钢含碳量对低温盐浴渗铬层的影响

通过 Q2 35钢、45钢、T1 0钢低温盐浴渗铬层的金相组织、相结构、厚度、铬浓度、显微硬度和耐蚀性的对比 ,表明碳含量越高 ,铬碳化合物层越厚 ,显微硬度越高 ,耐蚀性越好。     

45钢低温盐溶渗铬工艺及渗层性能研究

研究了45钢低温盐浴渗铬工艺，分析了渗铬层的金相组织和相结构，测量了渗层厚度、渗层硬度及铬浓度分布，并进行了渗铬层的耐磨试验。结果表明，45钢在较低温度盐浴可获得良好的渗铬层及优异的耐磨性。     

9CrWMn钢复合TD盐浴渗铬的研究

对9CrWMn钢进行复合TD盐浴渗铬处理,即先固体氮碳共渗预处理,再盐浴渗铬.对比了复合渗和单一盐浴渗铬的渗层微观形貌,分析了渗层的相结构、显微硬度和耐磨性.研究表明,氮碳共渗顸处理对TD盐浴渗铬的催渗效果明显,复合渗的渗层在厚度、截面硬度分布及耐磨性等方面均优于单一盐浴渗铬的渗层.该复合TD盐浴渗铬工艺可降低TD渗铬...     

以渗铝为主的Q195钢交流电场增强粉末法铝铬共渗特性

在渗铝剂中加入铬粉,对Q195钢在800 ℃进行以渗铝为主的交流电场增强及常规粉末法铝铬共渗。用金相显微观测、X射线衍射分析、显微硬度测试等分析渗层组织、相、厚度及显微硬度沿渗层深度方向的分布。结果表明,相较单一渗铝,添加少量铬粉对常规铝铬共渗层组织和厚度影响不大,但次表层硬度提高;交流电场对单一渗铝和铝铬共渗均有促渗作用,较单一渗铝,添加微量铬粉进一步加快渗速,但对次表层硬度影响不大,随渗剂中铬粉含量增加,渗层厚度先增后减,添加0.1%铬粉时促渗效果最为显著,所得渗层厚约123 μm,而交流电场单一渗铝层厚约50 μm,常规单一渗铝层厚仅约18 μm。     

Cr12MoV钢盐浴渗钛工艺研究

采用TD盐浴技术在小型井式盐浴炉中对Cr12MoV钢分别进行了硼砂盐浴渗钛、铬钛共渗、铬钛复合渗处理。用XRD对渗层的物相进行鉴定,用OM和SEM分析渗层组织,用显微硬度计测试渗层的显微硬度。结果表明:经盐浴处理后,Cr12MoV钢表面可以得到厚的渗层,硬度显著提高,硬度梯度不大。铬钛共渗和铬钛复合渗能得到少量不连续的Ti C覆层,而渗钛工艺只能得到渗硼覆层。     

45钢低温盐浴渗铬工艺及渗层性能研究

研究了 45钢低温盐浴渗铬工艺 ,分析了渗铬层的金相组织和相结构 ,测量了渗层厚度、渗层硬度及铬浓度分布 ,并进行了渗铬层的耐磨试验。结果表明 ,45钢在较低温度盐浴可获得良好的渗铬层及优异的耐磨性。     

Cr12钢稀土盐浴渗铬试验研究

在选定供铬剂、还原剂的条件下,对影响盐浴渗铬效果的基盐配比、稀土和活化剂加入量进行配方正交试验,通过对Cr12钢试样盐浴渗铬工艺及渗层厚度的分析比较,筛选出900℃×4 h盐浴渗铬时的最优配方;采用光学金相观察、显微硬度测试、砂浆磨损试验等方法,分析比较了Cr12钢样品加稀土前后渗层厚度、硬度分布及相对耐磨性等性能。研究表明,添加稀土对盐浴渗铬有明显催渗作用,渗铬样品在渗层厚度、硬度梯度分布及耐磨性方面均优于未加稀土的渗铬样品和Cr12钢900℃加热油冷样品;添加适量NaCl和NaF以改造硼砂基盐配方,对改善熔盐流动性、降低挥发等方面产生了良好效果。     

P110钢表面渗铬层组织结构及摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末包埋法在P110钢表面制备渗铬层;借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计,对渗铬层的显微组织、相组成和显微硬度进行了分析和表征,并通过无润滑条件下的球-盘式摩擦磨损试验研究了渗铬处理对其摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:渗铬层组织均匀、连续、致密,厚约35μm,表现出明显的沉积+扩散的分布特征;渗层主要由Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3(Cr,Fe)_7C_3和α-(Cr,Fe)等相组成,渗层表面硬度值达到2102 HK0.025;渗铬试样的磨损质量损失仅为基材的1/10,耐磨性得到显著提高.     

Cr12MoV钢低温盐浴渗铬复合处理

研究Cr12MoV钢低温复合盐浴渗铬处理后复合渗铬层的金相组织、相结构、渗层厚度、渗层硬度、铬浓度分布和氮碳浓度分布，并进行渗层的耐磨性对比试验。结果表明，Cr12MoV钢经氮碳共渗加低温盐浴渗铬复合处理可获得良好的渗铬层及优异的耐磨性。     

超声冲击对65Mn钢渗铬层摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的 提高65Mn钢的固体粉末渗铬层厚度和耐磨性能。方法 对65Mn钢进行超声冲击（UI）和固体粉末渗铬（SPC）相结合的复合工艺处理。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）,研究UI+SPC复合工艺处理后65Mn渗铬层的物相结构、厚度及元素分布。通过显微维氏硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机研究渗铬层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果 SPC处理试样的渗层厚度约为45μm,UI+SPC复合工艺处理试样的渗层厚度约为58μm,相比SPC试样,渗层厚度提高了13μm。渗铬层表面均匀致密,主要相组成为（Cr,Fe）₂₃C₆、（Cr,Fe）₇C₆、Cr₂C。UI+SPC试样渗层表面硬度达1659HV,约为基体表面硬度的6倍,且硬度从表面至心部呈梯度下降。UI+SPC试样表面渗铬层具有较好的耐磨性能,平均摩擦系数为0.170,磨损量约为基材的1/4,其主要磨损机理为粘着磨损和氧化磨损,伴随着磨粒磨损。结论 UI可有效提高SPC工艺的Cr原子扩散性能,提高渗...     

碳含量及合金元素对低温盐浴渗铬层的影响

以45钢、T10钢及3Cr2W8V钢为例,使用OM、SEM等方法,研究了碳以及合金元素含量对低温盐浴渗铬层的影响.结果表明,钢的碳含量在低温盐浴渗铬过程中起到了促进作用,能增加渗铬层的深度,提高渗层的显微硬度和铬浓度,T10钢表面铬浓度为85.4％,45钢为81.3％,T10钢表面硬度为1 380 HV,45钢为1 290 HV;而合金元素则起到了阻碍作用,减少了渗铬层的深度,渗层的显微硬度和铬浓度均有所下降,3Cr2W8V钢表面硬度为1 280 HV,表面铬浓度为76.3％.     

两种高铬钢渗铝层的组织和抗氧化性能

对１Ｃｒ６Ｓｉ２Ｍｏ和１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ钢渗铝层的组织和抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明,高合金钢渗铝层的厚度与其渗名状态下的晶格类型有关。铁素体型钢的渗层厚度明显大于奥氏体型钢。１Ｃｒ６Ｓｉ２Ｍｏ钢渗铝层下方存在的墨带使其抗氧化性能变坏,随渗铝时间的延长,形成的黑带越宽。     

Chromized Layers Produced on Steel Surface by Means of CVD

DIFFUSION CHROMIZING is one of many types ofthermochemical treatment employed today forimproving properties of steel surface such as hardness,wear and corrosion resistance[144].In this paper,anovel CVD method that combines the low cost of packmetallization and the advantage of vacuum techniquewas investigated[5].The coating process was based onthe formation of chromium chlorides atmosphere in situduring the processing.A metallic chromium powdermixture with a halide activator(NRiCl)we…     

Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates Deposited with Multilayer Films for PEMFC Applications

A chromium nitride (CrN, Cr₂N)/chromium (Cr)/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) system and a gold (Au)/titanium (Ti) system were separately deposited using a sputtering method and an E-beam method, respectively, onto stainless steel 316 and 304 plates. The XRD patterns of the deposited stainless steel plates showed the crystalline phase of typical indium-tin oxide and of metallic phases, such as chromium, gold, and the metal substrate, as well as those of external chromium nitride films. The nitride films were composed of two metal nitride phases that consisted of CrN and Cr₂N compounds. The surface morphologies of the modified stainless steel bipolar plates were observed using atomic force microscopy and FE-SEM. The chromium nitride (CrN, Cr₂N)/chromium (Cr)/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) multilayer that was formed on the stainless steel plates had a surface microstructural morphology that consisted of fine columnar grains 10 nm in diameter and 60 nm in length. The external gold films that were formed on the stainless steel plates had a grain microstructure approximately 100 nm in diameter. The grain size of the external surface of the stainless steel plates with the gold (Au)/titanium (Ti) system increased with increasing gold film thickness. The electrical resistances and water contact angles of the stainless steel bipolar plates that were covered with the multilayer films were examined as a function of the thickness of the ITO film or of the external gold film. In the corrosion test, ICP-MS results indicated that the gold (Au)/titanium (Ti) films showed relatively excellent chemical stability after exposure to H₂SO₄ solution with pH 3 at 80 °C.     

The Application of Rubber and Plastics to the Metal Finishing Industry

Increasing the thickness of chromium and the density of microcrack pattern in single-bath microcracked chromium deposits improved the overall appearance and degree of protection of plated steel articles on static exposure to severe environments for two years. Similarly plated zinc diecastings, which had copper undercoats and higher crack densities, retained good appearance and basis metal protection in the same environment, irrespective of chromium thickness above the minimum tested. Both steel and zinc diecast articles retained a very good condition on exposure to less severe environments.     

Estimation of the protective ability of chromium coatings deposited from sulfate and methanesulfonate electrolytes based on Cr(III)

Voltammetric and impedance techniques are used to determine the protective ability of chromium coatings deposited on a steel substrate from sulfate and methanesulfonate electrolytes based on trivalent chromium. It is found that chromium deposits obtained from methanesulfonate electrolyte have lower porosity and higher protective ability as compared with deposits from sulfate electrolyte. It is shown that, when the thickness of chromium coatings reaches 15 μm, there are no through pores in deposits for both electrolytes and, thus, the maximum degree of protection of the steel support is achieved in an aggressive medium. An equivalent circuit correctly modeling the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of the studied system is proposed on the basis of data of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the values of its parameters are calculated.     

渗硼处理对H13钢碳化铬覆层抗铝液侵蚀性能的影响

将未处理H13钢、热反应扩散(TRD)法渗铬试样及铬硼复合渗(TRD渗铬+TRD渗硼)试样浸入熔融铝液进行热浸铝试验。对渗铝试样截面进行显微观察及渗铝层定点成分分析。结果表明:相同热浸铝条件下,单一碳化铬覆层的浸铝层厚度与未处理H13钢相当,即单独渗铬并不能提升H13钢抗铝液侵蚀能力。而硼铬复合处理试样浸铝层厚度为单一碳化铬覆层的67%,渗硼处理的应用能够有效提高TRD碳化铬覆层抗铝液侵蚀能力。试样经热浸铝后渗铝层Fe-Al金属间化合物成分主要为Fe₂Al₅。     

The initiation of selective oxidation of a ferritic stainless steel at low temperatures and oxygen pressures

Oxidation of a ferritic stainless steel of type Fe-18Cr-2Mo has been performed in the temperature range 285–495°C and oxygen partial pressure range 10^?9-10^?8 torr. The chemical composition of thin oxide layers formed has been analysed by means of Auger Electron Spectroscopy and interpreted in terms of available chromium, iron and oxygen at the solid/gas interface. The selective oxidation of chromium is considered by different probabilities for the oxidation of available chromium and iron respectively. At oxide thicknesses below 100 Å the supplies of chromium and iron are ruled by diffusion in the steel matrix. The results have been used to predict the chemical compositions of two subsequently growing oxide layers provided the thickness of the first oxide layer is below 50 Å.