基于hash技术的ext3目录索引机制的改进

针对当前广泛应用的ext3文件系统对超过一定长度的目录进行索引操作时,其性能明显下降的现象,首先对其原因进行了分析,提出一种基于hash技术的ext3目录索引问题的解决方案,并在此基础上给出了实现代码.通过几种测试平台所获得的实验数据证明了该hash技术对解决ext3性能瓶颈的有效性.     

具有快照功能的Linux文件系统

介绍了快照(snapshot)技术的作用及工作原理,分析了一种具有snapshot功能的Linux文件系统ext3ss的关键元数据的数据结构以及基于时间偏移的版本管理技术.运用此方法可以在文件系统级添加ext3ss功能,提供基于EPOCH时间的文件访问接口.最后对ext3ss进行了测试和分析.     

一种基于分组密码的hash函数的安全性分析及构造

利用已有的分组密码构造hash函数是一种非常方便的构造方法.早在1993 年Preneel 等人就对使用分组密码构造的64种hash 函数进行了安全分类,这些hash函数统称为PGV体制,它们都是单倍分组长度的,即输出长度和分组长度相同.2002 年Black在他的论文中对这64 种hash函数的安全性进行了严格的证明,证明其中的20种是安全的,其他是不安全的.随着计算技术的发展,人们感到单倍分组长度的hash函数的安全性不足,于是一些双倍分组长度的基于分组密码的hash函数被提了出来.但是其中的很多是不安全的.在AsiaCrypt2006上,一种使用了5个分组密码的双倍分组长度的hash函数被提了出来.作者声明这种构造方式是安全的,但没有给出安全性证明.本文对该体制进行了分析,发现其安全性并不理想,并针对本文的攻击提出了一种新的基于分组密码的hash函数,同时和SHA-256等hash函数的性能进行了对比.     

一种针对磁盘完整性校验的增量hash算法

增量hash函数具有传统迭代hash函数所不具备的增量性和并行性,可以使数据校验值的更新时间与该数据被修改的规模成比例。论文采用增量校验的思想,设计了一种针对磁盘完整性校验的hash函数称为iHash。该文介绍了算法的设计,描述了算法的具体实现,论证了其在抗碰撞问题上的可证明安全性,详细分析了该算法既具有一般增量hash算法的性能优势又具有之前增量hash设计领域未曾提出的新特性,最后给出了iHash与已有的hash函数在性能上的对比实验结果。     

一种基于折半层次搜索的包分类算法

折半层次搜索(BSOL)算法是一种高效的包分类算法,容易拓展至多维包分类,并支持range类型的规则。但由于其核心结构是在特里树（Trie）的每一层创建hash表,因此当hash装载因子较大或hash冲突较大时,会影响其效率。分析折半层次搜索算法的优缺点,引入布鲁姆过滤器,提出了一种新的改进算法,为Trie树的每一层建立了一个布鲁姆过滤器,在进行hash查找之前先进行一次布鲁姆查询运算,能够在hash冲突较大的情况下依然具有良好的性能。仿真实验结果表明,在数据包的命中率低于90%并且hash装载因子较大的情况下,新算法在运行时间上要优于以前的算法。     

基于双混沌映射的文本hash函数构造*

提出了一种基于混沌Logistic 映射和斜帐篷映射的文本hash函数算法。该算法将明文信息分组并转换为相应的ASCII码值,然后把该值作为Logistic映射的迭代次数,迭代生成的值作为斜帐篷映射的初始值进行迭代,然后依据一定的规则从生成值中提取长度为128 bit的hash值。通过仿真对该算法的单向性、混乱与扩散、碰撞等性能进行分析,理论分析和仿真实验证明该算法可以满足hash函数的各项性能要求。     

时空混沌双扰动单向hash函数的构造

提出一种采用耦合方式和m序列进行双扰动的时空混沌系统构造单向hash函数的新方案.方案中,Chebyshev映射的迭代值作为双向耦合帐篷时空混沌系统的初值进行扰动,而在时空混沌迭代末端,加入m序列产生器对选定的hash初值施加扰动,以抵抗存在性伪造攻击等攻击.该模型实现了任意长度明文序列转换成为160位hash值,仿真实验结果表明,该方案很好地达到了hash函数的各项性能要求,结合现有的各类攻击模式进行分析,证实该算法可以抵抗针对带密钥hash函数算法的各种攻击.     

一种基于逆hash链的RFID安全协议

为解决低成本无线射频识别RFID标签和标签读写器之间通信的安全性问题,提出了一种基于逆hash链的RFID安全协议,并对其性能和安全性能进行了分析,说明该安全协议仅需要很少的计算资源和电力供应,并具有较高的安全性.     

云环境下个人医疗信息的密文检索方法研究

针对云环境下个人医疗信息检索时出现的隐私问题,设计一种带有身份认证的公钥密文检索方法。采用RSA加密算法与SHA哈希算法对检索的关键词进行加密,先利用SHA对不同的关键词生成hash值,以防止检索时将关键词暴露给云服务器,接着用RSA公钥对关键词的hash值进行加密,并保存关键词密文。用户检索时,先用自己的私钥对采用相同SHA哈希算法生成的关键词hash值加密,同时加入用私钥对身份加密的数字签名信息,并一起上传云服务器。服务器检索时,利用用户的公钥进行解密,得到身份验证和关键词hash值。服务器先对身份进行认证,认证通过后再用公钥对关键词hash值加密,然后与保存的关键词密文进行匹配,相同则返回密文数据,不同则提示查询出错。此外对个人医疗数据的其他字段采用DES与RSA的混合加密方式。该方法不仅保障了系统的性能,而且有效地保护了用户数据的机密性与隐私性。     

基于并行和变参数的混沌hash函数的构造与性能分析*

提出了一种基于可并行和变参数的混沌分段线性映射hash函数算法。该函数通过明文扩展将并行处理的明文消息矩阵元素信息关联起来,实现了并行性。由矩阵元素位置标号决定的可变参数和矩阵元素相应的ASCII码值分别作为混沌分段线性映射的输入参数和迭代次数来生成相应明文的中间hash值。最终的128 bit的hash值由中间hash值的异或而得到。计算机模拟表明,本算法具有较好的单向性、混乱、扩散性以及抗碰撞性,满足单向hash 函数的各项性能要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.