小波包分解下的多窗谱估计语音增强算法

传统谱减法是基于短时傅里叶变换的单一分辨率算法,具有较大方差。为此,提出一种基于小波包分解下的多窗谱估计语音增强算法。将含噪语音在小波包下分解成不同频段,在不同频段下进行多窗谱谱减运算,并逐一进行小波包重构,以得到去噪后的语音信号。仿真结果表明,该算法能提高含噪语音的信噪比,降低语言失真度。     

Hilbert—Huang变换在谱分析中的应用

本文对Hilbert—Huang变换（Hilbert-Huang Transform）理论做了仿真研究，并通过仿真实验对非平稳信号作经验模式分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition），得到它的固有模态函数（Intrinsic　Mode　Function）分量；对各个分量作Hilbert变换，得到瞬时频率，并构造希尔伯特谱-时间-频率的时频分布图。通过与短时傅立叶变换（Short　Time　Fourier　Transform）、小波变换（Ｗavelet　Tramform的分析比较，Hilbert—Huang变换方法更能反应原始数据的固有特性，有更好的时频聚集性，更适用于对突变信号和非平稳信号的处理。     

基于VMD和小波分析的电能扰动信号去噪算法

为了提高检测电能扰动信号特征的精度,抑制混杂噪声的干扰,提出将变分模态分解(VMD)结合小波阈值的去噪算法。首先利用Hilbert变换对扰动信号进行频谱分析,通过计算平均瞬时频率值,确定分解的模态个数;然后将含噪信号进行VMD分解,筛选部分模态分量重构信号;最后通过小波阈值法去除重构信号的残余噪声。与现有算法去噪效果对比,实验结果表明:提出的去噪算法效果良好,能够更好保留扰动期间信号的特征信息。     

基于小波包与自适应维纳滤波的语音增强算法

语音增强主要用来提高受噪声污染的语音可懂度和语音质量,它的主要应用与在嘈杂环境中提高移动通信质量有关。传统的语音增强方法有谱减法、维纳滤波、小波系数法等。针对复杂噪声环境下传统语音增强算法增强后的语音质量不佳且存在音乐噪声的问题,提出了一种结合小波包变换和自适应维纳滤波的语音增强算法。分析小波包多分辨率在信号频谱划分中的作用,通过小波包对含噪信号作多尺度分解,对不同尺度的小波包系数进行自适应维纳滤波,使用滤波后的小波包系数重构进而获取增强的语音信号。仿真实验结果表明,与传统增强算法相比,该算法在低信噪比的非平稳噪声环境下不仅可以更有效地提高含噪语音的信噪比,而且能较好地保存语音的谱特征,提高了含噪语音的质量。     

HHT方法在人体下肢表面肌电信号分析中的应用

针对表面肌电信号是非线性非稳态信号的特点,为了得到信号的有效特征并对信号特征进行有效分析,采用HHT(Hilbert-Huang Transformation)分析方法,通过经验模态分解将信号分解为一组内蕴模态函数。基于各内蕴模态函数的频率特征的分析,对它们进行HHT变换建立表面肌电信号的时间-频率-能量三维Hilbert谱,进而得到信号的边际谱。文中给出基于经验模态分解阈值消噪方法,和小波阈值方法相比,其消噪效果明显,在抑制噪声的同时,能够较好保留信号边缘和细节信息。初步实验表明HHT方法为表面肌电信号的特征提取和模式识别提供了可靠的依据,具有很好的应用前景。     

基于小波和EMD的语音信号去噪

为了解决语音信号问题,本文在传统小波阈值去噪方法的基础上提出了提出了一种基于经验模态分解的小波阚值去噪算法,并与小波阂值去噪法和EMD去噪效果相比较,试验结果证明,基于经验模态分解的小波去噪效果是相当有效和稳定的．为研究语音信号去噪处理提供了新的手段。     

基于小波分解和信号相关函数的语音端点检测

为检测和分离含噪语音信号中的信号段和噪声段,提出一种基于小波分解和信号相关函数的检测方法.该方法对含噪信号进行多层小波分解,利用相邻层重构信号间的相似性,通过信号相关计算来检测语音端点.实验表明:该方法能够较准确地在噪声污染的音频中检测出语音端点,其抗噪声干扰能力强于美尔倒谱检测法.     

基于ICA算法的集合经验模态分解去噪方法

针对非线性非平稳信号的去噪问题,提出了一种基于独立分量分析(Decomposition Components Analysis,简称ICA)算法的集合经验模态分解去噪方法。首先利用白噪声辅助数据分析方法——集合经验模态分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,简称EEMD)有效的抑制了经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,简称EMD)中存在的端点效应和模态混叠现象,然后利用ICA算法对含噪信号经过EEMD分解后的有限个固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,简称IMF)进行去噪处理,有效的分离出若干个有效的语音信号分量,并对其进行语音重构,最后与小波阈值去噪方法进行比较,通过仿真可以看出,该方法对于信号去噪较为理想。     

基于阈值的小波域语音降噪新算法

提出了一种新的基于阈值的小波域语音降噪算法。采用小波包对含噪语音进行分解，克服了传统的正交小波变换的缺陷。采用自适应阈值的方法，对每一尺度上的噪声最大量进行去噪，保留有用信号，可以进一步提高信噪比，仿真实验表明，该方法有更好的去噪效果。     

基于MATLAB的小波包信号消噪处理

信噪分离是小波包应用于信号分析的一个重要方面。本文在基于MATLAB的基础上,采用小波包对含高斯白噪声信号进行分解,通过不同的量化阈值对小波包系数进行处理、重构得出小波包消噪后的信号。计算机仿真结果表明,用不同量化阈值的小波包可对含高斯白声信号进行消噪重构。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.