Austenitization Behaviors of X80 Pipeline Steel With High Nb and Trace Ti Treatment

The austenitization behaviors of two high niobium-containing X80 pipeline steels with different titanium contents, including the dissolution of microalloying precipitates and the austenite grain growth, were investigated by using physical-chemical phase analysis method and microstructural observation. The results illustrated that most niobium could be dissolved into austenite during soaking at 1180℃, whereas little amount of titanium could be dissolved. It was found that during soaking, the austenite grain growth rate was initially high, and then decreased after soaking for 1 h; moreover, the austenite grains grew up more rapidly at temperatures above 1180℃ than below 1180℃. The results show that the steel with titanium content of 0.016% has a larger austenite grain size than that with titanium content of 0.012% under the same soaking conditions, which is explained by considering the particle size distribution.     

Nb(C,N)溶解对高铌奥氏体晶粒长大行为的影响

为了定量研究铌对高铌钢加热过程奥氏体晶粒长大的影响,采用化学溶解过滤分离及电感耦合等离子光谱测定不同加热温度两种试验钢固溶铌质量分数,并对比研究了奥氏体晶粒长大行为。结果表明,在低温条件下,低铌钢固溶铌质量分数高于高铌钢;随加热温度升高,高铌钢固溶铌质量分数快速增加,但即使在1 300 ℃时,铌也不能完成固溶,少量铌存在于(Ti,Nb)(N,C)析出相中;奥氏体晶粒快速长大的温度与固溶铌质量分数快速增加的温度有关。随铌质量分数由0.082%增加到0.120%,奥氏体晶粒快速长大的临界温度由1 050升高到1 150 ℃。高铌钢在1 150～1 250 ℃加热温度范围内,奥氏体晶粒尺寸小于100 μm。     

铌对高钢级管线钢中第二相析出与奥氏体晶粒长大行为的影响

基于双亚点阵模型,计算了两种不同铌含量的高钢级管线钢在不同温度下Nb、Ti和Al的析出量,测定了不同加热温度和保温时间下奥氏体晶粒尺寸,建立两种钢奥氏体晶粒长大模型.发现Nb含量增加提高了其全固溶温度,并且温降过程中Nb析出量显著增多,在晶界两边析出的细小碳氮化物对奥氏体晶粒长大有显著的阴碍作用.高铌钢加热温度为1250℃时奥氏体晶粒显著粗化,预测模型也不同于1050~1200℃的模型,但相同保温温度下晶粒尺寸明显小于低铌实验钢.通过数据拟合计算出高铌钢的长大激活能远远高于低铌钢,再次证明高Nb的管线钢在1200℃以下能够有效地细化奥氏体晶粒,预测模型与实验值吻合较好.      

Austenite Grain Growth Behavior of X80 Pipeline Steel in Heating Process

Through changing soaking temperature and soaking time,austenite grain growth behavior of X80 pipeline steel under different heating conditions was studied. Relationships of average grain size to soaking temperature and time were obtained respectively. The results show that the prior austenite grains grow with the increase of soaking temperature and time. When soaking temperature is lower than 1180℃,austenite grain size and growth rate are small; when it higher than 1200℃,austenite grains grow rapidly and abnormal grain growth appears. For soaking at 1180℃,austenite grain growth rate is initially high and then decreases when soaking time exceeds 1h.     

均热温度对抗震钢筋奥氏体化及铌固溶的影响

摘要：通过热处理试验结合物理化学相分析实验,对含铌与不含铌的2种试验钢在不同均热温度下的奥氏体晶粒长大情况及含铌钢中铌的固溶规律进行研究。结果表明,均热温度低于1200℃时,含铌钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸均小于无铌钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸;随着均热温度的升高,含铌钢奥氏体中固溶的Nb逐渐增多;均热温度升至1200℃时,含铌钢奥氏体晶粒较无铌钢无明显细化。通过相分析试验研究实际Nb的固溶量与均热温度的关系,发现实际测量得到Nb未溶量随均热温度的升高而减小,对比Nb在奥氏体中的实际固溶与理论固溶的关系,寻找适合的含铌试验钢的理论模型。     

1000MPa级微合金化冷轧双相钢退火工艺及强韧化机制

摘要：通过热处理试验结合物理化学相分析实验,对含铌与不含铌的2种试验钢在不同均热温度下的奥氏体晶粒长大情况及含铌钢中铌的固溶规律进行研究。结果表明,均热温度低于1200℃时,含铌钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸均小于无铌钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸;随着均热温度的升高,含铌钢奥氏体中固溶的Nb逐渐增多;均热温度升至1200℃时,含铌钢奥氏体晶粒较无铌钢无明显细化。通过相分析试验研究实际Nb的固溶量与均热温度的关系,发现实际测量得到Nb未溶量随均热温度的升高而减小,对比Nb在奥氏体中的实际固溶与理论固溶的关系,寻找适合的含铌试验钢的理论模型。     

高强度船板钢奥氏体晶粒长大的规律

 利用光学显微镜和H 800透射电镜研究了不同加热温度和不同保温时间下高强度船板钢奥氏体晶粒长大规律。结果表明,该钢在高温加热时具有较好的抗晶粒粗化能力,奥氏体晶粒粗化温度在1250 ℃左右;在1100 ℃和1200 ℃保温时,奥氏体晶粒等温长大规律较好地服从抛物线型经验表达式;随着温度的升高,钢中的第二相质点逐渐减少,当加热至1250 ℃时,钢中仅存TiN颗粒。     

中锰马氏体NM500钢奥氏体晶粒长大行为

 中锰马氏体耐磨钢是一种新型的低成本高性能耐磨钢,揭示钢中奥氏体晶粒长大行为,并建立精确的预测模型,对其组织和性能的调控至关重要。利用Gleeble-3500型热模拟试验机、金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜等设备,系统研究了中锰马氏体NM500钢在不同加热温度和保温时间下的奥氏体晶粒长大行为,探讨了微合金第二相对奥氏体晶粒长大行为的影响。研究结果表明,加热温度对试验钢中奥氏体晶粒长大的影响明显大于保温时间,且试验钢中奥氏体晶粒长大行为受基体中V(C,N)粒子析出行为的影响,其可分为两个阶段。当加热温度小于950 ℃时,试验钢中存在大量未溶的纳米级球状和短棒状V(C,N)粒子,能够有效地钉扎奥氏体晶界,奥氏体晶粒长大缓慢;但当加热温度不低于950 ℃时,试验钢中V(C,N)粒子大量溶解和粗化。其中,加热温度为950 ℃、保温时间为60 min时,试验钢中V(C,N)粒子的体积分数仅为0.041%,平均粒径增大至45.78 nm。其对奥氏体晶粒的钉扎作用显著减低,且随着温度升高,原子扩散速度加快,奥氏体晶粒快速长大。基于Beck模型,建立了试验钢中奥氏体晶粒等温长大动力学模型,计算得到低温及高温阶段试验钢中奥氏体晶粒长大表观激活能分别为66.561 kg/mol和170.416 kJ/mol,且奥氏体晶粒的理论计算值与实测结果吻合较好。     

25Cr2Mo1VA钢奥氏体晶粒长大规律探讨

 为了研究不同加热温度和保温时间下25Cr2Mo1VA钢奥氏体晶粒长大规律,利用金相显微镜、TEM、EDS以及截距法分析了不同状态下奥氏体晶粒大小、形貌,析出相类型及其大小分布等。结果表明,当加热温度在900 ℃以下,试验钢的奥氏体晶粒长大缓慢且细小;随着温度加热至950 ℃,奥氏体晶粒出现了“混晶”现象,再加热超过1 000 ℃后,奥氏体晶粒异常长大。随保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒也会长大,但保温时间对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响没有加热温度显著。试验钢中出现近似球形状的析出相,即为富钒的非计量化合物M₈C₇析出相。根据Anelli改进模型和回归分析,建立了试验钢奥氏体晶粒长大的热力学模型,并结合析出相粒子对奥氏体晶粒钉扎作用,探讨了25Cr2Mo1VA钢的奥氏体晶粒长大规律及成因。     

再加热温度对含Nb，Ti钢第二相粒子固溶及晶粒长大的影响

 通过热力学计算和萃取复型分析技术,对高Ti含Nb钢中第二相粒子在不同加热温度下的固溶情况和奥氏体晶粒的长大规律进行了研究。结果表明：再加热温度低于1 180 ℃时,钢中Nb、Ti含量随温度升高显著增加。Nb、Ti固溶量分别在1 210 ℃和1 180 ℃以上趋于稳定;再加热温度在800~1 100 ℃时,以尺寸小于30 nm、分布较均匀的小粒子为主,呈球形,奥氏体晶粒尺寸在30 μm以下。再加热温度在1 180~1 210 ℃时,第二相粒子数量减少,尺寸多在100~200 nm之间,形态多为立方形和球形,奥氏体晶粒尺寸略微增加。随着再加热温度的进一步升高,析出粒子数量迅速下降,尺寸多为大于200 nm的方形粒子,此时奥氏体晶粒迅速长大至100 μm以上;析出粒子组成均为Nb、Ti复合的碳氮化物,其Nb/Ti原子比随温度升高而降低;试验钢的晶粒粗化温度为1 210 ℃,确定实际加热温度为1 180~1 210 ℃。     

盾构机轴承套圈用钢42CrMo连续加热奥氏体晶粒长大模型

基于盾构机轴承套圈用42CrMo钢的等温奥氏体长大模型,并利用相加性原则,建立了该钢在连续加热过程中的奥氏体晶粒长大模型。该建立的模型考虑了原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响,包括建立的在间隔时间（t_i-1,t_i）内晶粒尺寸d_i模型以及保温时间t_i^*模型。通过Gleeble-1500试验机,测试了42CrMo钢（/%:0.40C,0.23Si,0.60Mn,0.016P,0.001S,1.08Cr,0.22Mo）锻坯（终锻温度850℃）以100℃/s加热1000~1300℃,水冷后的奥氏体晶粒尺寸。结果表明,奥氏体化温度由1000℃增加至1100℃时,42CrMo钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸由16.3μm增至30.3μm;加热温度超过1100℃,晶粒尺寸急剧增加,1300℃时,奥氏体晶粒尺寸为112.5μm;奥氏体晶粒尺寸的模型预测值与实测值吻合较好。     

钛铌微合金化齿轮钢的奥氏体晶粒长大研究

 采用热模拟渗碳方法研究了Ti、Ti-Nb微合金化的20CrMnTi和20CrMnTiNb渗碳齿轮钢在930~1200℃的奥氏体晶粒长大规律。结果表明,添加0. 038%(质量分数,下同)的钛和0. 048%的铌的20CrMnTiNb钢中含有铌和钛的析出相,其粒子间距为0. 361μm;而含0. 054%的钛的20CrMnTi钢中仅含有较大尺寸的TiN析出相,粒子间距为0. 471μm,前者奥氏体晶粒粗化倾向明显低于后者。20CrMnTiNb钢经1000℃奥氏体化10h后奥氏体晶粒长大不明显,且无混晶现象,适合高温渗碳工艺。     

奥氏体化温度对奥氏体晶粒度及第二相固溶的影响

利用光学显微镜等研究了 SA5 1 6Gr60N 容器钢在不同奥氏体化温度下奥氏体晶粒尺寸的长大规律以及微合金元素 Nb、Ti、V 的固溶规律.研究结果表明,随着奥氏体化温度的升高,微合金元素 Nb、Ti、V 的固溶量逐渐增加;990~1 050 ℃时,原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加缓慢,晶粒细小均匀;1 070 ℃时晶粒出现异常长大现象,随后部分奥氏体晶粒急剧长大,不均匀性越来越明显;1 1 70~1 210 ℃时,奥氏体晶粒尺寸均匀化.     

加热工艺对Nb-Ti微合金钢奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

 为了解加热制度对Nb Ti微合金钢的奥氏体晶粒长大和析出行为的影响,采用OM、TEM和EDS分析技术,研究了Nb Ti微合金钢在不同加热温度和保温时间的奥氏体晶粒长大行为,以及微合金元素碳氮化物析出行为。结果表明,随加热温度升高,奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐长大,当加热温度超过1 200 ℃时奥氏体晶粒尺寸快速长大。随保温时间延长,奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐长大,当保温时间超过2.0 h时奥氏体晶粒尺寸快速长大。EDS分析显示Nb Ti钢中的析出物为(Nb,Ti)(C,N)复合相,随着加热温度升高和保温时间延长,析出相体积分数减少,尺寸增大,从而减弱对奥氏体晶粒的细化作用;Nb Ti微合金试验钢合适的加热温度范围为1 150～1 200 ℃,保温时间低于2.0 h。     

铌钛复合微合金化对含磷冷轧结构钢板组织性能的影响

以低碳含磷钢为研究对象,通过分析不同卷取温度（600、650、700℃）时热轧态和冷轧退火态的显微组织、力学性能及退火再结晶动力学行为,对比研究了微铌（0．02％）处理和铌钛复合微合金化（0．02％Nb＋0．012％Ti）对钢的组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,与微铌处理钢相比,铌钛复合微合金化钢在600℃卷取时析出物数量更多,在更高温度卷取时熟化速度更快,650℃卷取时即熟化到一定程度。低温（600℃）卷取时,铌钛复合微合金化钢的退火再结晶更难,800℃×30s连续退火可以保证完全再结晶。将温度继续升高至800℃以上,会导致强度下降,在一定程度上影响板卷之间的性能稳定性。     

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The influence of heating temperature and holding time of different Ti content of microalloy high strength steel on austenite grain size and the influence of the precipitation characteristics on mechanical properties were quantificationally investigated through the methods of metallography, phase analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that, under the heating temperature of 1000-1150?? and the same soaking time,the steel B has small size of austenite grain. However when the temperature rises to 1150?? and above, austenite grain size in steel B increases fast, bulky containing Ti precipitates almost have no side effect on austenitic grain growth. With Ti content in steel increasing, MC precipitated phase in steel A and B respectively is 7. 5%, 159. 0% of the total M3C precipitated phase. When the ratio of MC/M3C increases, the corresponding strength of steel also increases. The mass fraction of less than 10nm precipitation phase in steel A and B is 2. 2% and 21. 7%.     

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The precipitation behavior of MnS and AlN in low-temperature high magnetic induction grain-oriented silicon steel produced by thin slab casting and rolling process with ??acquired inhibitor method?? during continuous casting and soaking was studied by thermodynamic calculation. The calculated results show that AlN is likely to precipitate in ferrite after solidification. However, MnS can precipitate only in the two phase region of ferrite and austenite. Meanwhile, MnS and AlN in the steel can not be completely dissolved during the soaking stage. In addition, the abnormal growth of primary grain is not obvious after high-temperature nitriding, which indicates the number of inherent inhibitor in the steel is relatively sufficient before nitriding.     

低合金铜时效强化钢奥氏体化过程的动力学模型

摘要：通过高温金相试验,研究了一种船用低合金铜时效强化钢在不同加热温度和保温时间下的奥氏体晶粒长大行为和尺寸分布规律。结果表明：随着加热温度的升高,奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,并且在不同的温度区间,奥氏体晶粒具有不同的长大速度。随着保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒也逐渐长大,但加热温度越高,奥氏体晶粒长大速度越快。各加热温度及保温时间下奥氏体晶粒尺寸呈对数正态分布,且随着加热温度升高或保温时间延长,对数正态分布曲线峰值横坐标右移,峰值频率下降。通过对试验数据进行回归分析,建立了适用于本钢种的奥氏体晶粒长大的动力学模型,模型计算值与试验值吻合较好,平均相对误差小于5%,所建立的模型具有较高的精准性和可靠性。     

Austenite Grain Structures in Ti- and Nb-Containing High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel During Slab Reheating

Austenite-grain growth was investigated in a couple of microalloyed steels, one containing Ti and the other containing Nb, Ti, and V, using different reheating temperatures between 1273 K and 1523 K (1000 °C and 1250 °C). Nature and distribution of microalloy precipitates were quantitatively analyzed before and after reheating. Interdendritic segregation (or microsegregation) during casting can result in an inhomogeneous distribution of microalloy precipitates in the as-cast slabs, which can create austenite grain size variation (even grain size bimodality) after reheating. Ti addition reduced the grain size variation; however, it could not eliminate the grain size bimodality in Nb-containing steel, due to the differential pinning effect of Nb precipitates. A model was proposed for the prediction of austenite grain size variation in reheated steel by combining different models on microsegregation during solidification, thermodynamic stability, and dissolution of microalloy precipitates and austenite grain growth during reheating.     

In-situ observation on austenite grain growth of a Nb microalloyed high-carbon steel

It was reported in previous studies that the growth of austenite was inhibited by the pinning effect of Nb containing precipitates and the solute dragging effect of solute Nb. The effect of Nb on austenite grain growth of high carbon steel was investigated by laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Microstructure evolution during heating process of the tested steel was observed by in situ observation. The results show that even without the pinning effect of Nb containing precipitates (at high temperatures), Nb can hinder the growth of austenite grains due to the solute dragging effect of Nb. Two models were used to fit the austenite grain growth process, and the Beck growth models of Nb microalloyed high carbon steels at different heating temperatures were established. The austenite grain growth kinetics model considering the influence of heating temperature and holding time can accurately predict the austenite grain growth process of Nb microalloyed high carbon steels.