提高检测效率导向下自动化测试技术在电子元器件测试中的应用

随着电子制造业的快速发展,电子产品的更新速度越来越快,电子元器件的检测难度日益增大。AOI技术作为一种自动化测试技术不仅满足了快速交付和持续集成的需求,还能够提高检测效率。为研究自动化测试技术在电子元器件测试中的应用,本文以AOI技术检测PCB缺陷为例,进行了基于AOI技术的PCB缺陷检测系统设计,从图像采集、图像预处理、图像定位以及识别缺陷等方面详细介绍了自动化检测技术在电子元器件测试中的应用,证明了自动化检测技术对提高电子元器件的检测效率具有重要的现实意义,以期促进电子制造业的发展。     

基于ACR9000控制器的自动光学检测平台设计 

针对自动光学检测(AOI)平台运行过程中的定位精度控制问题,提出了一种基于速度和加速度前馈控制与PID反馈控制的复合控制算法,该算法对输入量进行跟踪补偿控制以消除系统稳态误差,用于提高AOI平台定位精度;基于开放式的数控系统设计方法设计了AOI平台;在Matlab/Simulink环境下,构建了基于该复合控制算法的定位精度控制仿真模型,仿真结果验证了复合控制算法的有效性;将该复合控制算法作为ACR9000控制器的控制算法,并基于ACR9000控制器进行AOI平台实验研究;应用该AOI平台进行了印刷电路板(PCB)检测实验,实验结果表明文中复合控制算法能够提高AOI平台定位精度,AOI平台的定位精度满足印刷电路板检测要求,可以将该AOI平台用于印刷电路板检测。     

新型高密度电路板的自动光学检测系统设计

为提高自动光学检测系统(AOI)的缺陷检出率,研究了一种采用多色光源照明,利用机器视觉获取被测高密度印刷电路板(HDI型PCB)图像,通过图像处理快速准确地识别出各种缺陷的新型AOI。实验装置由主控计算机、电气控制系统、精密机械运动装置、多色光源照明和图像采集系统等组成。图像处理及识别软件基于OPENCV和VisualStudio2005开发,模块化设计,包括光源控制、图像采集、图像拼接、图像定位、路径规划、缺陷检测和缺陷统计等模块。实验结果表明,新型AOI系统可检出加载HDI型PCB的各种缺陷,缺陷的检出率可达99.9%,误报率只有0.3%。     

基于机器视觉的高密度电路板缺陷检测系统

为减少高密度电路板的缺陷误报率,研究一种新型自动光学检测系统(AOI);系统采用自行研制的多色LED照明系统,利用机器视觉获取被测PCB的图像,通过图像处理软件系统快速准确地识别出各种缺陷;系统利用获取的彩色图像信息,根据各种缺陷的特征信息不同,采用OPENCV对各种缺陷的检测算法进行改进,使得系统性能有很大改进;对30块同类HDI型PCB的36300个检测点进行测试,测试结果证明,系统PCB缺陷的检出率高达99.87%,误报率只有0.32%。     

基于二值投影的PCB元件安装缺陷检测算法研究

研究分析了适用于AOI设备的PCB表面安装元件的缺陷检测算法.使用二值投影分析方法对2种元件类型的缺陷检测方法进行了研究,包括针对贴片电阻电容类型的chip元件和集成电路芯片类型的IC元件的缺陷检测方法.使用VC++6.0编写MFC程序实现算法,并制作了各种元件图像进行实验测试.实验结果表明,提出的方法能够快速有效的对两种类型的元件安装缺陷进行检测.     

基于AOI的PCB孔缺陷检测法

PCB(Printed Circuit Board,印制电路板)是提供电子零件安装与插接的基板,实现电子元器件之间的电气互连,是电子产品不可缺少的基本构成部分。过孔是PCB的重要组成部分,在PCB生产线上由于钻孔和电镀等工艺技术的限制,造成孔内缺陷,影响元器件的电气连接及焊接质量。因此为了保证过孔的可靠性必须进行缺陷检测。基于AOI(Automatic Optical Inspection,自动光学检测)原理,用计算机对PCB孔透光过程进行光学衍射建模仿真。将缺陷孔和无缺陷孔的仿真衍射图样进行比较,可判断出PCB孔是否存在缺陷。结果证明,这种缺陷检测方法具有可行性且操作简便。     

基于Twain接口的AOI系统

以工业PCB检测为研究对象，建立了一种基于Twain接口的新型AOI系统，重点研究了Twain接口的管理、颜色空间的选取和PCB瑕疵检测的方法。结合实际应用对如何提高检测速度和检测效率进行了较为深入的探讨，实验结果验证了该系统的可行性。     

基于Freescale微控制器的AOI多彩照明控制系统

为了检测出高密度印刷电路板(HDI PCB)中的多种焊接缺陷,对用于自动光学检测(AOI)设备的多角度多色彩LED照明装置的控制系统进行软硬件改进,设计了一种以Freescale--MC9H12XS128为微控制器的多彩照明控制系统。控制系统的硬件结构简单,可同时对4组LED阵列进行脉宽调制控制,根据实际图像的提取效果,通过接收主控上位机发出的指令,对不同LED阵列进行颜色选择和256级光照亮度的调节。实验结果表明,该系统能满足AOI设备对照明装置提出的各种要求,使照明系统光照均匀,光强可调,响应快,发热量小。     

多核并行AOI系统软件框架设计

针对现有自动光学检测(AOI)难以满足大规模高速、高精度和高灵敏TFT在线检测要求的问题,提出AOI混合多核计算机集群体系架构,研究AOI系统的软件框架设计及其关键软件技术。结果表明,采用基于OpenMP, MPI, OpenCV和IPP等技术的并行图像处理融合编程模型及其实现策略可有效克服TFT缺陷检测的性能瓶颈。     

自动光学检测在中国的应用现状和发展

本文首先概括了自动光学检测(AOI)的测试优点,然后结合具体产品讨论了AOI(包括AXI)的最新技术和发展,以及图像处理算法应用概况。接着对国外几家著名公司AOI产品作了简单介绍,并对国内目前AOI产品的研制情况进行了综述。最后介绍了几种基于AOI的电子组装综合检测技术。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.