基于MapX的庐山旅游信息系统的设计与开发

以江西省庐山风景区为例,在分析MapX特点和应用的基础上,论述了利用MapX控件设计和开发庐山旅游信息系统的方法;通过该系统可对庐山旅游信息进行查询、统计和分析,并提供景点附近的公共设施查询及其相应的图文资料。     

江西省水利风景区发展模式研究——以庐山西海水利风景区为例

江西省水利风景区开发建设已有十余年,但是景区发展速度总体上比较缓慢,发展程度参差不齐。全省水利风景区普遍采用政府主导、市场运作的发展模式,在一定程度上有效推动了水利风景区的开发建设。以庐山西海水利风景区为个案,分析庐山西海景区发展模式的建设经验与成效。     

内蒙古自治区托克托县地质灾害易发区评价

文章在对内蒙古自治区托克托县地质灾害发育的背景条件及人类工程活动因素进行详细调查的基础上，对地质灾害易发区进行评价，为相关地质灾害防治提供科学的依据。     

梅州市地质灾害气象预报方法初探

梅州市是广东省地质灾害多发地,该文通过对发生在梅州地区的地质灾害同期气象条件的分析,统计出地质灾害的发生与前期降水之间的关系,确定地质灾害气象预警等级指标,建立二维判据,从而作出地质灾害等级预报等级,为各级管理部门及地质灾害易发区的预防和减少灾害的损失提供预警。     

基于层次分析法的茂县斜坡地质灾害易发性评价

茂县是西南深切河谷地区地质灾害的重灾县之一,亦是对区域地质灾害进行特征分析及易发性评价的良好试验基地。在茂县斜坡地质灾害详查及遥感数据解译的基础上,选取高程、地形起伏度、坡形、坡度、地层岩性、水系因子及地质构造7个因素作为评价指标,采用层次分析法对研究区斜坡地质灾害易发性进行评价与区划。结果表明:地质灾害高易发区占地面积约46.1 km²,占10.02%,主要分布于研究区的岷江干流沿岸及其部分支流沿岸等;中易发区面积约149.59 km²,占32.52%;低易发区面积约205.25 km²,占44.62%;非易发区面积约59.06 km²,占12.84%。评价结果与野外调查基本吻合,可为茂县斜坡地质灾害防治及土体规划利用提供依据。     

基于信息量模型与Logistic回归模型耦合的山西吕梁市地质灾害易发性评价研究

吕梁市位于山西省西部,近年来由于资源过度开采以及人类工程活动的加剧,引发了大量地质灾害,呈现出加剧趋势。所以,对吕梁市地质灾害进行易发性评价具有十分重要的现实意义。本文选取坡向、高程、道路、水系、工程岩组、坡体形态、坡度、植被、起伏度为评价指标,采用信息量法与Logistic回归耦合模型对吕梁市进行地质灾害易发性评价,并依据偏似然比检验结果检验指标的相关性,消除了因子间共线性影响。结果表明:耦合模型与信息量模型评价结果总体上一致,但是耦合模型的评价分区结果与灾害点的分布情况更加吻合;灾害高易发区多集中在750～1 500 m高程内、黄土地区以及距道路、水系1 km范围内。因此,本文基于耦合模型的评价结果,将吕梁市地质灾害易发性等级分为高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区,通过易发性等级区划为吕梁市减灾防灾工作提供了一定的参考。     

吉林省辉南县地质灾害发育特征及易发性评价

本文根据野外实际调查成果,描述了辉南县地质灾害发育的特点,分析了辉南县地质灾害发育的控制因素和影响因素,并选取了地质灾害点密度、岩体类型、地形地貌、地质构造密度、人类活动强度、森林覆盖率和降雨量强度作为评价因子进行了灾害易发区划分,其结果可对当地制定相应的应急预案、采取相应的防范措施提供依据.     

重庆万州龙驹坝地区滑坡灾害易发性分析

基于对重庆市万州区龙驹坝地区地质灾害详细调查数据的综合分析,开展了滑坡灾害易发性区划评价研究。首先,通过对区内滑坡影响因子的提取分析,采用粗糙集方法,得到了控制滑坡易发性的三大类6个主要分项指标;进而,将各评价因子根据滑坡发育情况进行属性状态划分,得到相应的计算数值。最后选取BP神经网络模型评价方法,经过样本区数据选取、神经网络训练、易发性计算评价得出区内易发性结果,并利用Arc GIS的分类功能将滑坡的易发性分为4个级别:低易发区、中易发区、高易发区、极高易发区。结果表明:极高和高易发区主要分布在地质构造核部,与实际调查情况相符。研究结论对区内地质灾害防治工作具有实际意义。     

基于加权证据权法的吴堡地质灾害敏感性评价研究

通过对晋陕黄土高原河曲-韩城段吴堡县图幅(J49 E 016011)1∶50000地质灾害野外调查,室内收集资料整理分析,选取高程、坡度、坡向、粗糙度、河流、地层、道路、土地利用8个因素作为地质灾害敏感性影响因子。利用Arc GIS空间分析功能,采取证据权法结合层次分析法对图幅范围灾害敏感性研究,用自然断点法将研究区分为高易发区、中易发区、低易发区与极低易发区4类,敏感性分区图与野外调查情况基本一致,其AUC评价指标值为0.821,表明该方法预测精度较高,对地质灾害野外调查重点区划分具有一定指导意义,为区域防灾减灾提供科学依据。     

基于GIS与逻辑回归的清平滑坡易发性评价

四川省绵竹市清平地区在"5·12"汶川大地震作用下形成了大量的滑坡等地质灾害。基于Arc GIS平台,运用遥感及地理信息技术获取滑坡信息,选择高程、坡度、坡向、水系、断层、地层岩性作为滑坡易发性评价因子,采用逻辑回归模型对该区域滑坡易发性进行了分析,并将研究区划分为高易发区、中等易发区和低易发区,并对这评价结果进行分析。结果表明:(1)滑坡高易发区主要位于研究区的东部、西北部和南部区域;(2)高中易发区结果的精度为0.936,表明这逻辑回归的预测能力较好。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.