聚丙烯的官能化及与尼龙1010相容性研究

对聚丙烯(PP)进行官能化,并研究了接枝单体含量、引发剂含量对接枝率和熔体流动速率的影响,再将不同接枝率的PP与尼龙1010共混,研究了接枝率对共混物机械性能及相容性的影响;用扫描电子显微镜观察共混物的形态,与未增容共混体系相比,增容后共混体系分散相尺寸明显变小。     

聚丙烯接枝衣康酸增容PA6／PP共混物性能及形态研究

采用反应型双螺杆挤出机和熔融接枝技术制备了一系列聚丙烯（PP）接枝物，包括单一单体接枝物PP接枝衣康酸（PP-g-ITA）和双单体接枝物PP接枝ITA和苯乙烯[PP-g-（ITA-co-St）]，通过红外光谱和热分析研究了PP接枝物的结构，并研究了PP接枝物的接枝率和熔体流动速率与单体和引发剂用量的关系。通过反应挤出制备了PP接枝物增容PA6／PP共混物，研究了增容共混物的力学性能和形态结构。结果显示：加入接枝物后，共混体系的冲击强度明显提高；SEM观察表明，接枝物的加入能明显改善增容共混物的两相界面结合状况，降低共混物的分散相尺寸，改善体系的分散状况，共混物的两相界面变得模糊，相容性得到明显提高；DSC测试表明，加入接枝物后，共混物中PA6组分的结晶度下降，PP组合的结晶度上升。表明PP-g-ITA是PA6／PP共混体系有效的增容剂兼增韧剂。     

PTT/PP-g-MAH/PP共混材料形态和流变性能研究

以毛细管流变仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)/聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)/聚丙烯(PP)共混体系的形态和流变行为。讨论了共混物的组成、增容剂含量对共混物的形态、熔体流变行为的影响。结果表明:PP-g-MAH改善了PP与PTT的相容性,PP在PTT连续相中分散均匀,分散相尺寸随着增容剂含量的增加而减小。共混物熔体为假塑性流体,其非牛顿指数n、熔体黏度、黏流活化能随增容剂含量的增加而降低。     

PP/PA6复合材料增容改性研究进展

聚丙烯和尼龙6(PP/PA6)共混物是热力学不相容体系,其研究和开发的关键是增容技术和机理。本文综述了近年来PP/PA6复合材料增容改性的研究进展,重点介绍了PP的官能化,马来酸酐型、羧基,羟基型、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯型等增容剂以及多单体熔融接枝物在PP/PA6复合材料增容改性中的应用,并对PP/PA6增容改性发展趋势作了展望。     

PP-g-MAH对PP/PA6共混物的增容作用

采用熔融接枝法,考察了单体和引发剂用量对聚丙烯(PP)/马来酸酐(MAH)接枝物接枝率的影响。将PP-g-MAH作为PP/尼龙6(PA6)共混物的增容剂,并利用SEM、XRD、DSC-TGA和万能试验机等测试手段对PP-g-MAH增容改性PP/PA6共混体系进行了研究。结果表明,PP-g-MAH接枝物对PP/PA6共混物具有良好的增容效果,PP结晶得到细化,共混物的力学性能和耐高温性能得到改善。     

增容剂对PUR-T/PP共混体系形态与性能的影响

利用双螺杆挤出熔融共混方法制备了以癸二胺、十二碳二胺分别与聚丙烯(PP)接枝物的共聚物(分别记为PN1和PN2)及EPDM-g-MAH作为增容剂的热塑性聚氨酯(PUR-T)/PP(质量比为80∶20)共混体系,考察了不同增容剂对共混体系力学性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同体系的微观形态进行了观察。结果表明,3种增容剂的增容效果由大到小的排列顺序为:PN2>PN1 EPDM-g-MAH,这主要是由于接枝在PP上的氨基与PUR-T的反应活性远远高于MAH基团,因此以PN1和PN2增容的体系表现出更好的协同作用,从而使得共混体系具有较高的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和较稳定的形态结构,且当增容剂含量为5份时,共混体系的性能最好。     

PA6/PP/SEBS-g-MAH共混物的相容性研究

采用马来酸酐接枝(氢化苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(SEBS-g-MAH)作为增容剂,研究了增容剂用量对尼龙6/聚丙烯(PA6/PP)共混体系相态结构、力学性能的影响,以及在相同增容剂用量下不同PA6、PP配比对体系相形态的影响。结果表明,SEBS-g-MAH中的酸酐基团能与PA6末端的氨基发生化学反应,在PA6和PP的内表面形成PA6-SEBS接枝共聚物,明显改善了两相的界面相容性,并使共混物的力学性能得到显著提高。共混物冲击断面形貌的分析表明,共混物发生了明显的脆韧转变。     

马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯及其应用研究

为制备NBR/PP共混物的增容剂,用机械共混法研制了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯,并将其应用于NBR/PP共混物的增容,得到了满意的效果。本文对接枝反应机理及引发剂量、马来酸酐量、接枝温度、接枝时间等对马来酸酐接枝率及接枝效率的影响作了系统研究,并给出了最佳工艺条件和应用实例。     

丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯对聚丙烯／环氧化三元乙丙橡胶共混体系形态和性能的影响

研究了丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯（PP—g-AA）作为增容剂对聚丙烯（PP）／环氧化三元乙丙橡胶（eEPDM）共混体系形态和性能的影响。结果表明，在以PP为连续相而eEPDM为分散相时，PP—g-AA的加入大大提高了两相间的相容性，导致eEPDM分散相的细化；PP—g-AA中的羧基与eEPDM中的环氧基团发生了化学反应，形成了接枝共聚物，降低了PP／eEPDM之间的界面张力，起到了很好的界面增容剂的作用，对共混体系韧性的提高非常有利。     

增容聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯共混物的相形态

综述了作为增容剂的接枝共聚物与嵌段共聚物,反应增容,其他技术增容以及共混条件对聚丙烯／聚苯乙烯(PP,PS)共混物的相形态研究进展。PP／PS共混物通过增容可以改善共混物相形态和提高界面粘结,这为提高PP／PS共混物的物理与力学性能提供了依据。     

Compatibilization of PP/SEBS-MAH blends by grafting Glycidyl Methacrylate onto Polypropylene

Summary In this paper, the glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) was grafted to Polypropylene(PP) macromolecular backbone by melt radical grafting. The grafted PP-g-GMA was used to compatibilize PP/SEBS-g-MAH blend in a Haake apparatus. The result of Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) spectrum showed that the GMA had been grafted to PP. And the reaction between epoxy groups in the GMA and MAH groups in SEBS-g-MAH had taken place. The result of torque test showed that the torque values of the compatibilized blends were higher than that of the uncompatibilized blends. The observation of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the dispersed phase domain size of compatibilized blends decreased evidently than uncompatibilized blends. When the content of SEBS-g-MAH was 16 wt % and the PP-g-GMA was 2 wt % in the blend, the rubber particle size had a minimum value. Those indicated that the PP-g-GMA could compatibilize PP/ SEBS-g-MAH blends effectively. Notched Izod impact tests showed the addition of PP-g-GMA in the PP/SEBS-g-MAH blends induced a remarkable improvement of toughness and yielded a tougher PP blends.     

Morphology,thermal behavior,and mechanical properties of PA1010/PP and PA 1010/PP-g-GMA blends

The modification of polypropylene (PP) was accomplished by melt grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on its molecular chains. The resulting PP-g-GMA was used to prepare binary blends of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and PP-g-GMA. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to the nature and content of PA1010 used. Comparing the PA1010/PP-g-GMA and PA1010/PP binary blends, the size of the domains of PP-g-GMA were much smaller than that of PP at the same compositions. It was found that mechanical properties of PA1010/PP-g-GMA blends were obviously better than that of PA1010/PP blends, and the mechanical properties were significantly influenced by wetting conditions for uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends. A different dependence of the flexural modulus on water was found for PA1010/PP and PA1010/PP-g-GMA. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components and good dispersion in PA1010/PP-g-GMA blends. Thermal and rheological analyses were performed to confirm the possible chemical reactions taking place during the blending process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1489–1498, 1997     

PP-g-GMA的制备及其增容PP/PA6共混物的性能

通过熔融接枝反应制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-GMA）,并将其作为聚丙烯/聚酰胺6（PP/PA6）共混物的相容剂,研究了PP-g-GMA对PP/PA6共混物的力学性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明,采用滴定法测得PP-g-GMA接枝率为3.35 %;当PP-g-GMA的添加量为4 %（质量分数,下同）和8 %时,PP/PA6/PP-g-GMA共混物的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度分别较PP/PA6共混物提高了32.4 %和60.4 %;PP-g-GMA显著改善了PP/PA6 共混物的界面相容性,是PP/PA6共混物的有效增容剂。     

PP-g-GMA的制备及其改性PP/PA6合金性能

采用双螺杆熔融接枝的方法,在引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)作用下,将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和共单体苯乙烯(St)接枝到聚丙烯(PP)上。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱仪确定了接枝物的生成,采用酸碱滴定法测定了接枝率。探讨了GMA,St,DCP不同用量对PP接枝物的接枝率和熔体流动速率的影响,并将接枝产物PP–g–(St–co–GMA)加入PP/尼龙6(PA6)的合金中,通过注塑成型样条,测定其力学性能,并观察微观结构。结果表明,St的加入能够提高接枝率,抑制副反应的发生。在PP/PA6合金中加入接枝物PP–g–(St–co–GMA),其拉伸强度可提高46.45%,弯曲强度可提高32.47%,但对冲击强度影响不大。     

Relaxation behavior of polymer blends with complex morphologies: Palierne emulsion model for uncompatibilized and compatibilized PP/PA6 blends

This paper deals with the dynamic rheological behavior of polypropylene/polyamide6 (PP/PA6) uncompatibilized blends and those compatibilized with a maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6). The terminal relaxation times of the blends predicted by the Palierne emulsion model were compared with those obtained from experimental relaxation time spectra. The Palierne model succeeded well in describing PP/PA6 uncompatibilized blends with relatively low dispersed phase contents (10 wt%) and failed doing so for those of which the dispersed contents were high (30 wt%). It also failed for the compatibilized ones, irrespective of the dispersed phase content (10 or 30 wt%) and whether or not interface relaxation was taken into consideration. In the case of the uncompatibilized blend with high dispersed-phase content, interconnections among inclusions of the dispersed phase were responsible for the failure of the Palierne model. As for the compatiblized blends, in addition to particle interconnections, the existence of emulsion-in-emulsion (EE) structures was another factor responsible for the failure of Palierne model. A methodology was developed to use Palierne emulsion model upon taking into account the effects of the EE structure on the viscosity of the continuous phase and the effective volume fraction of the dispersed phase.     

PP-g-GMA在PP/PA合金中增容作用的研究

讨论了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）接枝聚丙烯（PP）的反应以及PP接枝GMA共聚物（PP-g-GMA）在PP/聚酰胺6（PA6）合金中的应用。结果表明,以过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）为接枝反应最佳引发剂,最佳工艺条件为：GMA：DCP=10-12：1,GMA的用量为6%,停留时间120-180s。同时,PP-g-GMA能够提高PP和PA6的相容性,从而改善合金的拉伸、韧性、亲水性和热性能。     

Relationship between interfacial tension and dispersed‐phase particle size in polymer blends. II. PP/PA6

Simple blends with different viscosity ratios of the components as well as compatibilized blends varying both in type and content of the compatibilizers were used to study the relation between the interfacial tension and the dispersed‐phase particle size for PP/PA6 (80/20 wt %) blends in this work. Four compatibilizing systems including poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) ionomers, a maleic anhydride‐grafted propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene, and a maleic anhydride‐grafted styrene ethylene butylene copolymer were used. For blends prepared in an internal mixer, a power‐law relation was found between the capillary number and the torque ratio of the blends' components. This relation was used to estimate the interfacial tension for the compatibilized blends. The relation between the steady‐state torque of the blends as a measure of viscosity and the estimated values of interfacial tension were also investigated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 54–63, 2003     

有机蒙脱土对PA6/PP合金体系的作用机制及其对材料性能的影响

研究了有机蒙脱土对PA6/PP合金体系的作用机制及其对材料性能的影响。结果表明,OMMT的添加可以提高体系的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量,但冲击强度会有某种程度的下降;OMMT主要分散在PA6连续相中,且当其添加量质量份数低于5%时,可以在PA6相中实现较充分的剥离;OMMT对PA6/PP合金体系有着显著的增容作用,这可能和片层对PP分散相凝聚时的阻隔,以及片层所起到的类似接枝物的增容作用有关;OMMT在PA6基体中被充分剥离后,将有利于使复合体系的拉伸强度、弯曲强度得到提高,但OMMT片层及和片层有关的类似接枝物的存在,将束缚并限制界面层附近PP相的屈服,而使材料冲击韧性下降。     

马来酸接枝PP增容PA6/PP合金的研究

研究了马来酸接枝聚丙烯(MAC-g-PP)的熔体流动速率(MFR)、接枝率与接枝配方的关系,PA6/接枝PP/PP合金的力学性能与接枝PP的特征参数、用量,以及PA6/(PP 接枝PP)配比的关系。结果表明,合金的力学性能随接枝PP的MFR增加而提高,与接枝率无关,接枝PP用量有一最佳值,高MFR的MAC-g-PP能显著改善合金的冲击韧性。