Optimum location of surface wells for remote pressure relief coalbed methane drainage in mining areas

Based on engineering tests in the Huainan coal mining area,we studied alternative well location to improve the performance of surface wells for remote pressure relief of coalbed methane in mining areas.The key factors,affecting location and well gas production were analyzed by simulation tests for similar material.The exploitation results indicate that wells located in various positions on panels could achieve relatively better gas production in regions with thin Cenozoic layers,low mining heights and slow rate of longwall advancement,but their periods of gas production lasted less than 230 days,as opposed to wells in regions with thick Cenozoic layers,greater mining heights and fast rates of Iongwall advancement.Wells near panel margins achieved relatively better gas production and lasted longer than centerline wells.The rules of development of mining fractures in strata over panels control gas production of surface wells.Mining fractures located in areas determined by lines of compaction and the effect of mining are well developed and can be maintained for long periods of time.Placing the well at the end of panels and on the updip return airway side of panels,determined by lines of compaction and the effect of mining,would result in surface wells for remote pressure relief CBM obtaining their longest gas production periods and highest cumulative gas production.     

新集矿区煤层气地面开发技术探讨

作为国家煤层气示范开发区,针对新集矿区的地质条件及煤层气储存特点,选用地面垂直井开发煤层气的工艺技术,通过开发试验现场的＂1＋3＂井组工程的三口试生产井,成功地产出了煤层气,获得了单井最大日产气量3 728m3,排采三年后日产气量仍维持1 000m3。对其中的钻井、储层保护、水力压裂、排水、采气方面的关键技术的研究和实施,建立起一套适用于新集矿区地质条件及中国国情的煤层气钻井、完井、压裂和采气工艺技术。试验区地面垂直井开发煤层气的成功实施,也为矿区治理矿井瓦斯,提供了新的途径。     

Applicability of surface directional wells for upper Silesia Basin coal seams? drainage ahead of mining

Methods of exploitation drainage, which is presently applied in polish hard coal mines in Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland), are not effective enough, high risk of methane hazard can be observed, and production capacity of the mining plant is not fully used. Methane hazard, which may occur during planned coal exploitation, is presented in this paper. Following parameters are taken into consideration in the forecasts: coal extraction parameters, geological and mining conditions, deposit’s methane saturation degree and impact of coal exploitation on the degasification coefficient of the seams, which are under the influence of relaxation zone. This paper presents the results of the analysis aiming to verify applicability of drainage ahead of mining of the coal seams by using surface directional wells. Based on the collected data (coal seams’ structural maps, profiles of the exploratory wells, geological cross-sections), the lab tests of drilling cores and direct wells’ tests, static model of the deposit was constructed and suitable grid of directional wells from the surface was designed. Comparison of forecasted methane emission volume between the two methods is investigated. The results indicated the necessity of performing appropriate deposit’s stimulations in order to increase effectiveness of drainage ahead of mining.     

Reservoir reconstruction technologies for coalbed methane recovery in deep and multiple seams

Multiple coal seams widely develop in the deep Chinese coal-bearing strata. Ground in situ stress and coal seam gas pressure increase continuously with the increase of the mining depth, and coal and gas outburst disasters become increasingly severe. When the coal is very deep, the gas content and pressure will elevate and thus coal seams tends to outburst-prone seams. The safety and economics of exploited firstmined coal seams are tremendously restricted. Meanwhile, the multiple seams occurrence conditions resulted in different methane pressure systems in the coal-bearing strata, which made the reservoir reconstruction of coal difficult. Given the characteristics of low saturation, low permeability, strong anisotropy and soft coal of Chinese coal seams, a single hydraulic fracturing surface well for reservoir reconstruction to pre-drain the coalbed methane(CBM) of multiple seams concurrently under the different gas pressure systems has not yet gained any breakthroughs. Based on analyses of the main features of deep CBM reservoirs in China, current gas control methods and the existing challenges in deep and multiple seams, we proposed a new technology for deep CBM reservoir reconstruction to realize simultaneous high-efficiency coal mining and gas extraction. In particular, we determined the first-mined seam according to the principles of effectiveness and economics, and used hydraulic fracturing surface well to reconstruct the first-mined seam which enlarges the selection range of the first-mined seam. During the process of mining first-mined seam, adjacent coal seams could be reconstructed under the mining effect which promoted high-efficiency pressure relief gas extraction by using spatial and comprehensive gas drainage methods(combination of underground and ground CBM extraction methods). A typical integrated reservoir reconstruction technology, ‘‘One well for triple use", was detailed introduced and successfully applied in the Luling coal mine. The application showed that the proposed technology could effectively promote coal mining safety and simultaneously high-efficiency gas extraction.     

刘家勘探区煤储层特征及煤层气开发条件研究

研究了刘家勘探区煤储层特征及煤层气开发条件，认为研究区煤储层的煤级，孔隙性和渗透性相对较低，但地质构造简单，煤层气资源丰度高，煤储层厚度，含气量，含气饱和度，甲烷浓度，临储压力比，临界解吸压力等都较高，压力梯度基本正常，可采性以及煤层气开发和利用前景条件较好。并已被煤层气井排采试验结果所初步证实，同时，中也就区内今后的煤层气开发工作提出了某些建议。     

沁水盆地南部煤层气藏特征

以油气、煤田和煤层气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁南煤层气藏的特征.通过对气藏静态特征(包括煤层空间几何形态、煤层气成分和含量、储层物性、吸附特征、储层压力及封闭条件)和动态过程(包括煤层气形成、运移和聚集)的分析,指出晚古生代的煤层在经历了印支期和燕山期两次煤化作用生成的煤层气,在喜马拉雅期遭受了严重的调整与改造后逐渐形成现今的沁南煤层气藏.直接控制该煤层气藏中煤层气富集程度的因素为顶底板与边界断层.目前的高产煤层气井基本上都位于地下水滞流区.     

Evaluation and intelligent deployment of coal and coalbed methane coupling coordinated exploitation based on Bayesian network and cuckoo search

Coal and coalbed methane (CBM) coordinated exploitation is a key technology for the safe exploitation of both resources. However, existing studies lack the quantification and evaluation of the degree of coordination between coal mining and coalbed methane extraction. In this study, the concept of coal and coalbed methane coupling coordinated exploitation was proposed, and the corresponding evaluation model was established using the Bayesian principle. On this basis, the objective function of coal and coalbed methane coordinated exploitation deployment was established, and the optimal deployment was determined through a cuckoo search. The results show that clarifying the coupling coordinated level of coal and coalbed methane resource exploitation in coal mines is conducive to adjusting the deployment plan in advance. The case study results show that the evaluation and intelligent deployment method proposed in this paper can effectively evaluate the coupling coordinated level of coal and coalbed methane resource exploitation and intelligently optimize the deployment of coal mine operations. The optimization results demonstrate that the safe and efficient exploitation of coal and CBM resources is promoted, and coal mining and coalbed methane extraction processes show greater cooperation. The observations and findings of this study provide a critical reference for coal mine resource exploitation in the future.     

淮北地区煤储层物性及煤层气勘探前景

研究了淮北地区地物构造演化及控气特征,结果认为：淮北地区印支期以来的构造演化对煤储层物性控制作用十分显著,以EW向的宿北断裂为界,北部地区煤层气勘探前景不佳,南部地区的东部,煤层的展布受褶皱形态的控制。在宿面向斜和南坪向斜中,煤层埋深、煤体结构、含气性、含气量和渗透率等储层物性均有利于煤层气的运移、聚集和保存,具有较好的煤层气勘探前景;临涣矿区强变形构造煤发育,煤体结构复杂,基本无勘探前景;涡阳矿区正断层发育,煤层气含量相对较小,但渗透性较好,值得进一步深入研究。     

煤层气压裂技术研究

煤层气与常规天然气有较大差异,采用压裂施工可达到煤层气开发的理想效果。根据煤层气的特性,在施工中应注意压裂液、煤粉、压实性等因素所造成的伤害。     

Application of structural curvature of coalbed floor on CBM development in the Zaoyuan block of the southern Qinshui Basin

Based on controls of structural style and the position in coalbed methane(CBM)development,we used a method of curvatures to study its relations with CBM development parameters.We calculated structural curvatures of contours of the No.3coal seam floor of the Shanxi Formation in the Zaoyuan block of the Qinshui Basin and analyzed its relations with development parameters of coalbed methane wells.The results show that structural curvature is negatively related to coal reservoir pressure,while positively related to permeability.With an increase in structural curvature,the average production of coalbed methane wells increases at first and then decreases,reaching the highest production at 0.02 m-1 of structural curvature.Therefore,structural curvature can be an important index for potential evaluation of coalbed methane development and provide a basis for siting coalbed methane wells.     

河南省下二叠统山西组二_1煤煤层气储层描述

从煤厚、煤岩组成、煤级、煤体结构、裂隙系统、渗透性、吸附／解吸特性等方面对河南省的主可采煤层二１煤的煤层气的储层特征进行了详细论述．指出镜质组含量较高、割理比较发育、外生裂隙发育适中的原生结构煤和碎裂煤渗透性最好,是最有利的储层;外生裂隙发育适中的无烟煤是有利储层;碎粒煤为不利储层;糜棱煤为不可开发储层．临界解吸压力较高、含气量较高的中煤级煤分布区是煤层气勘探开发的首选地区．     

自进式水射流钻进技术在煤层气开发中的应用

自进式高压水射流钻进技术是在煤层气勘探井内布置机械或水力扩孔装置,对准选定的煤层进行扩孔后,下入特制的转向工具,在300mm的曲率半径内实现由垂直转向水平进行钻进.自进式钻头由旋转喷嘴、钻屑整合装置及推力提供装置等组成,其带动为其提供高压水动力的特制胶管向前连续钻进.高压水通过高压胶管为自进式钻头提供动力,进行钻进、推动及排渣.该技术可以在同一煤层气勘探井内的不同煤层内完成多个水平钻孔,这些径向水平钻孔可以沟通新的瓦斯流动通道,从而大幅度地提高煤层气产量.     

自进式水射流钻进技术在煤层气开发中的应用

自进式高压水射流钻进技术是在煤层气勘探井内布置机械或水力扩孔装置,对准选定的煤层进行扩孔后,下入特制的转向工具,在300mm的曲率半径内实现由垂直转向水平进行钻进.自进式钻头由旋转喷嘴、钻屑整合装置及推力提供装置等组成,其带动为其提供高压水动力的特制胶管向前连续钻进.高压水通过高压胶管为自进式钻头提供动力,进行钻进、推动及排渣.该技术可以在同一煤层气勘探井内的不同煤层内完成多个水平钻孔,这些径向水平钻孔可以沟通新的瓦斯流动通道,从而大幅度地提高煤层气产量.     

煤层气藏与常规天然气藏地质及开采特征比较

煤层气是一种与煤岩同生共体以甲烷为主要成分,主要以吸附状态赋存在沉积盆地煤层之中的可燃气体,也就是煤矿生产中有名的瓦斯气。煤层气藏作为一种非常规常气藏,从地质成因与特征,储集与开采特征以及储量评价多个方面,与常规气藏有着不同之处,因此对两种类型的气藏进行详细的比较与总结十分必要,同时也为煤层甲烷气开发与开采中的各项研究如煤层气藏工程,煤层气井试井,完井,煤层气藏模拟等奠定了基础。     

Method for predicting economic peak yield for a single well of coalbed methane

The development of coalbed methane (CBM) in China poses great difficulties because of high investments, low production and high risks. So a study of the economic effect of a single well at its preliminary stage is helpful for commercial exploitation of CBM. Affected by wellbore flow pressure, initial reservoir pressure, relative permeability, Langmuir pressure and other factors,the trend of declining production of a single CBM well agrees, by and large, with a hyperbolic pattern of decline. Based on Arps'sequation, nearly 200 wells production with different peak yields and initial rates of were simulated. Given the present cost of drilling, gas production and engineering on the ground, the gross investment for the development of a single coalbed methane well was estimated for the Fanzhuang block in central China. Considering the current industrial policies for CBM, we established an economic assessment model and analyzed economic peaks. The results show the economic benefits with or without government subsidies at different peak yields of a single CBM well. The results of the evaluation can be directly applied in the Fanzhuang block. The evaluation method, formulated in our study, can be used to other areas with similar conditions.     

煤田瓦斯涌出与地质因素关系的初步探讨

以苏邦井田几个开采中的矿井瓦斯地质统计资料为依据，对煤体中瓦斯涌出与井田的地质构造、煤层埋藏深度、围岩性质等地质因素之间的关系进行了探讨。     

煤矿深部开采煤层气含量计算的解析法

针对矿井深部煤层中地温和地应力梯度对煤的孔隙率和煤层渗透率的影响以及煤的吸附特性参数受温度影响变化的特点 ,在矿井深部煤层气压力解析算法的基础上 ,提出了考虑地温和地应力梯度影响的煤层气含量计算的新方法 .现场实测煤层气压力和理论计算的煤层气压力及煤层气含量的对比分析表明 ,该计算方法能较准确地反映现场实测结果 ,从理论上进一步完善了矿井深部煤层煤层气含量的计算方法 ,并对其分布规律的预测具有重要理论价值 .     

用常规黑油模型模拟煤层气开采过程

流体在煤层中的传输机理由两部分组成,气体在煤内表面解吸,并通过基岩和微孔隙扩散进入裂缝网络中。若岩块表面甲烷气体的释放速度比气,水相在煤层割理中的流动速度快得多,那么在模拟煤层气开采过程时,解吸动能可以不考虑,根据这个假设可认为：在给定压力下煤层吸附的甲烷气体量类似于相应压力下溶解在原油中的气体量,煤层中的朗格缪尔等温曲线可视为常规黑油油藏中的溶解气油比曲线。若将煤层表面的吸附气作为不流动油中溶解气来处理,那么可用常规黑油模型描述煤层气,而不需要对模型源码做会何修改,基于上述思路,用黑油模型模拟煤层气开采过程,并与用煤层气模拟软件（COMETPC）的计算结果进行了比较,趋势非常接近。     

鄂庄煤矿2煤层瓦斯地质规律研究

通过对鄂庄煤矿 2煤层采掘区井下钻孔瓦斯煤样直接法测试结果及勘探钻孔瓦斯样资料的综合分析 ,阐明了影响鄂庄井田 2煤层瓦斯赋存的主要地质因素和矿井未采区煤层瓦斯含量预测的思路和方法 .探讨了鄂庄井田 2煤层瓦斯赋存的规律 .在分析低瓦斯矿井瓦斯涌出特点和影响因素的基础上 ,指出瓦斯异常涌出是低瓦斯矿井瓦斯防治的重点     

平顶山矿区煤层气赋存特征及开发潜力

平顶山矿区二1煤层富含煤层甲烷气体,其资源量估算达302亿m3以上．本文通过对控制煤层气赋存的二1煤层的传层几何形态、地质特征、煤质变化、特别是物性特征的研究,指出本区二1煤层渗透性较好,渗透率随着围限压力增加而降低,且与判及发育程度、构造应力变化有密切关系．而二1煤层中的煤层气含量与煤层理深有着密切关系,随着深度增加而增加．通过综合分析指出了开发潜力较好的区块．