微电解+Fenton处理DDNP废水的实验研究

采用微电解+Fenton法处理DDNP废水,考虑微电解系统的活性炭的投加量,Fe/C,pH,反应时间等因素在不同条件下原水的COD去除情况及色度变化。实验结果表明,最佳pH为4,Fe的投加量为30 g/L,最佳Fe/C为3/2,最佳反应时间60 min。COD的去除最高可达到58.8%。Fenton系统H2O2的投加量为4 mg/L,微电解+Fenton系统的COD去除率为87.53%。     

微电解耦合Fenton氧化处理煤层气产出水实验研究

探究了破乳混凝沉淀预处理结合微电解耦合Fenton氧化工艺对煤层气产出水的降解效果。结果表明，微电解耦合Fenton氧化工艺，在微电解pH为3.0，曝气强度为150 L/h,Fenton氧化反应pH为3.5,H₂O₂投加量为800mg/L的条件下，微电解COD去除率为66.85%,Fenton氧化反应COD去除率为60.30%，综合COD去除率达86.84%，整体工艺最终出水COD为174.21 mg/L，悬浮物质量浓度为2.64 mg/L，石油类质量浓度为1.21 mg/L，整体工艺的悬浮物去除率为99.01%，石油类去除率为97.40%,COD去除率为93.14%，实现了煤层气产出废水的高效处理。     

基于微电解技术的焦化废水强化预处理实验

以微电解技术为核心,耦合Fenton氧化-絮凝沉淀工艺对焦化废水进行强化预处理实验。结果表明,在最佳反应条件下,微电解反应对焦化废水COD的去除率达到20.2%,反应后系统Fe2+可达到410 mg/L,而耦合Fenton氧化-絮凝沉淀后对COD和挥发酚的去除率平均分别为37%和34%,B/C指标提高了50%,平均达到0.39,有效提高了焦化废水可生化性,但对氨氮去除效果不明显。     

内电解——Fenton氧化组合工艺预处理腈纶废水

在确定内电解和Fenton氧化最佳操作条件的基础上,利用连续实验和烧杯实验研究了内电解和Fenton氧化的不同组合形式处理腈纶废水的效果及对废水可生化性的改善.研究结果表明:内电解-Fenton氧化和内电解耦合Fenton氧化两种组合形式的出水COD低于400 mg/L,COD去除率达70%以上,废水的BOD/COD提高到0.3以上,出水CN-小于0.3 mg/L,满足后续生物处理的要求;Fenton氧化一内电解和内电解与Fenton同步氧化两种组合形式对COD的去除效果、废水可生化性的提高幅度以及对CN-的去除效果都不能满足后续生物处理的要求.     

微电解——Fenton联合工艺处理硝基苯废水效能研究

利用微电解-Ferlton联合工艺处理硝基苯废水.进行了工艺参数条件的优化,分析了影响处理效果的原因,并在优化的参数条件下对比联合工艺与其单独处理工艺的除污染效果.结果表明,微电解-Fenton联合工艺出水硝基苯去除率达99.9%,COD去除率为69.2%.在同样参数条件下单独微电解工艺硝基苯去除率为89.7%,COD去除率为42.3%,均远远低于联合工艺,而单独Fenton工艺硝基苯去除率为99.7%,COD去除率仅为30.4%,还不及联合工艺的一半.说明联合工艺经济、高效,具有很大优势.     

新型微电解联合催化氧化处理高浓度制药废水

研究了利用新型多元微电解联合催化氧化技术处理高浓度制药废水。在制药废水pH=3.5时,随着微电解处理停留时间的延长,其COD去除率不断上升,最高可达60%。催化氧化过程中使用双氧水为氧化剂,最佳添加量和反应pH分别为0.2%、3.0。为保证微电解稳定高效,进行了两级微电解+催化氧化处理制药废水的中试研究。结果表明,两级微电解耦合催化氧化处理制药废水中试COD去除效果稳定,微电解停留3 h时,最高去除率可达68.5%。     

混凝沉淀-微电解-Fenton氧化处理颜料废水的研究

对某颜料企业高浓度洗涤废水进行了混凝沉淀、微电解-Fenton氧化的处理研究。结果表明,在pH=12,PAC投加量为250 mg/L时,COD、LAS、SS去除率分别为47.8%、47%、52%。微电解-Fenton氧化的最佳条件为:铸铁粉投加量为0.3 g/L,微电解反应时间为1 h,双氧水投加量为10 mL/L,Fenton氧化时间为3 h。研究发现将混凝沉淀置于微电解-Fenton氧化前可提高处理效率,COD、LAS总去除率分别高达77.9%、98%。     

铁炭微电解/Fenton氧化预处理高浓度煤化工废水的研究

采用铁炭微电解/Fenton氧化组合工艺预处理高浓度煤化工废水,研究了工艺条件对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,铁炭床微电解的最佳运行条件为:进水pH=2,反应时间为20 min;Fenton氧化的最佳条件为:进水pH=4,30%H2O2投加量为3 mL/L,反应时间为60 min。在此运行条件下,COD总去除率可以达到60%～70%,其中微电解反应床COD去除率为40%～47%。采用该工艺预处理高浓度煤化工废水,降低了后续生物处理的负荷,同时不会引起铁炭床的钝化和板结。     

铁炭微电解-Fenton试剂预处理山梨酸废水

采用微电解和Fenton试剂相结合的方法对山梨酸废水进行了处理研究,探讨了影响处理效果的各种要素.研究结果表明,在V(Fe):V(C)=3:2,H2O2投加量为理论投加量的0.5倍,微电解和Fenton试剂氧化的停留时间分别为4、2 h时,该方法对废水COD的去除率达到75%,而且废水的BOD/COD由0.23提高到0.45.连续运行6 d,装置运行稳定,去除效果良好.     

铁碳微电解耦合双氧水法处理退浆酶废水研究

本文对铁碳微电解耦合双氧水氧化法处理退浆酶生产废水进行了研究。控制反应pH值为2,投加1.0 mL/L双氧水,反应时间60 min,废水的COD去除率可以达到95.46%,且BOD_5/COD比可大幅提升。对比研究了常规铁碳微电解法处理退浆酶废水,结果表明,铁碳微电解耦合双氧水氧化法处理退浆酶生产废水的效果优于常规铁碳微电解法,前者的COD、浊度的去除率分别为95.69%、99.84%,显著高于后者(去除率分别为57.29%、59.85%)。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.