超声强化Fenton法处理碱性品蓝染料废水

对超声强化Fenton氧化法降解碱性品蓝染料废水进行了研究。考查了溶液初始pH值、H2O2投加量、FeSO4·7H2O投加量及反应时间对CODer去除率和脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,超声可以明显提高Fenton试剂的氧化能力。废水处理工艺条件对CODer去除率和脱色率的影响从强到弱依次为：溶液初始pH值〉H2O2投加量〉FeSO4·7H2O投加量〉反应时间。200mL浓度为250mg／L染料废水,pH为3．28,H2O2（30％）投加量为2mL、FeSO4·7H2O投加量为150mg／L、反应时间为50min时,CODer的去除率可达83％,脱色率可达99．3％。     

铁屑-Fenton法处理焦化含酚废水的研究

炼钢厂的含酚废水经生化法处理后的COD，挥发酚并没达到排放标准，需要用铁屑－Fenton法对含酚废水进行深度处理。文中研究了pH,H2O2加入量，过滤时间，Fenton反应的持续时间等因素对COD去除效果的影响。通过正交试验确定最佳工艺条件；初始pH=2.4,H2O2加主量为120mmol/L，过滤时间为13min,Fenton反应的持续时间是60min。此条件下废水于再经絮凝处理，则出水COD为55mg/L,去除率为92％；挥发酚在0.5mg／L以下，去除率达97．9％。     

Fenton氧化与吸附法联合处理焦化废水的研究

目的为了寻求一种行之有效的焦化废水处理新技术．方法利用Fenton氧化预处理联合活性炭吸附后续处理，以焦化废水的COD为考察指标，通过研究H2O2投加量、pH值、反应时间、[Fe^2＋]／[H2O2]（摩尔比）等因素对Fenton氧化预处理阶段处理效果的影响，确定Fenton氧化预处理阶段的操作条件；通过研究活性炭投加量、活性炭吸附时间、pH值等因素对后续活性炭吸附阶段处理效果的影响，确定活性炭吸附阶段的操作条件．结果实验表明，Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附联合工艺的最佳操作条件为：先在H2O2投加量为158mmol／L，[Fe^2＋]／[H2O2]=1：10，初始pH=3的条件下Fenton氧化预处理30min，然后投加1g／L活性炭吸附处理30min．结论在最佳操作条件下，Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附联合工艺处理焦化废水取得了良好的效果，处理后焦化废水COD由1935mg／L降为46．4mg／L，去除率达到97．6％，为该工艺的工业化应用提供了实验依据，同时对其他工业废水的处理具有借鉴意义．     

GC—MS法分析Fenton法处理焦化废水难降解有机物规律

利用Box-BehnkenDesign（BBD）的响应面分析方法（RsM）,对Fenton试剂法处理焦化废水4个主要因素：初始pH、H2O2用量、EH2O2]／[Fe^2＋]摩尔比及反应时间的交互影响进行了分析,得到二次响应曲面模型,表明COD的去除率与各因素存在显著的相关性,以[Fe2＋]：[H2O2。]（摩尔比）和Hzoz投加量交互影响最为显著。以优化条件pH值为3．60、m（H2O2）：re（CODcr）为1．95、[Fe2＋]／EH2O2]摩尔比为1：7．43、反应时间30．8min,分别处理原水、缺氧池出水、二沉池出水,COD去除率达到44．60％、47．30％、56．59％．GC—MS分析Fenton氧化法处理前后水样,表明Fenton体系中产生大量的·OH自由基,主要对焦化废水中的挥发酚类和含氮杂环化合物类污染物苯环上的c—c键进行攻击后断裂,降解产物以石油烃类为主及部分的酯类、醇类等．好氧工艺和Fenton法对挥发酚类去除效果显著．     

Fenton试剂氧化活性染料废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂对商业活性染料orange BN、navy RGB和red RGB配制的废水进行了脱色研究．结果表明：当染料浓度为400mg／L时,pH为2～5,[Fe^2＋]=0．5mmol／L,[H2O2]=167—333mg／L,温度在20℃,反应时间为20min,对3种活性染料废水的色度去除率均达到99％以上;在以上优化的脱色工艺条件下,通过正交试验以COD去除率为指标确定最佳降解工艺条件．结果表明：pH为4,[Fe^2＋]=1mmol／L,H2O2浓度对于orange BN、navy RGB和red RGB分别为700mg／L、662mg／L和833mg／L,温度在80℃,反应时间为60min,orange BN、navy RGB和red RGB废水的COD去除率分别达到88．9％、98．3％和93．4％,为Fenton试剂处理实际活性染料废水提供了必要的工艺参数和理论依据．     

生活污水的高级氧化预处理效果研究

以芬顿试剂、高锰酸钾为氧化剂氧化降解生活污水,通过测定COD、BOD5变化来比较氧化效果．在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验进行研究．芬顿试剂适宜的氧化条件：FeSO4·7H2O的投加量为3mmol／L,pH值为3,H2O2与Fe^2＋的投加比为3：1,反应时间为60rain;高锰酸钾适宜的氧化条件：投加量为0．2mmol／L,pH值为2,反应时间为60min．研究表明：与高锰酸钾处理的效果相比,采用芬顿试剂,COD去除率可达80％,处理后废水的可生化性大大提高,为进一步的生化处理创造了良好的条件．     

UV/Fenton氧化法处理硝基苯废水的试验研究

目的研究UV／Fenton氧化法对难降解有机物硝基苯的氧化能力，确定UV／Wenton氧化法处理硝基苯处理废水的工艺条件．方法以自配硝基苯水样为处理对象，采用自制光反应器，通过试验研究分析H2O2投加量、Fe^2＋质量浓度、反应时间、pH值、硝基苯初始质量浓度等对UV／Fenton氧化法处理硝基苯废水处理效果的影响．结果实验研究结果表明，UV／Fenton氧化法对硝基苯有较高的去除率和反应速率，硝基苯的去除率可达到95％．H2O2投加量、Fe^2＋质量浓度、反应时间、pH值和硝基苯初始质量浓度对处理效果均有较大影响．结论硝基苯的质量浓度在不大于200mg／L时，UV／Fenton法能够有效去除硝基苯，最佳反应条件为：H2O2倍数为1．5左右，Fe^2＋与H2O2的摩尔比为1：30。pH值为4左右，反应时间为50min．     

Fenton工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物

选用Fenton工艺对经过生化处理后的城市垃圾渗滤液进行深度处理.结果表明,该工艺具有氧化和混凝的双重作用,其最优工艺条件为:[H2O2]=38.8 mmol/L、[Fe2 ]=30 mmol/L、初始pH为3、混凝pH为8,反应时间60 min,H2O2为一次投加.在此条件下,COD和TOC的去除率分别达63.43%和80.58%.同时分析了各种影响因子对Fenton试剂处理效果的作用机理.     

Fenton氧化法对制药废水的预处理研究

为了提高制药厂制药废水的可生化性,采用Fenton氧化法对其进行预处理,探讨了pH值、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响.结果得到最佳反应条件为：pH值为1,H2O2（30%）投加量为0.25 mL（约833 mg/L）,FeSO4.7H2O（0.3 mol/L）投加量为1 mL（约834 mg/L）,反应时间为90 min,在此条件下,COD去除率可达21.97%,并用PAC作为混凝剂对此废水进行混凝实验,其对COD的去除率只有7.9%.两者相比,Fenton氧化法的效果好,可作为生化处理的预处理.     

微电解-Fenton氧化联合处理印染废水系统工艺的研究

采用铁碳微电解和Fenton法联合工艺处理实际印染废水,研究pH、反应时间、Fe/C体积比、H2O2浓度对实际印染废水脱色率及COD去除率的影响规律,并优化了联合技术的最佳工艺条件.试验结果表明：在短期时间内,Fe/C体积比和H2O2浓度对废水的处理效果影响最显著,最佳工艺条件为进水pH=4,Fe/C体积比为1∶1,H2O2的投加量20ml/L,反应时间30min,COD的去除率可以达到97%以上,色度的去除率达到99%以上.     

Morphological evolution of Nb2O5 in a solvothermal reaction: From Nb2O5 grains to Nb2O5 nanorods and hexagonal Nb2O5 nanoplatelets

Novel Nb₂O₅ nanorods and polygonal Nb₂O₅ platelets were generated by a simple solvothermal technique. The geometry evolution of the resultant Nb₂O₅ from amorphous nanoparticles to crystallized particles, from polygonal platelets to well-elongated nanorods was been studied in detail. The processing parameters, including the reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of the precursors, and pH value of the solution, which affect the shape and size of the nanorods, were investigated. The Nb₂O₅ nanorods with different aspect ratios were examined by XRD, SEM and TEM. The experimental results show that Nb₂O₅ nanorod is the orthorhombic structure and well-crystallized. The growth of the nanorods follows their [001] direction. The successful generation of high quality Nb₂O₅ nanorods is not only important for transition metal oxide research, but also potentially important for further formation of new Nb-based 1-D nanostructures, such as NbS₂ and NbN. Funded by the International Cooperation Project of Hubei Province (2006 CA014)     

BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95/Na2SO4 composite with enhanced protonic conductivity

Heterogeneous composite BaZr_0.1Y_0.9O_2.95/Na₂SO₄ was designed and fabricated with Y-doped BaZrO₃ as matrix and Na₂SO₄ as dispersant by conventional powder processing to improve the total conductivity of barium zirconate. The electrical conduction of the composite was studied by electrical and electrochemical methods. Microstructure of the heterogeneous composite was examined by SEM. The experimewtal results show that the protonic conductivity of Y-doped BaZrO₃ is greatly improved upon incorporating Na₂SO₄ in the material. Microstructure observation indicates that a multiphase structure with Na₂SO₄ disperses at the grain boundaries of BaZr_0.1Y_0.9O_2.95. Electromotive force (EMF) measurements under fuel cell conditions reveal that the total ionic transport number of the composite is more than 0.9 at 750 °C. Funded by the National natural Science Foundation of China(No. 50872090)     

Combustion Synthesis of TiB2 Ceramics Powder from B2O3-TiO2-Mg System in Air Atmosphere

TiB2 ceramics powder was syuthesized from B2O3 - TiO2 - Mg system. The effects of TiB2 addition as diluent on the conbustion synthesis process were investigated. The results of thermodynanmic calculation and experiments stow that the increase of TiBz content ranging from 0 to 20wt% can reduce the adiabatic temperature Tad from 3100 Kto 2896 K and combustion temperature T,. from 2139 K to 1621 K respectively. The particle size and half width of the particle distributhm are also increased with the addition of TiB2 increasing from 0 to 20wt% . The combustion product is a mixture of TiB2 , MgO , and other intermediate phases. The leached produet contains mairdy TiBz, TiOz and TiN, and its oxygen content is 7.77wt% .     

Sol—Gel Synthesis of Normal Spinel LiMn2O4 and Its Characteristics

Normal spinel LiMn2O4 was synthesized by sol-gel method using lithium nitrate,manganese nitrate,citric acid and ethylene glycol as raw materials.LiMn2O4 was characterized by XRD,TG-DTA,IR,SEMand AAS,The optimum conditions for the synthesis were explored.Citric and ethylene glycol were mixed with molar ratio of 0.25,and the mixtrue was esterified at 140℃ for 4 hours.Then lithium nitrate and manganese nitrate were added with molar ratio of 0.6,In the system,the total molar of cations was equal to that of citric acid.At last,reflux the system at 105℃ for 2 hours,Dried gel was fired at 600℃ for 8 hours.Particle diameters of raw product were about 100nm mainly.Further research shows that lithium ion of LiMn2O4 is easy to be extracted,and normal spinel λ-MnO2 can be obtained after lithium ion extraction.     

Preparation of Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2 Composite Ceramic Membranes by Sol-Gel Method

Al2O3-SiO2- TiO2-ZrO2 supported membranes were prepared by Sol-Gel method. These composite ceramic membranes are level, even and no macro crack. There exist several crystalline phases such as Al2O3, TiO2 ( anatase ), Al2 SiO5 , and ZrO2 in these membranes. Changing the molar ratio of Al:Si: Ti : Zr ,the kinds and content of crystal phases of composite membranes could be different, which may lend to a variety of microstructure of membranes. The surface nanoscale topography and microstructure of membranes were investigated by XRD, SEM, AFM, EPMA. The effects of additives and heat treatments on the surface nanoscale topography and microstracture of composite ceramic membranes were also analyzed.     

Effect of Nb on the mechanical properties of Ti/Al2O3 composite

Ti/Al₂O₃ composite with improved mechanical properties was synthesized by the spark plasma sintering. The effect of Nb on the microstructure of the composite was analyzed by TEM, SEM and so on. The experimental results indicate that the bending strength, fracture toughness, micro-hardness and relative density of the composite are 897.29MPa, 17.38MPa·m^1/2, 17.13GPa and 99.24% respectively when adding 1.5vol Nb. The bending strength is improved by reason of forming dislocation ring and transfering fracture mode from integranular to mixture fracture of intergranular and transgranular. The crack propagating is mainly the deflection bridging. It indicates a reduction of crack driving force and an increase in crack growth resistance, which results in toughness enhanced. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50232020) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. 2002F21)     

Chemical reaction of in-situ processing of NiAl/Al2O3 composite by using thermite reaction

NiAl/Al₂O₃ composite were synthesized by thermite reaction of nickel oxide and aluminum powder mixtures. The phase, the microstructure of the composite, as well as the thermite reaction mechanism, were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results show that the thermite reaction leads to the interpenetrating network structure of NiAl/Al₂O₃ at 1223K for 60 min and the chemical reaction apparent activation energy is E_ap=166.960±13.496 kJ·mol⁻¹ in the NiO/Al system. Funded by the Younger Teacher Foundation of High School of Anhui Province (No. 2003jq158)     

The Influence of Temperature on the Afterglow Feature of SrAl2O4：Eu,Dy Phosphors

Using a self-designed temperature testing box in which Xenon-lamp irradiation can be applied, the afterglow feature of SrAl2O4： Eu, Dy as a function of temperature has been researched. Two sorts of SrAl2O4 ： Eu, Dy phosphors, namely highest quality commercial one and the self-synthesized one by solid-state reaction process were employed. Results reveal a common phenomenon behaving as phosphorescent sudden extinguishments at a certain low temperature although their threshold temperature value （ about 223 K） has a slight difference . The general charueteristic for the influence of temperature on the afterglow feature presents, compared to the luminescent decay at room temperature （RT）, a bigger and faster decrease of phosphorescent brightness with the reduction of temperature, while decay curves still maitain the same pattern composed of a quick decline part and a platform falling part during which the phosphorescent brightness at 273 K is only aboat 1/2 as big as that at RT, and at 253 K the figure has changed to about 1/3. Finally , the reason of previous observed results has been analyzed briefly in theory.     

3A分子筛和Al2O3复合载体催化剂的催化特性

为探究3A分子筛和Al₂O₃复合载体催化剂的结构特征以及对甲苯的催化特性,采用等体积浸渍法制备Al₂O₃与3A分子筛不同掺混比的载体镍基催化剂,并对催化剂进行XRD、H₂-TPR、BET等特性分析,在固定床反应器中对催化剂催化甲苯的特性进行研究. 结果表明:催化剂中活性组分Ni主要以氧化镍NiO和镍铁合金Ni₃Fe的形式存在;Al₂O₃催化剂的比表面积和孔容随着Fe负载量的增加而减小,而不同掺混比催化剂的比表面积和孔容随着γ-Al₂O₃占比的增加而逐渐增大;甲苯的转化率随着反应温度的增加而逐渐增加,但是随着Fe负载量的增加而先增加后下降;对于不同掺混比的催化剂,随着γ-Al₂O₃占比的增加,催化剂的活性逐渐增强而后减弱,甲苯的转化率因此先增大后减小;当反应温度为700 ℃,水碳比为2,停留时间0.6 s,γ-Al₂O₃占比为60%时,甲苯转化率最高.     

Preparation and characterization of Bi4Ti3O12 platelets by a novel low-temperature molten salt system

Bismuth titanate (Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂) platelets were prepared by molten salt method in a new salt system of CaC_l2-NaCl at 650–750 °C, using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO₃)₃―H₂O) and titanium butoxide (Ti (OC₄H₉)₄) as raw materials. The synthesis temperature of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ platelets was decreased to 650 °C from 900–1100 °C. The phase compositions and crystalline morphology of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ platelets were investigated by XRD and SEM. The experimental results indicate that Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ platelets containing tetragonal and orthorhombic phase with the size of 1–3 μm can be synthesized at 650 °C for 2 h, and the orthorhombic phase becomes the dominant phase at 750 °C for 5 h. The size and proportion of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ platelets increase with the increment of the calcining temperature and holding time. The proportion of platelets increases to about ninety percent, and the platelets grow up to about 3–10 μm at 750 °C for 5 h from 1–2 μm at 650 °C for 2 h. This technical route provides a new low-temperature molten salt system for preparing platelets by molten salt methods.