Image Restoration by Lifting‐Based Wavelet Domain E‐Median Filter

In this paper, we propose a method of applying a lifting‐based wavelet domain e‐median filter (LBWDEMF) for image restoration. LBWDEMF helps in reducing the number of computations. An e‐median filter is a type of modified median filter that processes each pixel of the output of a standard median filter in a binary manner, keeping the output of the median filter unchanged or replacing it with the original pixel value. Binary decision‐making is controlled by comparing the absolute difference of the median filter output and the original image to a preset threshold. In addition, the advantage of LBWDEMF is that probabilities of encountering root images are spread over sub‐band images, and therefore the e‐median filter is unlikely to encounter root images at an early stage of iterations and generates a better result as iteration increases. The proposed method transforms an image into the wavelet domain using lifting‐based wavelet filters, then applies an e‐median filter in the wavelet domain, transforms the result into the spatial domain, and finally goes through one spatial domain e‐median filter to produce the final restored image. Moreover, in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method we compare the result obtained using the proposed method to those using a spatial domain median filter (SDMF), spatial domain e‐median filter (SDEMF), and wavelet thresholding method. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to SDMF, SDEMF, and wavelet thresholding in terms of image restoration.     

Lifting-based wavelet domain adaptive Wiener filter for image enhancement

A method of applying lifting-based wavelet domain Wiener filter (LBWDMF) in image enhancement is proposed. Lifting schemes have emerged as a powerful method for implementing biorthogonal wavelet filters. They exploit the similarity of the filter coefficients between the low-pass and high-pass filters to provide a higher speed of execution, compared to classical wavelet transforms. LBWDMF not only helps in reducing the number of computations but also achieves lossy to lossless performance with finite precision. The proposed method utilises the multi-scale characteristics of the wavelet transform and the local statistics of each subband. The proposed method transforms an image into the wavelet domain using lifting-based wavelet filters and then applies a Wiener filter in the wavelet domain and finally transforms the result into the spatial domain. When the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is low, transforming an image to the lifting-based wavelet domain and applying the Wiener filter in the wavelet domain produces better results than directly applying Wiener filter in spatial domain. In other words each subband is processed independently in the wavelet domain by a Wiener filter. Moreover, in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method the result obtained using the proposed method is compared to those using the spatial domain Wiener filter (SDWF) and classical wavelet domain Wiener filter (CWDWF). Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance over SDWF and CWDWF both visually and in terms of PSNR.     

最小误差空域预滤波矩阵求解及误差分析

建立了空域矩阵滤波器设计最优化问题,利用两种方法给出该最优化问题的最优解。第一种方法是通过将最优化问题转化为以向量为未知数的另一个最优化问题,并求解稳定点,重排获得原问题的最优解。第二种方法是利用对原最优化问题求偏导数的方式,直接获得最优解。利用广义奇异值分解,给出了最优解的简化形式。通过仿真,给出了不同阵元数情况下,预滤波的响应效果,通过对比可知,与恒定阻带抑制滤波器相比,最小误差空域预滤波矩阵有更小的归一化响应误差。     

Improving resolution for array processing by new array geometry andspatial filter

A new array processing method based on a new array geometry and a spatial filter to improve the resolution is presented. The array aperture can be increased by the new array geometry. The spatial frequency aliasing can be removed and the effective signal-to-noise (SNR) can be raised by the spatial filter. Simulation results are presented to illustrate that the performance obtained by the new method is much better than that obtained by the existing methods     

Fusion of hyperspectral and panchromatic images with guided filter

Guided filter has been widely used in image fusion. However, most of the guided filter-based fusion methods generate the spatial detail image by making a compromise between the spatial detail of the panchromatic (PAN) and that of the hyperspectral (HS) intensity component. The intensity component cannot well present the edge and texture features of the HS image. The spectral distortion usually occurs due to the injected redundant spatial detail. To overcome this problem, this study presents a novel HS image fusion method by taking the advantage of the guided filter. The characteristics of the PAN and HS images are simultaneously considered. The guided filter is employed to generate the spatial detail image of each HS image band successively. The generated spatial detail image is further optimized by minimizing the difference between each band of the spatial detail image and its corresponding band of the HS image, with the help of a novel injection gains matrix. Experiments performed on various satellite datasets demonstrate that the superiority of the proposed method in spectral maintenance and spatial quality aspects.     

基于经验模分解的小波阈值滤波方法研究

信号的多分辨经验模分解方法可以解释为以信号极值特征尺度为度量的时空滤波过程。这种时空滤波器充 分保留了信号本身的非线性和非平稳特征,在信号的滤波和去噪中具有较大的优势。本文提出了一种基于经验模分解的小 波阈值滤波去噪方法,并和小波阈值去噪、多尺度EMD滤波效果相比较。实验结果表明了基于经验模分解的小波阈值去 噪具有广泛的适用性和独特的去除非平稳信号的有色噪声的优势。     

基于动态分布的高功率激光器光束指向稳定性分析

将光束动态分布的概率分析加入到传统稳定性设计过程之中,提出了一种基于动态分布的光束稳定性分析方法,并以大型激光驱动器中的空间滤波器为分析对象,讨论了在不改变光学参数的基础上,如何利用该方法对滤波器的结构特性进行优化。结果表明,该方法能够对元件间的相对参数值提出要求,有别于传统方法仅着眼于提升单个元件的稳定性的设计思路。与传统方法共同运用,同时对光束的动态范围和分布类型进行优化,能够进一步改善系统的稳定性,为装置运行提供稳定可靠的基础平台。     

利用空域滤波虚光栅叠栅法提取干涉图波面

虚光栅叠栅条纹法是一种利用单幅干涉图提取波面信息的方法,为了解决叠栅条纹的滤波问题,提出了一种基于高斯函数的空域滤波法。利用高斯函数在空域中对叠栅条纹图进行模糊处理,滤除不需要的高频分量,仅保留包含波面相位信息的低频分量。重点研究了高斯函数滤波窗口的选择和干涉图的载频之间的对应关系。该方法具有计算量小、易于选取滤波窗口的优点。对一光学平面的面形测量结果表明,利用空域滤波虚光栅叠栅法提取的波面[峰谷(PV)值为0.080λ,均方根(RMS)值为0.020λ,λ=632.8nm]与利用Zygo GPI干涉仪的四步移相法得到的波面(PV值为0.079λ,RMS值为0.017λ)相吻合。     

基于MMSE编队卫星SAR高分辨率成像算法

针对编队卫星SAR的构型特点,根据编队卫星SAR回波信号的数学模型,给出了一种改进的成像算法:对每个接收机受到的回波信号进行最小均方误差滤波处理,并用空域滤波合成多颗接收卫星对应的单视复图像,从而得到高分辨率SAR图像。该方法充分利用系统的先验知识和不同接收机间的位置信息来实现高分辨率成像,突破了传统匹配滤波算法对SAR空间分辨率的限制,实现了均方差最小意义下的最优估计。仿真结果验证了本算法的有效性。     

一种新的红外小目标检测算法及其应用

针对红外探测系统中单帧红外图像中的小目标检测问题,在分析红外场景模型的基础上,提出了一种基于自适应噪声平滑和Robinson Guard背景杂波抑制的空间滤波算法.该方法对于起伏背景下红外小目标的检测和识别有良好的性能,且具有目标信息损失小的优点.利用ADSP-TS201S高性能数字信号处理器实现了该算法,并成功应用到全向红外搜索跟踪系统中.实验结果表明,在低信噪比情况下,所提出的单帧红外小目标检测算法有很好的检测性能.     

基于准十字窗口的中值滤波法在红外图像处理中的应用

中值滤波法是图像处理中一种非线性滤波技术,可对图像中的噪声进行有效的抑制,成为空域平滑的重要手段。针对中值滤波法的不足,提出一种基于准十字窗口的中值滤波方法。给出了抑制噪声、对图像边界最大保留的计算方法和运算步骤。并将其用于某型飞机实际红外图像处理实践,利用空间噪声曲线对该方法进行了验证。实践证明了其方法具有简单有效、易于编程实现、迭代性好、计算速度快的特点。     

Improvement of Lesion Detection in Scintigraphic Images by SVD Techniques for Resolution Recovery

The properties of singular value decomposition (SVD) are used to implement an SVD spatial domain pseudoinverse restoration filter. This type of filter is attractive for poor imaging conditions (low spatial resolution, high image noise) and is thus appealing for nuclear medicine images. The method might offer some advantages over more traditional frequency domain filter techniques since the restoration is performed on a local rather than global basis. High-contrast thyroid phantom images collected at different count densities and low-contrast liver phantom images were processed with the SVD filter. Restored images yielded improved spatial resolution, lesion contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio. The SVD pseudoinverse restoration filter implemented as an interactive process permits the operator to terminate filtering at a stage where the visually "best" image is obtained compared to the original data. Processed images suggest that the technique may have potential for improving lesion detection in nuclear medicine.     

基于均值漂移的自适应滤波及其在光谱信号处理中的应用

该文给出了一种基于均值漂移的自适应双边滤波方法,其性能仅取决于空域的核尺度参数,幅度域的核尺度是根据信号的局部特征自适应选取的。该方法能够去除脉冲噪声,能有效抑制非脉冲噪声,并有较强的边缘保护能力。实验和分析表明本文方法的整体性能优于高斯滤波和中值滤波。该文将所提出方法用于天体光谱的去噪,并与均值漂移滤波和小波硬阈值法进行了比较,结果表明:该方法能够有效抑制光谱中天光背景噪声和随机噪声,并能较好地保护谱线信息,更适于天体光谱信号的处理。     

Reducing periodic noise using soft morphology filter

A novel spatial domain method--soft morphology filter is presented for reducing the periodic noise in image processing. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in comparison with a frequency domain method and other spatial domain filters.     

基于注意力学习的正则化相关滤波跟踪算法

边界效应是制约相关滤波跟踪性能的一个重要因素.目前大多数方法只是简单地采用先验知识,如逆高斯分布,预设掩模等,或者分割前景目标作为正则化项,进行约束求解,并没有考虑目标的空时域特性.针对这一问题,本文提出一种基于注意力学习的正则化相关滤波跟踪算法.该方法考虑目标在空间中的分布特性,利用注意力机制学习目标的特定空间权重,适应目标在空域中的变化;同时利用目标在时域中的连续性,通过对注意力权重矩阵的约束来间接调整滤波器;最后通过交替方向乘子（ADMM）算法迭代优化模型.我们在标准的数据库上进行大量实验,结果表明本文算法能实时跟踪目标,并且在精确度和成功率上都有了一定的提升.     

Optimization-based design and implementation of multidimensional zero-phase IIR filters

This paper considers multidimensional infinite-impulse response (IIR) filters that are iteratively implemented. The focus is on zero-phase filters with symmetric polynomials in the numerator and denominator of the multivariable transfer function. A rigorous optimization-based design of the filter is considered. Transfer function magnitude specifications, convergence speed requirements for the iterative implementation, and spatial decay of the filter impulse response (which defines the boundary condition influence in the spatial domain of the filtered signal) are all formulated as optimization constraints. When the denominator of the zero-phase IIR filter is strictly positive, these frequency domain specifications can be cast as a linear program and then efficiently solved. The method is illustrated with two two-dimensional IIR filter design examples.     

一种基于运动检测的智能视频序列降噪算法

提出了基于运动检测的视频图像自适应滤波降噪算法,该算法能够智能地区分图像的静止部分和运动部分,并针对性地使用不同的滤波算法。实验结果表明,由于本算法充分利用了视频的空域、时域信息,能够显著提高图像的信噪比和图像的主观质量,比单纯的空域或时域滤波取得更好的效果。     

短中波红外长线阵拼接集成滤光片技术研究

空间光谱成像技术的发展使得探测器阵列与分光元件的集成成为一种趋势,长线阵拼接集成滤光片是空间多光谱成像仪实现焦平面集成分光的关键器件,在我国空间多光谱成像光学系统中需求明显。设计了4通道短中波红外长线阵拼接集成滤光片,采用离子束辅助轰击的电子枪蒸发方法制备了各通道窄带滤光片,利用专门研制的工装探索了拼接工艺,研制出了短中波红外长线阵拼接集成滤光片。测试结果表明:集成滤光片各通道平均透射率达到90%,最小带宽为230 nm （中心波长为4.95 μm）,光谱性能与设计结果吻合,满足性能指标要求。最小拼缝宽度仅为10 μm,拼缝不平行误差为1 μm,集成滤光片设计结构和拼接强度能够耐受抗振性试验。该集成滤光片已经在空间光学遥感仪器上成功应用。     

一种基于空域滤波的米波雷达测高新方法

针对米波雷达波束宽、易受阵地反射多径影响的问题,提出一种基于空域滤波的米波雷达低仰角测高新方法。首先该方法形成指向偏离搜索仰角的空域滤波器,并在搜索仰角及对应的多径反射角处形成两个零陷以对消目标直达回波和多径反射回波。然后,对阵列信号进行滤波,通过滤波后信号能量最小值的角度信息估计目标仰角和高度。与传统的高分辨算法相比,该方法对平坦及粗糙反射面均具有适应性,具有低运算复杂度和高测量精度。最后,计算机仿真和实测数据的处理结果验证了该算法可行有效。