AOD炉的高效化冶炼模型

 以往的AOD炉高效化冶炼研究往往通过提高供氧强度,优化转炉的炉容比,提高终点命中率等技术缩短冶炼周期,需要充分利用现有的设备,优化炉料结构和供氧制度,对生产工艺参数进行优化,充分利用这些物理热和化学热,实现AOD炉的高效化冶炼。开发了AOD炉高效化冶炼模型,在AOD炉物料平衡和能量平衡的基础上,结合AOD炉冶炼的工艺特征,建立AOD炉耗氧量和冶炼周期模型,分析了AOD炉冶炼周期随着铁水比和废钢比的变化趋势,得出冶炼周期最短时的炉料结构。结果表明：电炉不锈钢母液加铁水冶炼时,冶炼周期随着铁水比的增加而增加。电炉不锈钢母液加废钢冶炼时,冶炼周期随着废钢比的增加而增加。铁水加废钢冶炼时,冶炼周期随着废钢比的增加而延长。以硅铁为发热剂比以碳粉为发热剂冶炼周期短。     

经济性冶炼含磷耐候钢的工艺开发

结合耐候钢的钢种特点,采用不加白灰的少渣冶炼方法,成功地开发出经济性冶炼含磷耐候钢的生产工艺,并分析了含磷耐候钢的经济性冶炼工艺对冶炼周期、终点磷含量、耗氧量、熔剂消耗、吹损的影响。实践表明,采用经济性冶炼含磷耐候钢工艺后,吹氧时间缩短1.14 min/炉,生产能力提高,成本明显降低,具有显著的经济效益。     

100t转炉氧枪喷头参数优化实践

针对鞍钢股份有限公司炼钢总厂100 t转炉冶炼供氧时间长、耗氧量大、钢铁料消耗高等问题,对原氧枪喷头参数进行了优化,包括喷头喉口直径、出口直径、中心倾角及氧枪枪位控制等。结果表明,氧枪喷头优化后,转炉冶炼供氧时间缩短约100 s,耗氧量降低1.81 m3/t,转炉终点钢水磷含量降低了0.01%,减少了点吹,降低了钢铁料的消耗。     

120 t顶底复吹转炉终点碳含量控制对钢水脱磷的影响

研究了120 t转炉在终点钢水平均温度1630℃,平均终渣碱度4.0时,终点[C]（0.029%~0.176%）对终点[P]和磷分配比的影响。34炉次冶炼结果表明,终点出钢磷含量随着碳含量的减小而降低,当碳含量低于0.06%时,有利于实现磷含量低于0.005%出钢;随着终点碳含量的降低,渣钢间的磷分配比增大,炉渣脱磷能力增强;在同等工艺条件下,终点碳含量越低,供氧时间越长,吹氧和碳氧反应对熔池的搅拌作用有利于进一步脱磷。     

转炉半钢冶炼脱磷技术研究

针对攀钢转炉半钢炼钢存在的成渣慢,脱磷率低,炉后回磷大的问题,通过对造渣工艺、供氧、复吹底部供气、终点控制等多方面技术的优化,提高了转炉脱磷率。生产实践表明,采用转炉单渣法冶炼平均脱磷率达到了90%以上,转炉终点磷可稳定控制在0.007%以下,炉后回磷在0.003%以下,满足了成品[P]≤0.010%的低磷钢的生产需求。     

200t顶底复吹转炉半钢冶炼深脱磷工艺实践

针对转炉终点钢水磷含量高且波动大的问题,对钢水深脱磷控制难点及影响脱磷的因素进行了分析,提出了采用"双渣高拉碳放渣"的深脱磷工艺路线;通过优化造渣制度、供氧和底吹气制度、枪位控制和终点控制等脱磷工艺,9炉34CrMo4钢的冶炼结果表明,钢水脱磷率达84.6%,终点渣-钢磷分配比L_p达到90.1,实现了转炉终点钢水[P]≤0.006%的稳定控制,并通过采用滑板挡渣及顶渣改制等减少回磷的技术措施,具备了批量生产磷含量小于0.010%的低磷钢种的能力。     

应用烟气分析冶炼低磷钢的生产实践

介绍了马鞍山钢铁股份公司第一钢轧总厂120t转炉应用烟气分析动态控制冶炼低磷钢的生产实践,制定合适的装入、造渣、供氧制度,优化过程控制,强化转炉脱磷效果,使转炉脱磷率达到93%以上、终点w(P)≤0.007%,确保了不倒炉直接出钢的冶炼模式。     

复吹转炉深脱磷技术在国内的应用与进展

国内钢厂采用复吹转炉深脱磷主要工艺有单渣法(冶炼低碳钢)、单炉新双渣法、两炉双联法.采用的前期脱磷工艺参数是:适当降低供氧强度、大幅度提高底吹供气强度、适当延长脱磷期时间、熔池温度控制在磷、碳氧化反应转化温度之下、控制适当的炉渣碱度和T.Fe含量,复吹转炉的脱磷效果明显.冶炼低碳钢时,终点钢水w(P)可控制到0.004 8 ％～0.008 0％,冶炼中、高碳钢时,终点钢水w(P)可控制到0.01％的水平,达到深脱磷的目的.     

基于自适应模糊神经网络系统的转炉终点磷的预报控制模型

根据冶炼工艺和现场数据 ,对转炉终点磷含量的预报方法进行了研究。采用自组织神经网络模式识别方法对 30 3炉现场数据进行了分类 ,分析了转炉冶炼各变量对终点磷含量的影响 ,确定了终点磷含量的控制变量 ,建立了基于自适应模糊神经网络系统的转炉终点磷含量的预报控制模型。研究表明 ,本模型能够对终点磷含量进行很好的预报和控制。模型计算值与实际值的相关性达到 0 .5 86 7;磷含量 (质量分数 ,% )控制在± 0 .0 0 3范围内的命中率达到 79.2 1%。该模型以低于目标值 0 .0 0 4 %的磷含量来对冶炼过程进行控制 ,冶炼合格率超过 91%。     

120t转炉高碳出钢工艺研究和应用

理论计算高碳出钢冶炼所需的铁水比较常规工艺高2.9%。研究了转炉冶炼前期的脱磷规律。结果表明:转炉冶炼前期炉渣碱度控制在1.8～2.2,炉渣FeO含量控制在15%左右,熔池温度控制在1 400～1 450℃,转炉冶炼前期平均脱磷率可控制在75%。优化了冶炼过程的供氧制度、加料制度、底吹制度等,转炉终点碳含量可由原来的0.07%提高到0.21%,终点磷含量可由原来0.016%降低到0.011%。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.