基于计算机的电容式湿敏元件测试系统及应用

介绍了一种基于计算机技术的新型智能电容式湿敏元件测试系统。该系统采用计算机及单片机技术,应用两次积分复数测量法测量湿敏元件的电容值和品质因数(Q)值。该系统实现了自动化测试,具有数据处理、分析计算、记忆、图表处理等多种功能,还可同时测量湿敏元件的灵敏度、湿滞、线性度等。电容值测试精度达到±0.1pF,Q值测量精度达到±5%。     

用直、交流方法分析高分子电阻型湿敏元件的敏感机理

利用接枝共聚反应合成了具有良好湿敏特性的功能高分子材料,用该材料制作了特性良好的电阻型湿度传感器。利用瞬时直流极性反转法研究了该元件在不同的温度环境中的导电粒子;利用复阻抗分析进一步分析了元件在不同的湿度环境中的导电类型和等效电路。     

纳米ZrO2 基烧结型双敏元件的研究􀀂

纳米ZrO2作为一种新型的陶瓷材料已被应用于许多领域.本文主要介绍了低温强碱法制备纳米ZrO2材料,利用纳米ZrO2进行掺杂制作的元件有较好的气、湿敏特性.元件具有响应恢复快、结构简单等特点.作为湿敏元件时元件电容随湿度变化大,温度影响较小.作为电阻型气敏元件时,元件对NH3的选择性高.     

水热腐蚀铁钝化多孔硅的湿敏特性研究

采用水热腐蚀铁钝化法在单晶硅片上生长铁钝化多孔硅(IPS)薄膜,以IPS为感湿介质制成湿敏元件。在不同湿度环境以及测试频率下,测出其电容值,得到了IPS的湿敏特性曲线。研究发现,当相对湿度从11%RH逐渐增加到95%RH的过程中,在测试频率为100Hz时,IPS湿敏元件的电容值增大幅度达1500%,电容响应时间在升湿过程和脱湿过程分别为15s和5s,并且IPS湿敏元件的温度系数在15℃到35℃的范围内较小。结果表明:IPS湿敏元件的特性包括灵敏度、响应时间以及温度系数等均优于多孔硅(PS)湿敏元件的特性。     

钛酸钡湿敏元件的介电特性

制备了电阻式纳米钛酸钡湿敏元件,测试了元件的阻抗、电容,以及介电损耗特性.测试频率对元件的阻抗-相对湿度特性曲线影响较大,特别是低湿范围.100 Hz时曲线的线性度最好.元件的电容在低频范围随相对湿度的升高而增大,但高频范围几乎不随相对湿度变化.在10～105 Hz频率范围内,湿敏元件在11%～98%RH范围都出现了介电损耗的极大值,而且随着相对湿度增大,介电损耗极大值向高频方向移动.分析实验结果,在环境水分子浓度变化时,不仅电阻式湿敏元件感湿材料的电阻发生变化,介电常数也发生变化,水分子的极化也同时存在,但是其电阻随相对湿度的变化最为明显.     

TiO_2SnO_2系新型湿敏元件的研制

本文提出了一种新型TiO_2-SnO_2系湿敏元件.文中介绍了该器件的主要结构工艺,对感湿机理进行了探讨,并研究其特性.研究结果表明,这种湿敏器件具有良好的湿敏特性,制造工艺简单、成本低等特点.     

基于LabVIEW的湿度传感器的特性测试与分析

以上海仪器仪表研究所生产的ZL5型智能ICR测量仪为硬件基础,采用Agilent公司生产的82350A GPIB接口卡和GPIB电缆将测试仪与PC机连接起来,在LabVIEW开发平台下,编制了功能强大的通信、测试与处理软件,组成了一套湿度传感器的自动测试系统.该系统可以对湿敏元件的响应恢复特性、湿敏特性、频率特性、电容特性和复阻抗特性等进行实时测量,极大地提高了测试效率,减少了实验数据处理过程中主观误差.     

SnO2-LiZnVO4系湿敏陶瓷烧结工艺与电性能关系的复阻抗分析

采用共沉淀法制备出SnO2-LiZnVO4系湿敏试样,分别在不同烧结温度和保温时间下于空气中烧成,测量试样的湿敏特性,并通过复阻抗分析方法,研究了SnO2系湿敏元件烧结工艺与电性能的关系,探讨烧结工艺对敏感材料微结构的影响.结果表明: 适当调整烧结工艺参数可明显改善材料的微结构和湿敏性能,850℃×1h试样具有高湿电阻小灵敏度适中的湿敏特性;复阻抗分析表明,试样的电容在低频范围随烧结温度的升高和保温时间的延长先减小后增大,但高频范围几乎不随烧结温度的变化,且随时间的延长,试样的复阻抗谱的半圆弧弧长逐渐增大.     

铁酸镧与高分子复合材料湿敏元件特性分析

采用纳米铁酸镧与高分子复合材料制成湿敏元件。研究了复合材料和湿敏元件的制作,测试讨论了灵敏度、湿滞、电容特性、阻抗特性、响应 恢复时间等湿度敏感特性。结果表明:元件的灵敏度较高、湿滞较小,元件的电容值和阻抗值随频率与相对湿度而变化。     

碱金属氧化物掺杂 对TiO2-V2O5系湿敏陶瓷的影响 ’

本文研究了碱金属氧化物掺杂对TiO2-V2O5系湿敏陶瓷的影响．结果表明：掺入碱金属氧化物和烧结温度等将影响材料的微结构及湿敏性能，其中含K2O材料有较高的湿敏性能．元件经聚合正硅酸酯溶液浸泡在50℃，85％RH下老化50h，提高了元件的湿度灵敏度和稳定性。     

Humidity sensing and electrical properties of a composite material of nano-sized SiO2 and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate)

A composite material of nano-sized SiO₂ and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) (poly(AMPS)) was used to make a humidity sensor. The infrared (IR) spectra and microstructure of the material were analyzed, and the humidity sensing and electrical properties of the sensor were measured. The sensor well responded to humidity with a relative good linearity, though it depended on the applied frequency. The temperature influence between 15 and 35 °C was −0.71 and −0.15% RH/°C at 30 and 90% RH, respectively. The sensor showed a negligible hysteresis and fast response time upon humidification and desiccation. The stability of the sensor in a highly humid and alcoholic environment increased with increasing the SiO₂ content. The activation energy for conduction reduced with water adsorption. The different impedance plots observed at low and high relative humidity suggested different sensing mechanisms of the SiO₂/poly(AMPS) composite material.     

用复阻抗法分析纳米钛酸钡湿敏元件感湿机理

用复阻抗方法对硅衬底纳米钛酸钡湿敏元件的感湿机理进行了分析。实验测量了湿敏元件在不同相对湿度下的复阻抗特性曲线及阻抗、电容等参数随频率的变化曲线。分析出相应的等效电路,推导了等效电路有关参数,分析讨论了纳米钛酸钡湿敏元件的感湿机理。低湿时,感湿材料本身颗粒电阻和电容及吸附的少量水分子共同起作用;高湿时,吸附的水分子电离和极化起主要作用。     

K2O-SnO2-LiZnVO4系湿敏陶瓷特性的研究

采用共沉淀法制备出K2O-SnO2-LiZnVO4系湿敏陶瓷材料,考察了液相掺杂K 对材料湿敏特性的影响,研究了材料的灵敏度、电容特性、阻抗特性等湿敏性能.实验结果表明: K 液相掺杂为10 mol%时可使材料具有低湿电阻小,灵敏度适中的特性.测试频率对试样的阻抗-相对湿度特性曲线影响较大,100 Hz时曲线的线性度最好.试样的电容在低频范围随相对湿度的升高而增大,但高频范围几乎不随相对湿度变化.     

K_2O-SnO_2-LiZnVO_4系湿敏陶瓷电性能的复阻抗分析

采用共沉淀法制备出K2O-SnO2-L iZnVO4系湿敏陶瓷材料,考察了液相掺杂K+对材料湿敏特性的影响,通过复阻抗分析方法,研究了材料的电性能,并进一步分析了试样在不同湿度中的导电机理和等效电路。结果表明:K+液相掺杂的摩尔分数为10%时可使材料具有低湿电阻小,灵敏度适中的特性。复阻抗分析表明:试样的电容在低频范围随相对湿度的升高而增大,但高频范围几乎不随相对湿度变化,且试样在低湿时主要以电子导电为主,高湿时以离子导电为主。     

Highly sensitive humidity sensor at low humidity based on the quaternized polypyrrole composite film

Polypyrrole composite was fabricated by using chemical polymerization at room temperature, which was further quaternized with 1,4-bromobutane to prepare the humidity sensitive material. The electrical properties of the sensor were measured. The results showed that the quaternized polypyrrole composite film exhibited low impedance at very low humidity; the impedance value was about 780 kΩ at 11% RH and the impedance changed from 10⁶ to 10³ Ω between 11% and 95% RH, which was suitable for detection of low humidity. Moreover, the logarithm of impedance of the polypyrrole composite film varied linearly (R² = 0.9916) with relative humidity in the range of 11–95% RH. Surface and cross-sectional morphology of the films, response–recovery time and hysteresis were also measured and estimated. The sensing mechanism of the sensor was also investigated.     

Electrical and humidity sensing properties of carbon nanotubes-SiO2-poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) composite material

Alkali salts of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate) (PAMPS)-SiO₂ and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-SiO₂-PAMPS were used as composite materials to make a humidity sensor. The impedances of these composite materials were measured at various humidities and temperatures in the frequency range of 1–100 kHz. The results indicated that the H⁺ form of the PAMPS-SiO₂ composite film had the highest electrical conductance. For practical use, a humidity sensor, which was a low-resistance device, commonly required for electronic circuit compatibility, was prepared from SWCNTs-SiO₂-PAMPS composites. The sensing mechanism of the SWCNTs-SiO₂-PAMPS composite films were explained by considering the observed impedance plot and activation energy compared with a SiO₂-PAMPS composite film. At low relative humidity (RH), new conductive paths were formed, whereas with increasing RH, the ionic contribution became prevalent. Other sensing properties of the SWCNTs-SiO₂-PAMPS composite films such as effects of applied frequency, ambient temperature and hysteresis were also investigated.     

Analysis of dc and ac properties of humidity sensor based on polypyrrole materials

Polypyrrole (PPY) materials were prepared by using chemical polymerization at room temperature for 96 h. A resistive-type humidity sensor was fabricated on a ceramic substrate with Ag–Pd interdigital electrodes. The humidity-sensing mechanism of the polypyrrole materials was discussed in terms of capacitance, direct current, complex impedance and dielectric loss properties. The discussion on the sensing mechanism indicated that not only electrons or ions but also dipoles contributed to the conduction in the whole relative humidity range.