析出相对含Ca镁合金腐蚀行为的影响

利用XRD、SEM、TEM和EDS等方法表征了Mg-Al-Zn-xCa(x=0、1.25%、1.74%、2.53%)合金腐蚀前后的组织结构,并采用失重法、电化学法、扫描探针显微镜(SPM)研究了合金腐蚀行为。结果表明：合金主要由α-Mg、β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂、Al₂Ca和(Mg,Al)₂Ca 组成。随着Ca含量的增加,合金组织中枝晶臂减小,主要沿晶界分布的Mg₁₇Al₁₂尺寸、数量逐渐减小, Al₂Ca由骨骼状连接成网状,(Mg,Al)₂Ca增多长大。腐蚀测试结果显示：添加Ca后的合金中α+β共晶减少,导致腐蚀通道变窄且比例减小。Ca元素能够使阳极自腐蚀电位升高,形成的Al₂Ca阴极相抑制了析氢过程。合金中主要析出相Al₂Ca 与α-Mg的电势差小于β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂与α-Mg的电势差。     

Mg-8.07Al-0.53Zn-1.36Nd轧制镁合金热处理过程中静态沉淀、再结晶及织构演变研究

采用SEM、EBSD、EDS等测试方法对不同热处理温度下Mg-8.07Al-0.53Zn-1.36Nd镁合金微观组织及织构进行表征。结果表明：热处理后的合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂沉淀以及含Nd化合物组成。400℃以下热处理后的合金中存在β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂沉淀析出区域和无析出区域双峰组织,主要沿变形带和孪晶界面析出的大量纳米级颗粒状β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂沉淀先于α-Mg基体静态再结晶的形成。升高退火温度,β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂数量变少,稀土相尺寸数量未有明显变化,双峰组织中的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂沉淀无析出区域优先发生静态再结晶,这表明沉淀颗粒能够延缓静态再结晶。400℃热处理后的合金中β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂沉淀溶解、数量显著减少,镁基体发生完全再结晶且再结晶晶粒明显长大。EBSD结果显示,热处理后的实验合金织构主要以弱化的基面织构为主,并伴有部分非基面织构,400℃以下热处理的合金中,数量较多的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂沉淀对弱化基面织构具有重要作用。随着热处理温度的升高,合金中位错密度下降,主要织构组分由{0001}<10-10>形变织构向{0001}<11-20>再结晶织构转变。     

铸态Mg-Li-Al-xSi合金微观组织和力学性能

本文通过真空熔炼炉在氩气保护下制备了Mg-9Li-3Al-xSi(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0 wt%)合金。实验使用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),力学性能测试和X射线衍射(XRD)研究合金的微观组织和力学性能。实验结果表明：铸态Mg-9Li-3Al合金组织中主要由α-Mg、β-Li、Mg₁₇Al₁₂相组成。加入Si后,合金中出现了新相Mg₂Si,晶粒得到了明显细化;当合金中的Si含量过高时,α-Mg相粗化,且会在相界处出现块状和汉字状的Mg₂Si相。合金的强度随着Si含量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,合金的延伸率随着Si含量的增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势。当合金中Si含量为0.1%时,抗拉强度达到最大值182.5MPa,延伸率为12.1%,相比未添加Si的Mg-9Li-3Al合金,抗拉强度提高了59.6%。     

喷射成形Mg-9Al-xZn合金的微观组织演变

利用喷射成形技术制备AZ91、AZ92和AZ93镁合金沉积柱坯,并对其微观组织演变进行观察.结果表明:铸态普通凝固AZ91合金的晶粒粗大,脆性β-Mg17Al12相连续分布成网状结构;而喷射成形AZ91、AZ92和AZ93合金的组织均匀,晶粒被充分细化,β-Mg17Al12相的网状结构被打破;喷射沉积快速凝固条件下高的冷却速率促进了过饱和α-Mg固溶体组织的形成,使得偏析相减少,形态改善;Zn含量的增加降低了Al在Mg中的溶解极限,促进了β-Mg17Al12相在晶界的析出及α-Mg+β-Mg17Al12离异共晶组织的形成;Zn元素的偏析倾向为激活成分过冷区内的形核质点提供了驱动力,从而阻碍了晶粒长大.     

快速凝固对微量Y添加Mg-4Al-2Zn合金显微组织,压缩性能及腐蚀行为的研究

本文通过常规铸造与快速凝固法成功制得两类Mg-4Al-2Zn-xY(AZ42,x: 0.5, 1.0 wt.%)镁合金,并系统研究了快速凝固对微量Y添加后AZ42合金组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,快速凝固工艺较传统铸造相比可显著细化AZ42合金的微观组织并提高合金的力学性能和耐腐蚀特性。AZ42合金加入Y元素后组织主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相和Al₂Y相构成。此外,微量Y添加可显著细化AZ42合金的组织并改善网状β相分布,从而提高合金的力学与耐腐蚀性能;其中,当Y添加量为0.5%时可获得最佳综合性能。     

铸态Mg-Sn-Al-Zn合金组织和力学性能

利用纯镁、锡粒、纯锌和AZ31合金制备Mg-Sn-Al-Zn系合金,通过调整Sn、Al和Zn含量来研究Mg-Sn-Al-Zn系合金的组织和性能,以获得设计合金的成分范围。通过光学显微金相观察、XRD分析以及硬度测试,研究了添加量5wt%~8wt%Sn、2wt%~3wt%Al、1wt%~2wt%Zn的铸态Mg-Sn-Al-Zn系显微组织与力学性能。实验结果表明:Mg-Sn-Al-Zn系合金主要由α-Mg、Mg2Sn相以及较少量的β-Mg17Al12和τ-Mg32(Al,Zn)49相组成,β-Mg17Al12和τ-Mg32(Al,Zn)49相沿枝晶间断续分布。提高Sn含量,可细化枝晶,Sn是影响合金力学性能的主要因素。Al、Zn含量提高时,可提高合金固溶强化效果,而且Al强化效果优于Zn。     

Mg-8.07Al-0.53Zn-1.36Nd镁合金微观组织及裂纹演变行为研究

利用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS等测试方法对Mg-8.07Al-0.53Zn-1.36Nd镁合金微观组织结构进行了表征与分析,并采用原位拉伸试验研究了合金显微组织对裂纹萌生及扩展行为的影响。研究结果表明：试验合金组织中主要包括α-Mg基体,β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂,α β共晶相,Al₁₁Nd₃针状相和Al₂Nd颗粒相。Al₂Nd存在孪晶结构,孪晶面为{11-1},Al₁₁Nd₃存在连续的凹凸界面结构。合金室温原位拉伸试验结果显示：裂纹主要在粗大的β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相内部萌生,裂纹扩展方式包括沿晶扩展和穿晶扩展方式。裂纹穿晶扩展主要归因于沿晶界分布的Al₁₁Nd₃、Al₂Nd相与周围组织界面结合能力较强,Al₁₁Nd₃凹凸界面对基体与共晶组织的啮合作用显著。     

铸态Mg-xAl(x=9, 12, 15)合金的组织结构及腐蚀行为研究

通过半连续铸造的方法制备了Mg-xAl(x=9, 12, 15)合金。采用XRD、OM和SEM分析研究了Al含量对铸态Mg-Al合金的组织结构变化的影响。同时,利用浸泡腐蚀实验和动电位电化学极化曲线研究了Mg-xAl(x=9, 12, 15)合金的耐蚀行为。最后,通过SEM观察去除腐蚀产物后样品表面形貌,研究了其腐蚀机理。结果表明：三种合金材料的组织都是由α-Mg相和β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相组成,而且β相含量随着Al含量的增多而增多。从而研究的三种合金中随β相的增多,合金的耐腐蚀性能逐渐增高,即Mg-15%Al合金的耐腐蚀性能最好,Mg-9%Al的最差。铸态Mg-Al合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡72小时后,表面都可以形成氧化膜,随着Al含量增高,膜层的稳定性增高。     

Zn对铸态及ECAP态Mg15Al合金组织与性能的影响

采用XRD、SEM、EDS和拉伸试验,研究添加Zn元素前后铸态和等通道转角挤压(ECAP)态Mg15Al高铝镁合金的组织和力学性能。结果表明,Zn添加到Mg15Al合金中,主要固溶于β-Mg17Al12相,不生成新相。能够促进铸态Mg15Al合金中α-Mg晶粒细化,使β-Mg17Al12相质量分数增加,以及网状化加剧;使ECAP挤压后Mg15Al-1Zn合金中α-Mg基体晶粒平均尺寸由ECAP态Mg15Al合金的11.3μm减少到8.73μm,促进了β-Mg17Al12相的碎化和均匀分布;ECAP挤压能显著提高Mg15Al-1Zn和Mg15Al合金的综合力学性能,ECAP态Mg15Al-1Zn合金的抗拉强度较铸态合金提高了86%,ECAP态Mg15Al合金抗拉强度较铸态提高了60%,而且在屈服强度和塑性变化不大的情况下,ECAP态Mg15Al-1Zn合金比ECAP态Mg15Al合金室温抗拉强度提高了61.8MPa。说明Zn元素添加,能促进ECAP挤压对Mg15Al合金的晶粒细化效果,提高合金的综合力学性能。     

AZ80+xSr合金的组织和Sr的存在状态

本文通过OM、XRD、SEM、EDS、DSC和拉伸试验,研究了AZ80＋xSr合金的显微组织和拉伸性能,分析了Sr元素的存在状态及其在合金中的分布,探讨了Sr元素在合金中的作用。结果表明,AZ80＋xSr合金的显微组织主要由基体α-Mg和化合物β-Mg17Al12相组成,含Sr量少的合金没有形成Mg-Sr相,而含Sr较高时可形成高温稳定相Mg17Sr2相;微量Sr元素分布在晶界上,Sr在合金中可能以两种形式存在：以固溶形式固溶在β-Mg17Al12相中,或在含量高时和Mg结合生成化合物Mg17Sr2相。Sr的加入使合金晶粒明显的细化,随Sr含量的增加沿晶分布的化合物相增多增厚;Sr含量进一步增加,化合物呈断续网状结构;加Sr后合金的抗拉强度提高20-25MPa,伸长率提高40%-100%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.