ２ Ｏ３ ＋ ０ ．６ ％ Ｃａ Ｏ ＋ ５ ．７ ％ Ｎａ２ Ｏ） （ 简写为 Ｎａ Ｃａ Ａｌ Ｂ Ｓｉ） ＋ ５０ ％ （ Ｎａ２ Ｂ７ Ｏ４） 对 Ｃｕ５０ Ｎｉ５０ 和 Ｃｕ７０ Ｎｉ３０ 合金熔体循环过热过程中过冷度稳定性的影响。结果表明,５０ ％（ Ｎａ Ｃａ Ａｌ Ｂ Ｓｉ） ＋ ５０ ％ （ Ｎａ２ Ｂ７ Ｏ４） 玻璃对合金熔体的净化过程为物理—化学复合净化, 且在（ Ｎａ Ｃａ Ａｌ Ｂ Ｓｉ） 净化剂中加入（ Ｎａ２ Ｂ７ Ｏ４） 玻璃形成的净化剂粘度适中,因此合金熔体在２ ～５ 次循环过热过程中可以获得稳定深过冷。     

B_2O_3－MgO－SiO_2－Al_2O_3－CaO系渣组成对熔体物性的影响

用柱体旋转法测定了Ｂ_２Ｏ_３—ＭｇＯ—ＳｉＯ_２—Ａｌ２Ｏ_３—ＣａＯ系富硼镁渣的粘度及熔化性温度，用双柱联称法测定熔渣的密度及表面张力．实验结果表明：富硼镁渣的粘度及熔化性温度随渣中Ｂ_２Ｏ_３含量的增加而降低；当Ｂ_２Ｏ_３含量一定时，随渣中ＭｇＯ量及渣碱度的增加而增大．熔体的密度及表面张力随ＭｇＯ量增加或ＳｉＯ_２量减少而增大，分别为（２．５±０．５）ｔ·ｍ~（－３）和０．４－０．６Ｎ·ｍ~（－１）．     

CO还原CaO－SiO_2－Al_2O_3－Fe_tO渣系研究

研究了在１７２３Ｋ下ＣＯ还原ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ_２－Ａ１_２Ｏ_３－Ｆｅ_ｔＯ渣系。根据ＣＯ_２红外分析仪测定的出口气体中ＣＯ_２浓度变化，计算了炉渣的表现还原速度常数Ｋ_ａ和还原速度常数Ｋ。结果表明，加入Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３，提高了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ_２－Ｆｅ_ｔＯ的Ｋ_ａ和Ｋ值；炉渣碱度不变时，随着Ｆｅ_ｔＯ含量的增加，Ｋ_ａ呈增加趋势，但Ｋ则呈抛物线趋势变化；当ＦｅＯ的光学碱度∧_ＦｅＯ为１．０或０．８７时，Ｋ_ａ随该四元渣系光学碱度的增加而线性增加，而Ｋ则呈递减趋势。用炉渣规则溶液模型计算了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ_２－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－Ｆｅ_ｔＯ四元渣系的Ｆｅ_ｔＯ活度ａ_Ｆｅ_ｔＯ。     

晶须增强Al－8．5Fe－1．3V－1．7Si复合材料及晶须增强效果的评价

采用粉末冶金法在较高的温度下制备了ＳｉＣ，Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４和Ａｌ_（１８）Ｂ_４Ｏ_（３３）晶须增强Ａｌ－８．５Ｆｅ－１．３Ｖ－１．７Ｓｉ耐热铝合金复合材料，山于采用不含Ｍｇ的基体避免了Ａｌ_（１８）Ｂ_４Ｏ_（３３）晶须界面上出现界面反应和Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４，ＳｉＣ晶须界面上出现的界面生成物，所以所有晶须界面都是清洁的．加入晶须可以明显提高材料的强度和模量，三种晶须的增强效果依次为ＳｉＣ，Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４和Ａｌ_（１８）Ｂ_４Ｏ_（３３）．这类复合材料的强度随温度的升高呈线性下降，其使用温度可比ＳｉＣ_ｗ／２０２４Ａｌ复合材料提高５０－１００℃     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.