不同时期喷施腐植酸水溶肥对高粱农艺性状及产量的影响

为了探究不同时期喷施腐植酸水溶肥对高粱农艺性状和产量的影响,并明确最佳喷施时期,以黑龙江主栽高粱品种“齐杂722”为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,分别于苗期、拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗开花期、灌浆期叶面喷施腐植酸水溶肥(600倍液)。结果表明:与CK相比,不同生育时期喷施腐植酸水溶肥可显著增产,增产幅度为5.5%~7.8%;苗期、拔节期、孕穗期喷施腐植酸水溶肥可显著提高高粱株高、穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重;抽穗开花期和灌浆期喷施腐植酸水溶肥可显著提高高粱穗粒重、千粒重,并改善光合特性;总体来看,灌浆期喷施腐植酸水溶肥增产效果最好,孕穗期喷施腐植酸水溶肥增产效果次之。     

腐植酸水溶肥在大棚芹菜上的肥效试验

为了研究济农腐植酸水溶肥在大棚芹菜上的肥效试验,采用不同稀释倍数（800倍、1000倍、1200倍）的济农腐植酸水溶肥对大棚芹菜进行叶面喷施,以磷酸二氢钾与尿素混合水溶液及清水喷施做对照,观察不同处理对大棚芹菜生物性状的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,济农腐植酸水溶肥可以明显改善作物性状,提高作物的产量和经济效益。其中,以叶面喷施800倍液和1000倍液济农腐植酸水溶肥两组处理效果最为明显,株高增加0.8-2 cm,茎粗增加0.2-1.0 cm,单株重增加0.01-0.03 kg,小区产量提高8.99%-10.89%,经济效益显著。因此,济农腐植酸水溶肥在芹菜及其他蔬菜上有广阔的推广应用前景。     

腐植酸水溶肥料在小白菜上的应用效果

正为了研究腐植酸水溶肥料对小白菜产量与经济效益的影响,2012年10月至2013年1月在郴州宜章县与常德澧县同时进行了小白菜腐植酸水溶肥料(大量元素型、粉剂)效果试验,于苗期与旺盛生长期在两地小白菜上采取常规施肥+叶面喷施腐植酸水溶肥料(大量元素型、粉剂)的施肥方式,同时设置常规施肥以及常规施肥+喷施清水作为空白对     

腐植酸水溶肥在大棚芹菜上的肥效试验

为了研究济农腐植酸水溶肥在大棚芹菜上的肥效试验,采用不同稀释倍数(800倍、1000倍、1200倍)的济农腐植酸水溶肥对大棚芹菜进行叶面喷施,以磷酸二氢钾与尿素混合水溶液及清水喷施做对照,观察不同处理对大棚芹菜生物性状的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,济农腐植酸水溶肥可以明显改善作物性状,提高作物的产量和经济效益。其中,以叶面喷施800倍液和1000倍液济农腐植酸水溶肥两组处理效果最为明显,株高增加0.8～2 cm,茎粗增加0.2～1.0 cm,单株重增加0.01～0.03 kg,小区产量提高8.99%～10.89%,经济效益显著。因此,济农腐植酸水溶肥在芹菜及其他蔬菜上有广阔的推广应用前景。     

含腐植酸水溶肥在芹菜上的应用效果

通过在大棚芹菜上喷施含腐植酸水溶肥的肥效试验表明,在大棚芹菜上喷施含腐植酸水溶肥可以明显改善芹菜生物学性状,提高芹菜的产量和经济效益。叶面喷施含腐植酸水溶肥与同期喷施等量清水比,增加了芹菜的株高、叶柄长、叶柄厚和单株重,每667 m^(2)平均增产141.41 kg,增产率6.96%,产量差异达显著水平。收入净增率达到5.68%,经济效益显著。     

含腐植酸水溶肥料在水蜜桃上的应用效果研究

研究含腐植酸水溶肥料(腐植酸≥40g/L,N+P2O5+K2O≥200g/L)在水蜜桃上的应用效果,试验结果表明:在水蜜桃果实成熟初期(桃果发亮或个别桃红尖时)叶面喷施含腐植酸水溶肥料200倍液600kg/hm2,间隔4d叶面喷施含腐植酸水溶肥料300倍液450kg/hm2,具有显著增产作用,     

施用腐植酸水溶肥料对小白菜的影响

正2017年2月—5月在陕西南郑县新集镇焦山村进行了腐植酸水溶肥料(颗粒,腐植酸≥3.0%;B+Mo≥6.0%)应用在小白菜种植上的肥效试验。试验设3个处理,分别为:处理1(K1),常规施肥+喷施腐植酸水溶肥料;处理2(K2),常规施肥+喷施等量清水;对照(CK),常规施肥。结果表明:K1比K2小白菜株高增高2.1 cm,单株     

施用腐植酸和生物肥对草莓品质、产量及土壤农化性状的影响

正通过温室试验探索了追施腐植酸肥料及生物肥对草莓产量、品质及土壤农化性状的影响。试验设置4个处理,分别为:对照(常规施肥处理)、追施腐植酸肥、追施生物肥、追施腐植酸+生物肥,重复3次,随机排列。结果表明:施用生物肥、腐植酸、腐植酸+生物肥能够显著提高草莓产量,3个施肥处理产量较对照分别提高了7.70%、     

腐植酸水溶肥对小麦产量及抗逆性的影响效应

通过喷施不同浓度腐植酸水溶肥,在不同水分、不同小麦品种的条件下,分析各个处理的叶片光合速率、电导率、叶绿素相对含量、千粒重和产量等指标。结果表明,腐植酸水溶肥在小麦生育后期应用的适宜浓度为600～800倍稀释液,以在灌浆前期喷施2次(间隔5～7d)为好。     

腐植酸水溶肥料对盐胁迫下燕麦阳离子含量及产量的影响

本试验为探讨燕麦抗盐机制和适应盐胁迫能力,研究了0 mmol/L、50 mmol/L、100 mmol/L、150 mmol/L、200 mmol/L 5个盐浓度胁迫下,喷施腐植酸水溶肥料对燕麦叶片中Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量及燕麦产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:在盐胁迫下,与喷施清水相比,喷施腐植酸水溶肥料能降低燕麦叶片中Na+含量,增加K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量。在灌浆期150 mmol/L盐浓度胁迫下,与喷施清水相比,喷施腐植酸水溶肥料燕麦叶片中Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量和Na+/K+、Na+/Ca2+、Na+/Mg2+值基本保持不变。在灌浆期200 mmol/L盐浓度胁迫下,与喷施清水相比,喷施腐植酸水溶肥料燕麦叶片中Na+/K+、Na+/Ca2+、Na+/Mg2+分别降低了49.61%、56.40%、39.00%,产量提高了28.52%。在盐胁迫下,喷施腐植酸水溶肥料通过降低燕麦叶片中Na+/K+、Na+/Ca2+、Na+/Mg2+值,提高单株穗粒数,使燕麦保持较高产量。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。