中国变性淀粉与淀粉衍生物的生产与应用——现状与发展前景

本文简要概括了我国淀粉工业的现状及发展前景。从变性淀粉、淀粉衍生物两方面着重分析我国淀粉工业的生产、应用、市场和发展;对淀粉深加工产品品种、特性、用途做了介绍,并结合广西木薯淀粉工业的现状,对我国淀粉工业的发展及深加工提出了建议。     

氧化淀粉粘合剂的制备

使用过氧化氢和多硫化物对淀粉进行深度氧化,制备低粘度、稳定性能好的粘合剂。本文讨论了氧化体系pH对生成羧基官能团的影响,给出了最佳反应条件。     

氧化淀粉的制取

玉米淀粉用次氯酸钠氧化,制取氧化淀粉,探索了氧化反应中次氯酸钠用量与反应液的pH值对产品性能和产率的影响。     

甘薯变性淀粉的研制

总结了制取甘薯氧化淀粉、可溶性淀粉、酸变性淀粉和磷酸淀粉等变性淀粉的最佳工艺参数，并对这些变性淀粉的理化特性进行了研究。这些产品在食品、纺织、造纸、建筑、医药等行业具有广阔的应用前景。     

蕨淀粉的开发与应用

对蕨淀粉的微观形状，粒微及分布，糊化温度，粘度，冷凝行为及抗腐败能力进行了表征与研究。研究了蕨淀粉的氧化降解、脱色及化学改性工艺过程，研究了蕨淀粉在冰衣，粘合剂，高效蓄能材料方面的应用。     

变性淀粉的制备及其助洗性能的研究进展

综述了具有助洗性能的变性淀粉(氧化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、氧化羧甲基淀粉)的制备,对其助洗性能进行了评价。引用文献28篇。     

高粘度羧甲基淀粉醚的研制

介绍了由玉米淀粉作为原料制取羧甲基淀粉醚的方法，着重讨论了该产品的配方设计，并对产品的各项性能进行了检验。     

淀粉基胶粘剂研究进展

综述了淀粉胶粘剂的生产原理与工艺，存在的问题与解决办法，并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

淀粉在涂料中的应用

介绍了氧化淀粉、交联淀粉、羟烷基淀粉以及多孔淀粉在内墙涂料、纸张涂料以及防水涂料中的一些具体应用,并对淀粉涂料的未来进行了展望.     

高速纸板流水线用粘合剂的制备和应用研究

本文对普通Stein－Hull淀粉粘合剂进行政性研究，通过研究各组份对粘合剂粘度及其稳定性、糊化温度、粘接强度等影响，以及流水线车速、纸张种类等对粘接质量的影响，制备高速纸板流水线用粘合剂，并不受纸张克重的制约，同时对粘合剂生产原理和粘接机理进行了探讨．     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.