基于模态综合技术的结构有限元模型修正

由于结构的动力分析需要大量的计算时间和占用大量的计算机内存,常规的数值迭代计算方法难以实现,提出了基于模态综合技术的模型修正方法。该方法首先得到缩减后结构模型的频率与振型,并将该振型转换为缩减前模型物理坐标下的振型。然后,用缩减后模型的频率和转换后的振型,共同构成模型修正的优化目标函数,进而通过优化求解实现结构的模型修正。该方法既保证了计算精度又提高了模型修正的计算效率,使大型复杂结构的模型修正成为可能。最后,对某吊杆拱桥模型进行了动态测试和模型修正,验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于响应面法的数控磨床立柱热特性有限元模型修正

提出基于数控磨床立柱热变形检测与有限元模型分析相结合的一种有限元模型修正方法。将数控磨床立柱热特性位移误差与热载荷参数之间的隐形关系用显示函数近似表达出来,代替原有的有限元模型。在此基础上对有限元模型进行优化,提高有限元模型准确度。对数控磨床立柱有限元模型修正的结果表明,基于响应面模型的数控磨床立柱热特性有限元模型修正方法可以快速有效地修正模型,且修正结果精度高。     

基于键合图的模型修正方法

提出了一种基于键合图的参数型模型修正方法。该方法以实测的基于键合图的模态参数和结构的原始设计参数为参考基,寻找满足特征方程且与参考基最邻近的修正过的结构参数。其原理简单,运用方便,只需进行3次迭代。这不仅能应用于力学系统的模型修正,还能推广应用于非力学系统及复杂的多能域耦合系统的模型修正问题。给出的算例证明,运用该方法能取得较好的修正效果     

位移控制电液伺服振动台加速度谱再现研究

本文提出了一种在位移控制单油缸电液伺服振动台上再现加速度目标谱的方法.在原振动台系统PID位移控制的基础上,引入迭代学习控制算法ILC,建立外部离线offline迭代控制系统模型,实现加速度误差计算,并通过加速度频域二次积分方法,完成加速度误差结果与位移参量的转换,用于修正振动台位移控制输入,从而确保位移控制下目标加速度的轨迹再现.仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够在单油缸位移控制电液伺服振动台上再现加速度谱,控制精度符合误差要求.为在单油缸电液伺服振动台上进行振动特性模拟试验提供了可以借鉴的方法,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

有限元模型BERMAN修正算法的改进

BERMAN修正方法基于无阻尼系统的模态正交条件 ,利用实验模态矩阵和特征值对有限元理论模型进行修正。指出该方法存在的 2个缺陷 ,给出一种改进后的BERMAN修正方法 ,并编写了相应的迭代程序。通过修正一个实际例子表明 ,改进后的BERMAN修正方法有可取之处。     

基于频响函数的稳健有限元模型修正

传统的基于频响函数(frequency response function,简称FRF)的模型修正方法在测试噪声较大、初始分析频响与测试频响残差较大、待修正参数较多等情况下不易收敛,为此提出了一种采用移频技术的极大似然估计有限元模型修正方法。首先,利用"先验"的频响函数方差信息,构造极大似然估计器,迭代求得最优的待修正参数估计;其次,在迭代方程中引入移频方法,采用总体最小二乘平差方法计算方程的解,以提高参数识别的收敛性和稳定性;最后,根据频率点的筛选准则剔除数据,采用一种高精度的频响扩充方法以减小扩充所带来的额外误差。列车转向架构架仿真算例和三角机翼飞机测试模型的修正结果表明,该方法抗噪性较强,在复杂情况下仍可以得到较好的修正结果。     

考虑温度影响的表面波压力测量模型研究

薄壁压力容器是一种常见的工业设备,为了保证生产过程的顺利进行,经常需要检测它们的压力。表面波在材料表面的传播速度与表面应力有关,因此以表面应力为中间变量,建立了被测容器压力与由此引起的表面波传播时间变化之间的关系模型。考虑温度、温度应力对表面波传播速度的影响,以及温度变化引起的热变形对传播距离的影响,推导了表面波压力检测的修正模型,并对修正模型各参数进行了分析,得到简化模型。实验证明了模型的正确性。使用该方法时,压力测量最大误差为0.11 MPa,平均误差为0.045 MPa。     

基于T-S模糊模型的非线性系统广义预测控制

针对离散非线性系统,提出一种基于T-S模糊模型的广义预测控制方法。该方法将采样点的T-S模糊模型转化为采样点线性模型与非线性误差叠加的线性形式,通过迭代修正非线性误差,使具有非线性误差的线性模型预测控制律逐渐逼近采样点T-S模糊模型预测控制律。同时,该预测控制方法也能适用于当系统受输入输出约束时的控制。仿真结果验证了所提出的TS模糊模型广义预测方法有效。     

水下系泊监测平台动态响应的计算模型与数值模拟

基于Hopkinson冲击载荷理论,针对水下系泊监测平台在水流作用下的动态响应,考虑系泊缆的垂度效应,采用等效弹性模量法修正拉力和弦向作用力之间的差异,建立了水下系泊监测平台的计算模型和数值分析模型。利用水力学理论、海洋工程结构力学理论以及流固耦合的方法分别对计算模型和数值分析模型进行求解,研究了浮体在水流作用下的动态响应特性。结果表明,浮体会产生较大的垂荡位移和横荡位移,横荡位移很快趋于平稳,垂荡位移受水流涡激升力的影响会产生振动。     

基于 Preisach 模型的磁致伸缩位移传感器迟滞补偿方法

迟滞是磁致伸缩位移传感器测量误差的主要来源之一,减小迟滞可以显著提高传感器的测量精度。根据铁磁材料的磁滞特性分析了位移迟滞的形成过程。针对磁致伸缩位移传感器在短行程中仍存在较大迟滞的问题,将传感器整体视为迟滞系统并通过Preisach模型描述其输入输出关系,然后在此基础上提出了一种软件层面上的迟滞补偿方法,将迟滞曲线分段线性化以计算迭代初始值并根据稳态误差确定收敛值的搜索范围。为解决理论模型在磁环转向后的一小段距离内与实际偏差较大的问题,在转向点附近对迭代过程中的收敛条件进行调整,有效提高了补偿方法在该区域内的准确性。实验结果表明,该方法所需的迭代次数较少,且经过补偿后,传感器的迟滞降低至原先的1/3左右,非线性度也得到了小幅度提升。在不改动现有传感器结构的前提下,该方法可快速、有效地降低传感器的位移迟滞,为磁致伸缩位移传感器的迟滞补偿提供了一种新的方案。     

基于模型修正的大跨斜拉桥损伤识别方法

首先,根据斜拉桥的结构特点,将主梁等效为弹性地基梁,由此可推知结构损伤而导致的内力重分布只影响损伤部位附近单元,以此作为结构损伤位置的初步判断的依据;然后,由于内力重分布程度与结构损伤前的初始位移成线性关系,可知汽车荷载作用下的索力变化对损伤更为敏感.根据基准有限元模型,采用优化算法,以损伤单元的损伤程度为设计变量,以实测索力变化和理论索力变化之差为目标函数,对有限元模型进行修正,进而实现结构损伤程度的识别;最后,以苏通长江大桥为例,对4种损伤工况进行了分析识别.计算结果表明,根据同一汽车荷载作用下的索力变化,可以有效地识别主梁单元的损伤位置和程度.     

三维随行电缆简化模型有限元建模与模态实验

将一种电梯随行电缆简化为细长钢带结构,讨论了对该结构进行模态测试的方法。通过测试水平、垂直和侧向三个方向的振动,得到平面内与平面外的模态参数。利用壳单元与梁单元建立了细长钢带结构的三维有限元模型;模态实验得到的固有频率和振型与有限元分析结果一致;根据模态参数分析了随行电缆撞击墙壁、缠绕打结的原因,并提出改善其动力学特性的方法。     

Investigation on contact parameters in cold rotary forging using a 3D FE method

Cold rotary forging is an advanced but very complicated metal plastic forming technology with continuous local plastic deformation. Investigating the contact parameters between the contact interactions has a great importance to improve the contact performance. This paper is aimed to utilize the finite element (FE) method to study the contact parameters in a complex continuous local forming technology of cold rotary forging. For this purpose, a reasonable 3D elastic–plastic dynamic explicit FE model of cold rotary forging of 20CrMnTi alloy is developed using the FE software ABAQUS/Explicit. Based on this valid 3D FE model, some important contact parameters, such as the contact pressure, contact slip rate, contact slip distance, and contact force, are numerically examined in detail. The results of this research help to better understand the complicated contact mechanisms in cold rotary forging.     

水下监测平台系泊缆冲击张力的数值模拟

针对水下监测平台系统在水流作用下的动力响应及系泊缆的冲击张力问题,基于Hopkinson冲击载荷理论,考虑系泊缆的垂度效应,采用等效弹性模量法修正了系泊缆拉力和弦向作用力之间的差异,建立了水下监测平台浮体和系泊缆在碰撞及稳定运行过程中的系统动力学模型.利用水力学理论和海洋工程结构力学理论对其进行求解,研究了在受到冲击及冲击结束后系泊缆的受力特性和平台的运动特性.针对具体算例和水文环境进行计算.计算结果表明,在水流的作用下,浮体会产生较大的垂荡和横荡位移,横荡位移很快趋于稳定,垂荡位移由于水流涡激升力的影响会产生振动.由于浮体和系泊缆间冲击的存在,以及水流涡激升力的影响,系泊缆在松弛-张紧转变过程中,其张力产生较大的变化.     

基于ANSYS的可转位刀片有限元分析

采用有限元软件ANSYS构建出具有复杂截面几何特性、复杂边界条件的硬质合金可转位刀片三维有限元模型。通过切削力试验测得切削力，在ANSYS中加载求解，进行应力场分析，计算出刀具的最大应力等，利用ANSYS的有限元分析和计算机图形学结合功能，显示三维应力等值线(面)、位移等值线(面)。结果表明该有限元模型更接近硬质合金可转位刀片的真实形状，可方便地进行硬质合金可转位刀具的抗弯强度和抗压强度校核，有利于对切削过程中的力学特性进行深入研究，为硬质合金可转位刀片的优化设计提供基础理论。     

Modeling small-scale resistance spot welding machine dynamics for process control

Electrode displacement is generally regarded as a variable that can provide real-time information useful for monitoring and controlling resistance spot welding (RSW) process quality. However, in small-scale RSW production, it is difficult to measure the displacement because its magnitude is very small. By contrast, force signals are relatively large and thus are less susceptible to measurement noise. In this article, an empirical model is proposed to simulate the dynamics of an SSRSW head with the objective of calculating electrode displacement from the variation of electrode clamping force measured during welding. The parameters in the model were determined by fitting experimental force and displacement signals with polynomials and then performing an optimization search for parameters of first-order dynamic models. To verify the models’ accuracy, they were subsequently applied to simulate the electrode displacement curves of welds with expulsion and without expulsion. The calculated displacement curves agreed well with experimental measurements, and the occurrence of expulsion was clearly indicated by the model predictions. A more comprehensive model is under construction with an objective to eliminate displacement sensor in the monitoring and control of SSRSW process.     

Simulations and experimental investigation on motion stability of a flexible rotor-bearing system with a transverse crack

In the classical process for stability studies on the rotor-bearing system with crack faults, the simple discrete model is adopted for research on such problems, which neglect some needful dynamical influence factor, such as the material damping, shearing effect and gyroscopic effects, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to find a precise calculation model for simulation of the rotor-bearing system with cracks faults. In this paper, instead of the traditional simple discrete model, finite element （FE） model is adopted to investigate the motion stability of a nonlinear rotor system with crack fault. According to finite element theory, the FE model of the cracked rotor system is established firstly. It should be pointed out that the element where the crack occurs is modeled by a particular crack element and the supports at both ends are simulated by two nonlinear loads. Then, based on dimensionless and dimensionality reduction, the Newmark-[3 method and the shooting method are employed to study the effect of eccentricity and the depth of crack on instability speed and bifurcation feature. Furthermore, the simulation results are verified by some corresponding experiments. The simulation and experimental results show that instability speed does not change monotonically, but decreases firstly and then increases when the amount of eccentricity increases. Moreover, as the type of instability changes, the instability speed jumps concomitantly. Additionally, the presence of crack fault can disturb the oil whirl, as a result, instability speed tends to increase slightly, but it does not affect the type of instability and jumping phenomenon. This research presents an effective and convenient method which uses the finite element method （FEM） to research the motion stability of the nonlinear rotor-bearing system with cracked faults and other nonlinear force, and the proposed method can provide a theoretical reference for stability analysis and vibration control in more complex relevant rotor-bearing system.     

Optimal Design and Force Control of a Nine-Cable-Driven Parallel Mechanism for Lunar Takeoff Simulation

Traditional simulation methods are unable to meet the requirements of lunar takeo simulations, such as high force output precision, low cost, and repeated use. Considering that cable-driven parallel mechanisms have the advantages of high payload to weight ratio, potentially large workspace, and high-speed motion, these mechanisms have the potential to be used for lunar takeo simulations. Thus, this paper presents a parallel mechanism driven by nine cables. The purpose of this study is to optimize the dimensions of the cable-driven parallel mechanism to meet dynamic workspace requirements under cable tension constraints. The dynamic workspace requirements are derived from the kinematical function requests of the lunar takeo simulation equipment. Experimental design and response surface methods are adopted for building the surrogate mathematical model linking the optimal variables and the optimization indices. A set of dimensional parameters are determined by analyzing the surrogate mathematical model. The volume of the dynamic workspace increased by 46% after optimization. Besides, a force control method is proposed for calculating output vector and sinusoidal forces. A force control loop is introduced into the traditional position control loop to adjust the cable force precisely, while controlling the cable length. The e ectiveness of the proposed control method is verified through experiments. A 5% vector output accuracy and 12 Hz undulation force output can be realized. This paper proposes a cable-driven parallel mechanism which can be used for lunar takeo simulation.     

Hybrid FE/ANN and LPR approach for the inverse identification of material parameters from cutting tests

Accuracy of numerical models based in finite elements (FE), extensively used for simulation of cutting processes, depends strongly on the identification of proper material parameters. Experimental identification of the constitutive law parameters for simulation of cutting processes involves unsolved problems such as the complex testing techniques or the difficulty to reproduce the stress triaxiality state during cutting. This work proposes a methodology for the inverse identification of the material parameters from cutting test. Two hybrid approaches are compared. One of them based on FE and artificial neural networks (ANN). The other one based on FE and local polynomial regression (LPR). Firstly, a FE model is validated with experimental data. Then, ANN and LPR are trained with FE simulations. Finally, the estimated ANN and LPR models are used for the inverse identification of material parameters. This identification is solved as an optimization problem. The FE/LPR approach shows good performance, outperforming the FE/ANN approach.