ABR-BAF工艺处理采油废水的中试研究

进行了利用折流板厌氧反应器（ABR）-曝气生物滤池（BAF）工艺处理江汉油田马-25污水处理站采油废水的中试研究，主要考察了ABR的除油效果、提高废水可生化性的作用以及BAF的运行参数、处理效果等。研究结果表明：当废水流量为0．3m^3／h时，ABR反应器对油的去除率平均为83．5％，对COD的去除率平均为40．8％，出水BOD，／COD值提高了24．8％。ABR一方面去除了采油废水中的大部分油，另一方面提高了采油废水的可生化性。当BAF的水力负荷为0．6m／h、进水COD平均为203．5mg／L时，出水COD平均为85．7mg／L，平均去除率为57．9％；对SS的去除率为82．7％。组合工艺对油、COD、BOD，和SS的总去除率分别为96．1％-96．9％、58．2％～75．1％、80．0％-93．1％和80．7％～87．1％。扫描电镜（SEM）观察结果显示：生物膜结构紧密，并且观察到裂口虫，生物相非常丰富。ABR-BAF工艺能够很好地处理采油废水，出水水质满足污水二级排放标准。     

O_3/BAF组合工艺用于工业区污水处理厂提标改造

将臭氧/曝气生物滤池(O3/BAF)组合工艺用于工业区污水处理厂提标改造,利用臭氧将难生物降解有机物转化成易于生化降解的物质,提高废水的可生化性;利用曝气生物滤池去除残留有机物和截留悬浮固体。O3/BAF组合工艺能够很好地发挥化学氧化和生物降解两种技术各自的优势,可在保障出水水质达标的条件下降低工程投资和运行费用。组合工艺对难降解、可生化性差的溶解性COD去除效果明显,臭氧后出水B/C的平均值提高了1.54倍,O3/BAF组合单元COD平均去除率达到了34.2%。连续12个月的运行数据表明,处理出水水质稳定达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准。     

混凝/接触氧化处理印刷电路板废水

针对某印刷电路板厂废水的水质，对废水进行分类收集处理，并采用混凝／接触氧化工艺处理综合废水。运行结果表明，系统运行稳定，效果良好，对COD及Cu^2＋的去除率高于95％和99．7％，出水水质达到了广东省《水污染物排放限制标准》（DB44／26--2001）中规定的第二时段一级标准。     

混凝/过滤/膜系统处理钢铁厂废水并回用

采用混凝／过滤／膜系统（UF＋RO）处理钢铁厂废水，实际运行结果表明，该工艺运行稳定，处理效果好，出水水质达到了回用水标准，实现了废水零排放。     

混凝沉淀/水解酸化/BAF工艺处理明胶废水

江西某明胶厂采用混凝沉淀/中和/水解酸化/曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺处理明胶废水,处理规模为1 500 m3/d。运行实践表明:该工艺切实可行,处理出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准。     

ABR/CASS法处理屠宰废水

介绍了采用折板厌氧反应器（ABR）／循环活性污泥系统（CASS）处理屠宰废水的工程实例。实际运行结果表明：工艺可行、管理方便，投资、运行费用低，处理效果稳定，出水水质可达到《肉类加工工业水污染排放标准》（GB13457-1992）一级标准。     

混凝沉淀/CASS/砂滤工艺处理漂染废水

漂染废水具有有机物含量高、色度较大的特点。采用混凝沉淀／CASS／砂滤工艺处理漂染废水，系统运行稳定、效率高、成本低。工程运行结果表明，处理后出水水质优于《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》（GB4287-1992）一级标准，85％的处理出水可回用于生产中的漂洗工序。     

气浮-两段SBR工艺处理奥里油废水

采用气浮—两段SBR工艺处理奥里油废水，近3个月的调试运行证明，该工艺对有机物的去除率为98．9％，对氨氮的去除率为88．9％，出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）的一级标准，并可作为厂内冷却循环用水。该工艺自动化程度高、操作方便、运行成本低，是处理奥里油废水较为理想的工艺。     

多段活性污泥法处理高浓度中药废水

采用多段活性污泥法处理高浓度中药废水。运行结果表明，尽管进水有机物浓度很高，但该工艺运行稳定，对COD和BOD，的去除率均超过99％，出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）的一级标准。     

O_3/BAF和BAF/O_3工艺处理石化二级出水的比较

采用O3/BAF和BAF/O3两种组合工艺对石化废水二级出水进行深度处理,探讨了在不同的臭氧投加量下,两种工艺对COD和NH3-N的去除效果,以及处理过程中废水中有机物分子质量分布的变化。结果表明,O3投加量为15 mg/L时,O3/BAF组合工艺对COD的去除率最高为32.8%,此时进、出水COD平均浓度分别为68.82、46.22 mg/L,但最高出水COD浓度50mg/L。而对于BAF/O3组合工艺而言,由于臭氧氧化后置,臭氧投加量越大,对COD的去除率越高,O3投加量20 mg/L时,BAF/O3工艺对COD的去除率要高于O3/BAF工艺,在O3投加量为25 mg/L时出水COD趋于稳定,且低于50 mg/L。SUVA和分子质量分布结果表明,在O3/BAF工艺中O3可以对废水起到预处理作用,使大分子物质转化为小分子物质,提高废水的可生化性,从而增强BAF单元对COD的去除效果。O3/BAF工艺的臭氧投加量为20 mg/L时,对NH3-N的去除效果最好,去除率为35.1%;而BAF/O3工艺对氨氮的去除与臭氧投加量的关系不大,试验过程中在12%左右。由于石化二级出水NH3-N平均在0.4~2.5 mg/L之间,可达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)中一级标准的限值。从保障最终出水水质的要求来看,BAF/O3工艺更适用于石化二级出水的深度处理。     

Integrated application of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the treatment of wastewaters

The UASB process among other treatment methods has been recognized as a core method of an advanced technology for environmental protection. This paper highlights the treatment of seven types of wastewaters i.e. palm oil mill effluent (POME), distillery wastewater, slaughterhouse wastewater, piggery wastewater, dairy wastewater, fishery wastewater and municipal wastewater (black and gray) by UASB process. The purpose of this study is to explore the pollution load of these wastewaters and their treatment potential use in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process. The general characterization of wastewater, treatment in UASB reactor with operational parameters and reactor performance in terms of COD removal and biogas production are thoroughly discussed in the paper. The concrete data illustrates the reactor configuration, thus giving maximum awareness about upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for further research. The future aspects for research needs are also outlined.     

Acute toxicity removal in textile finishing wastewater by Fenton's oxidation, ozone and coagulation-flocculation processes

This study evaluates the effectiveness of Fenton's oxidation (FO) process and ozone (O3) oxidation compared with a coagulation-flocculation (CF) process to remove effluent toxicity as well as colour and COD from a textile industry wastewater. Daphnia magna was used to test acute toxicity in raw and pre-treated wastewater. The operational parameters for each process were determined on the basis of complete toxicity removal. The FO process removed COD at a higher rate (59%) than O3 (33%) while colour removal was similar (89% and 91%, respectively). The CF process removed both COD and colour at rates similar to the FO process. A colour range of 150-250 platin-cobalt (Pt-Co) unit was assessed for toxicity.     

临沂大学全地下式污水处理工程CAST工艺的设计

临沂大学污水处理厂采用循环式活性污泥法(CAST)处理校内及学校附近居民小区污水,用机械浓缩脱水一体化设备处理剩余污泥,其主体构筑物CAST生物池为鼓风微孔曝气式,出水达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)的一级A标准。该污水处理厂是一座规模较大的全地下式污水处理厂,工艺先进、构筑物及设备选型合理、自动化程度高。     

混凝法强化城市污水厂一级处理的试验研究

混凝法可以强化城市污水厂的一级处理 ,对于武汉市水质净化厂而言 ,混凝剂聚合氯化铝的投加量指标为 0 .2 72mg/mg胶体状COD。该方法与常规城市污水二级处理法相比 ,运行费用低 ,并可达到较好的去除有机污染物的效果     

压力生物氧化法处理中浓度有机废水的探讨

以中浓度有机废水———屠宰废水为例,采用压力生物接触工艺来探讨处理该废水的可行性．结果表明：此法反应速度快,当废水ＣＯＤ 为１０００ ～１６００ｍｇ／Ｌ 时,ＣＯＤ 容积负荷达１４ｋｇ／（ｍ３ ．ｄ） 以上,出水水质ＣＯＤ一般在２００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下,再经一般的后续处理,可达二级排放标准．本法具有占地面积小,基建费用低,运行管理方便及出水水质稳定等优点     

生化法处理港口化学品洗舱废水试验研究

港口有机散化洗舱废水采用活性污泥法处理工艺，易产生丝状菌污泥膨胀。经理论分析及历时８个多月的试验研究，证明采用串级生物接触氧化法处理港口有机散化洗舱废水，稳定有效。进水ＣＯＤ平均浓度３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，停留时间２４ｈ，ＣＯＤ有机负荷率４．３０ｋｇ／（ｍ３·ｄ），出水ＣＯＤ浓度小于１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，可回用于洗舱，从而为散化洗舱废水处理开创了一条新路。     

Performance evaluation of different membrane types in the textile mercerization wastewater treatment

This study investigates the performance of three ultrafiltration membranes, i.e. a submerged polyethylene (PE) hollow fibre membrane, a multibore polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and a tubular multichannel ceramic membrane in the textile mercerization wastewater treatment. Experiments were carried out on two laboratory dead end membranes and on a cross flow membrane set‐up using wastewater with and without the addition of MgCl₂ as a coagulant. Investigation into energy consumption was also carried out. According to the obtained results, the submerged membrane could be used as the pretreatment of mercerization wastewater to significantly reduce the amount of suspended solids, to remove organic carbon and to decrease turbidity. The results showed that the tested membranes could be used for the treatment of wastewater from the textile mercerization process in terms of permeate quality. The cross‐flow ultrafiltration consumes far more energy than the dead‐end process.     

Operating strategies for variable-flow sequencing batch reactors

Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) are variable‐volume, non‐steady‐state, suspended‐growth biological wastewater treatment reactors. The treatment process is characterised by a repeated treatment cycle consisting of a series of sequential process phases: fill, react, settle, decant and idle. The design and operation of an SBR must take into account (1) the biological process requirement for treating influent wastewater and (2) the hydraulic requirement to enable throughput of the water through the reactor without compromising on the quality of biological treatment. During routine operation, the priority between the process and hydraulic consideration can change depending on the influent flow rate and its rate of change. The importance of the interaction between these considerations will vary depending on the fill strategy and the cycle time control strategy. Where flow‐proportional cycle times are utilised to optimise the treatment process, the operating strategy must be capable of accurately adjusting the intercycle phase times to prevent loss of biological treatment or volumetric capacity. This paper considers various operating strategies and describes the specific strategy used at the SBR at Avonmouth wastewater treatment works.     

Advances in sustainable wastewater treatment: Microalgal–bacterial consortia process,greenhouse gas reduction and energy recovery technologies

Because of the low energy consumption of aeration, strong nutrient removal capacity, low greenhouse gas emissions and high resource recovery potential, the wastewater treatment process using microalgal–bacterial consortia is considered as an excellent alternative to the traditional activated sludge wastewater treatment process. In this review, the wastewater treatment process based on microalgal–bacterial consortia and its greenhouse gas emission reduction mechanism are introduced. The potential advantages and constraints of the process in carbon neutral wastewater treatment were highlighted and critically discussed. The environmental impact of wastewater treatment, the research progress of environment-friendly treatment technologies and the challenges faced by integrating these technologies are discussed. However, the wastewater treatment process based on microalgae–bacteria consortia still needs to be studied. In the future, it is necessary to optimize the scheme for quantifying the environmental impact of wastewater treatment and further expand the recycling rate and cost value of wastewater resources.     

Laccase-catalyzed conversion of natural and synthetic hormones from a municipal wastewater

The Trametes versicolor-derived laccase-catalyzed oxidation of natural estrogens (estrone--E1; 17beta-estradiol--E2; and estriol--E3) and a synthetic estrogen (17alpha-ethinylestradiol--EE2) was studied in synthetic water and municipal wastewater to optimize the process for steroid estrogen removal in wastewater. The optimal pH for each studied steroid estrogen oxidation was approximately 6 in synthetic water. This research also focused on the wastewater matrix effect on developed enzymatic treatment. At pH 7.0 and 25+/-1 degrees C, the experiments showed that the laccase-catalyzed system for the removal of steroid estrogens was not significantly affected by the municipal wastewater matrix. Laccase activity of 20 U/ml was sufficient to achieve complete removal of studied steroid estrogens in both synthetic water and municipal wastewater. Moreover, 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole, when used as a mediator, improved laccase-catalyzed system efficiency, thus decreasing the overall cost of the enzymatic system.