基于动态种群多邻域MOEA/D的污水处理过程优化控制

针对污水处理过程中以能耗和罚款为对象的多目标优化控制问题,对基于分解的多目标进化算法(multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition,MOEA/D)进行改进,提出基于动态种群的多邻域MOEA/D用于污水处理过程中多目标优化控制。首先,将种群分为3个初始子种群,不同子种群由不同变异策略产生新解,并通过子代进化率对子种群规模进行动态调整,以适应不同进化时期对策略的需求;其次,分析种群在迭代过程中的进化状态,并结合各策略搜索的范围为每种变异策略分配一个邻域,以提升各策略的搜索性能。实验结果表明,该算法的收敛性和多样性相较于传统算法有明显的提升,该算法能够达到对污水处理过程中的目标进行优化的目的。     

一种基于多策略差分进化的分解多目标进化算法

为了提高多目标优化问题非支配解集合的分布性和收敛性,根据不同差分进化策略的特点,基于切比雪夫分解机制,提出一种基于多策略差分进化的分解多目标进化算法(MOEA/D-WMSDE).该算法首先采用切比雪夫分解机制,将多目标优化问题转化为一系列单目标优化子问题;然后引入小波基函数和正态分布实现差分进化算法的参数控制,探究一种...     

基于分解和差分进化的多目标粒子群优化算法

为了提高多目标优化算法解集的分布性和收敛性,提出一种基于分解和差分进化的多目标粒子群优化算法(dMOPSO-DE).该算法通过提出方向角产生一组均匀的方向向量,确保粒子分布的均匀性;引入隐式精英保持策略和差分进化修正机制选择全局最优粒子,避免种群陷入局部最优Pareto前沿;采用粒子重置策略保证群体的多样性.与非支配排序(NSGA-II)算法、多目标粒子群优化(MOPSO)算法、分解多目标粒子群优化(dMOPSO)算法和分解多目标进化-差分进化(MOEA/D-DE)算法进行比较,实验结果表明,所提出算法在求解多目标优化问题时具有良好的收敛性和多样性.     

一种改进的多目标约束优化差分进化算法

提出一种新的多目标优化差分进化算法用于求解约束优化问题.该算法利用佳点集方法初始化个体以维持种群的多样性.将约束优化问题转化为两个目标的多目标优化问题.基于Pareto支配关系,将种群分为Pareto子集和Non-Pareto子集,结合差分进化算法两种不同变异策略的特点,对Non-Pareto子集和Pareto子集分别采用DE/best/1变异策略和DE/rand/1变异策略.数值实验结果表明该算法具有较好的寻优效果.     

基于角度邻域的多目标差分进化算法

针对如何实现差分进化算法求解多目标优化问题,提出了一种基于角度邻域的多目标差分进化算法,通过在选择操作中引入弱支配概念,实现了对多目标优化问题的求解.该算法通过计算目标空间中个体与权重向量的夹角来确定每个个体的邻域,并在此基础上引入了基于角度邻域的变异策略,使个体的变异在邻域内进行,保证进化方向.此外,该算法创建了一个外部存档用来保存进化过程中的非支配解,并定期对外部存档进行维护,大大改善了解集的分布性.大量的数值仿真实验结果表明通过角度确定邻域的方法比通过欧氏距离确定邻域的方法更加有效,算法所得解集的收敛性和分布性也均明显优于基于分解的差分多目标进化算法(multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition and differential evolution,MOEA/D–DE)和非支配排序算法Ⅱ(nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II,NSGA).     

基于动态多策略差分进化模型的MOEA/D算法*

在基于分解技术的多目标进化算法的框架中,引入一种动态多策略差分进化模型。该模型在分析不同差分进化策略的特点基础上,选择了三种差分进化策略,并对每种策略分配一子种群。在进化过程中,依据每种策略对邻域更新的贡献度,动态的调整其子种群的大小。对比分析采用不同差分进化算法的性能,结果表明运用多个策略之间相互协同进化,有利于提高算法性能。将新算法同NSG-II和MOEA/D算法在LZ09系列基准函数上进行性能对比,实验结果显示该算法的收敛性和多样性均优于对比算法。将新应用于I型梁多目标优化设计问题中,获得的Pareto前沿均匀,且解集域较宽广,对比分析表明算法的工程实用性。     

随机扰动不同种群变异策略的多目标进化算法

为了提高多目标优化问题非支配解集的收敛性和多样性,解决算法后期易陷入局部最优的问题,根据不同差分进化策略特点,添加随机扰动,基于改进切比雪夫机制提出了一种自适应差分进化策略的分解多目标进化算法（MOEA/D-ADE-levy）。首先使用混合水平正交实验产生均匀权重向量并应用于改进切比雪夫机制分解子问题得到均匀分布的初始种群;其次将种群分为优秀个体、中间个体和较差个体,对不同个体采用不同的变异策略,对变异因子F和交叉概率CR采用自适应机制,提高非支配解集的收敛性和多样性;最后对陷入局部最优的解集增加levy随机扰动,增大其全局搜索的能力,跳出局部最优。采用DTLZ测试函数验证算法有效性,将所提算法与NSGA2、NSGA3、MOEA\D、MOEA\D-DE等常用算法进行比较,使用GD和IGD评价指标对算法进行多样性和收敛性分析,实验结果表明,该算法在收敛性和多样性方面得到了改进与提高,能得到更优的Pareto解集。     

基于分解的多目标多因子进化算法

多目标多因子优化(MO-MFO)问题作为一类新的优化问题近年来受到了众多关注,其特点是需要利用单个种群来同时优化多个多目标优化任务.针对该问题,提出一个基于分解策略的多目标多因子进化算法(MFEA/D).算法通过多组权重向量,将MO-MFO问题中的每个任务分解成一系列单目标优化子问题,并用单个种群同时优化.在种群进化过程中提出不同任务之间的信息交流策略,以充分挖掘不同任务之间的有用信息,进而加快每个任务的收敛速度.基于10个多目标多因子标准测试问题的实验结果表明,所提出的不同任务之间的信息交流策略能够加快问题的求解速度,使得MFEA/D算法显著优于当前的MO-MFEA算法.     

基于隐马尔可夫链的自适应MODE及应用

不同的控制参数设定和生成策略（交叉和变异）都会对多目标差分进化算法的性能产生显著影响。为实现其控制参数和变异策略的实时自适应调整,提出一种基于隐马尔可夫链的自适应多目标差分进化算法。该算法利用隐马尔可夫模型对种群信息进行分析并得到最优序列,通过最优序列与实际状态序列的对比得出变异缩放因子[F]与交叉概率[CR]的最大似然估计值,从而实现控制参数的自适应调整;同时,通过隐马尔可夫模型得到一组策略链来辅助多目标差分进化算法来选择合适的变异策略。通过与其他9种多目标进化算法在16个测试函数上的对比研究,结果表明所提算法的整体性能优于其他比较算法。最后,将该算法用于求解海铁联运能耗优化问题,所得结果能够为决策者提供多种可行方案。     

基于自适应邻域策略的改进型MOEA/D算法

为避免传统MOEA/D算法使用固定领域规模易造成种群进化效率降低的情况,提出一种基于自适应邻域策略的改进算法。设计一种能够反映子问题进化幅度和种群进化状态的判断机制。针对进化过程中的收敛性和分布性需求,提出基于进化状态判断的自适应邻域策略,从而根据种群和子问题的进化状态设定不同的邻域规模。使用WFG系列测试函数进行实验,结果表明,该算法能有效平衡进化过程中种群的收敛性与分布性,提高解集的整体性能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。