均匀化退火对低Fe/Si比Al-Mn合金微观组织演变的影响（英文）

主要研究了双辊轧制的低Fe/Si比Al-Mn合金在不同均匀化处理过程中的微观组织演变情况。当对合金进行550℃/4 h的均匀化处理时,合金表面的晶粒组织从典型的纤维组织转变成粗大的长条状再结晶晶粒组织。合金心部的晶粒组织则随着均匀化温度的升高而趋向于等轴化。当对合金进行450℃/4 h和500℃/4 h的均匀化处理时,粗大的初生相开始破碎,当均匀化温度升高至550℃时,破碎的初生相发生粗化。在450℃/4 h和500℃/4 h的均匀化处理条件下,弥散相在均匀化过程中的演变主要受形核和长大机制控制,而在550℃/4 h的均匀化条件下,弥散相的粗化和回溶成为主要机制。当对合金进行500℃/4 h处理时,大量细小的含Zr弥散相从过饱和固溶体中析出。     

等温热处理对B细化Al-7Si合金α相形态及性能的影响

研究了热处理温度和保温时间对B细化Al-7Si合金的α相形态与硬度的影响,并确定了最佳热处理工艺.结果表明:在450℃,当保温时间由3h延长到12h,初生α相的形态由不规则的枝晶向均匀的粒状等轴晶再向蔷薇状组织转变,保温6h时晶粒形态最理想;在300～540℃保温8h时,随温度的升高,初生α相逐渐由发达的树枝晶向蔷薇状枝晶和粒状晶转变,在400℃和450℃时,可得到尺寸较小、分布均匀的粒状初生α相,在450℃以上保温时,初生α相又开始向粗大、无规则形态演变.通过正交试验可知,最佳热处理工艺是(540±10)℃×6h.     

6070铝合金的均匀化热处理

通过OM、SEM、EDS、DSC和电导率等测试方法,研究了6070合金的均匀化热处理工艺及微观组织演变。结果表明,6070合金铸态组织中,大量非平衡凝固产生的一次相Mg₂Si沿晶界聚集分布,圆盘状Q相分布于晶内。合金经535℃×12 h均匀化处理后,铸态一次相基本回溶,均匀化效果较好。均匀化后合金元素主要以细小弥散相形式在铝基体中析出,导致合金导电率升高。550℃为合金起始过烧温度,合金组织中开始出现近似三角形的复熔相和晶界复熔变宽的过烧特征,随着均匀化温度的升高和时间延长,合金过烧加重,导电率下降,晶粒和含Mn弥散相尺寸变大,同时形成粗大过烧相Q相。     

2E12合金均匀化处理工艺对微观组织的影响

采用SEM、DSC测试等手段研究了2E12合金铸锭的均匀化处理工艺以及微观组织在均匀化过程中的演变规律。结果表明:合金铸锭的晶界处连续分布着粗大的α+θ+S共晶组织,主要合金元素存在不同程度的偏聚。其中,Cu元素偏聚最为严重,而Mn元素偏聚程度较为轻微。在490~500℃均匀化时,合金粗大相的溶解速率对温度十分敏感,随着温度的升高粗大相的溶解速率迅速增加。当均匀化温度达到495℃以上时,合金容易出现过烧现象。采用485℃/24 h+495℃/8 h的双级均匀化处理制度,合金粗大相的溶解效率较高且不存在过烧迹象。     

固溶处理对J75钢组织及性能的影响

利用荧光光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜、光学显微镜及显微硬度计等研究固溶温度对J75钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,固溶温度在900~980 ℃时,J75钢晶粒大小适中、尺寸均匀、没有明显混晶现象,随固溶温度升高晶粒粗化,强度及硬度降低,塑性及韧性升高,并有细小g¢-Ni3(Al, Ti)相均匀弥散析出;而当固溶处理温度从1000 ℃升高到1100 ℃时,晶粒继续粗化,组织中出现明显混晶及晶粒粗大现象,不适合工程应用。     

固溶处理对高纯7055铝合金组织的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射谱仪研究了固溶处理对高纯7055铝合金组织的影响。结果表明:合金固溶时,粗大的初生AlZnMgCu相溶解缓慢,并逐渐球化;而初生AlZnMgCuFeTi相几乎不溶解。固溶温度越高(460-480℃),时间越长(0-240min),初生AlZnMgCu相溶解越多,再结晶越多,晶粒尺寸越大。再结晶主要于初始晶界上的粗大初生相上形核(PSN机制),并向弥散Al3Zr粒子少的变形晶粒内部长大。490℃固溶时,出现过烧组织,晶粒粗大。分级固溶较单级固溶可更好的控制合金组织,如460℃×120min 480℃×60min与480℃×180min相比,再结晶和晶粒尺寸小得多,但初生AlZnMgCu相溶解程度相差不大。     

热处理对B细化Al-7Si合金中α相形态及硬度的影响

研究了热处理温度和保温时间对B细化Al-7Si合金中的α相形态与硬度的影响,并确定了最佳热处理工艺.结果表明,在450 ℃下,随着保温时间由3 h延长到12 h,初生α相的形态由不规则的树枝晶向均匀的粒状等轴晶、再向蔷薇状组织转变,保温6 h时晶粒形态最理想;在300～540 ℃之间保温8 h时,随着温度的升高,初生α相逐渐由发达的树枝晶向蔷薇状枝晶和粒状晶转变;在400 ℃和450 ℃时,可得到尺寸较小、分布均匀的粒状初生α相;在450 ℃以上保温时,初生α相又开始向粗大、无规则形态演变.通过正交试验可知,最佳热处理工艺温度为(540±10) ℃,保温6 h.     

热处理工艺对Ti80合金显微组织的影响

用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等研究Ti80合金在3种热处理工艺下的显微组织与硬度。结果表明:当热处理工艺由900℃×1 h/AC改变至980℃×1 h/AC时,合金由等轴组织转变为双态组织,并伴随着初生α相的减少和球化、β相的增多、次生α相与α'马氏体形态的转变,但合金元素固溶规律无变化;经1020℃×1 h/AC热处理后,合金形成片层组织,初生α相消失、次生α相呈长针丛状在粗大的原始β晶粒内平行分布,此时α'板条马氏体与α'孪晶马氏体共存且合金元素分布较均匀;随热处理温度的升高,合金硬度先降低后升高。     

热轧及热处理对Mg-Y-Nd合金组织的影响

考察热轧工艺及随后热处理对Mg-Y-Nd合金组织演变的影响。结果表明：低温(＜500℃)轧制时,大量稠密析出相的出现致使轧制性能极大地降低且组织难以细化;在固溶温度下轧制(525℃)时,晶粒极易粗化;当轧制温度略低于固溶温度时,轧制过程中会析出弥散的第二相粒子。这些粒子的存在没有恶化轧制性能且有效地钉扎晶界并抑制高温下再结晶晶粒的粗化。该合金的较佳轧制工艺如下：轧制温度为500℃、每道次轧制变形量为10%且总轧制变形量70%。热轧后,材料获得平均晶粒尺寸为30μm左右的组织,并产生较强的基面织构。固溶处理1h可有效地消除位错并维持细晶和基面织构。进一步增加固溶时间,晶粒发生粗化且织构变得分散。相比于均匀化态,经T6处理的热轧态Mg-Y-Nd合金的屈服强度提高176 MPa。     

均匀化制度对6014铝合金显微组织的影响

借助光学显微镜的明暗场像、差示扫描量热法、扫描电镜及透射电镜等手段,研究了不同均匀化制度对6014铝合金的组织、富铁相转变、元素分布和弥散相均匀性的影响。结果表明,6014铝合金铸锭中存在枝晶偏析现象和非平衡共晶组织,合金元素含量波动较大,晶粒为等轴晶。铸锭中的第二相含量明显高于单级和双级均匀化态,由于第二相形态和分布不同,可分为α-AlFeMnSi、β-AlFeSi、Mg₂Si和Q-AlCuMgSi相。采用560℃×4 h+540℃×6 h双级均匀化处理制度时,网状枝晶并未全部断裂,延长560℃一级均匀化保温时间至12 h时,较多的β-AlFeSi相转变为α-AlFeMnSi相。采用560℃×19 h单级均匀化处理时,枝晶基本由网状形态转变为链状形态。采用580℃×4 h+540℃×6 h双级均匀化制度时,弥散相α-AlFeMnSi分布较为均匀,延长580℃一级均匀化保温时间至12 h时,组织发生过烧,弥散相尺寸增大且在晶界周围富集。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.