Coaxial hybrid process of hollow cathode TIG and YAG laser welding

To make progress in laser-arc hybrid welding, especially when applied to thick steel plate, it is essential to get the remarkable synergic effect of deep penetration. It is suggested that the effective process is combining hollow cathode TIG with high beam quality laser welding. Penetration of hollow TIG/YAG hybrid welding was investigated by numerical analysis. A keyhole surface model taking into account the laser beam parameter product (BPP) was developed. The calculated keyhole surface profiles of coaxial hybrid welding are wider and deeper than that of YAG laser welding alone. As a result, single-pass butt welding of 20 mm thickness steel plate was achieved under the conditions of BPP = 0.9 mm mrad at laser power 1.8 kW. To confirm numerical results, coaxial hybrid welding tests with a hollow cathode TIG was conducted. The welding penetration was about two times as deep as a YAG laser alone. It was found that coaxial hybrid welding with hollow TIG/YAG had a large synergic effect.     

YAG/MAG激光电弧复合焊工艺研究

利用YAG激光焊头和MAG焊枪旁轴复合进行了1Cr18Ni9Ti不镑钢的激光电弧复合焊工艺研究。研究表明：影响复合焊过程的主要工艺参数有激光功率、焊接速度、焊接电流、电弧电压、激光焦点位1、两热源的间距和相对于焊接方向的排列方式等；在一定的焊接工艺条件下所研究的YAG／MAG复合焊具有协同效应。电弧参数测试也表明，当激光与电弧复合的协同效应存在时，复合焊电流高于电弧焊，而电弧电压降低；若电弧采用过大的焊接电流与激光复合，尤其是在较低的焊接速度时，复合焊过程体现不出协同效应．复合焊熔深反而低于激光焊熔深。复合焊激光焦点位置变化对电弧稳定性和熔宽影响小，但获得最大熔深的焦点位王不同于激光焊。激光前置焊比激光后置焊获得的熔深大，两种条件下均在两热源闻距为0.5mm时熔深最大。     

Effect of relative location of laser beam and TIG arc in different hybrid welding modes

Abstract

The laser leading hybrid welding mode [laser tungsten inert gas (laser-TIG)] and TIG leading hybrid welding mode (TIG-laser) were utilised in the magnesium alloy welding process. The effects of TIG arc current and the distance between laser beam and TIG electrode (Dla) on penetration depth and melting efficiency in different hybrid welding modes were investigated. Results reveal that there is a decided difference in variation trend of penetration depth with Dla in different welding modes. The penetration depth increases first and then decreases with the Dla increasing from 1 to 7 mm in TIG-laser hybrid welding mode while the penetration depth decreases monotonously with Dla in laser-TIG hybrid welding mode. The increase percentage of melting efficiency remains at ～20% in laser-TIG hybrid welding mode while the increase percentage fluctuates acutely and achieves the maximal value (～53·14%) at the arc current of 120 A in TIG-laser hybrid welding mode.     

数字激光视觉在激光焊和复合焊接中的应用

为了获得更高焊接速度下的焊接高质量,激光焊接或激光电弧复合焊接通常需要自动化的控制系统。智能的数字激光视觉技术能保证激光或激光电弧复合热源准确地对中焊缝,在焊接时根据所测量的间隙和错边等数据实时地调整焊接过程参数,并在线检测焊后焊缝成形和探测表面缺陷。DIGILAS/MDL智能激光焊接模块在激光拼焊中的应用和数字激光视觉在结构型材、船板、管件及直缝焊管等的激光电弧复合焊系统中的应用,说明激光视觉已成为激光焊接和激光电弧复合焊接系统中提高焊接质量和一致性、增加有效焊接时间和降低总体焊接生产成本的关键组件。     

Nd:YAG激光+CMT复合热源电弧形态和熔池形貌

以304不锈钢为研究对象,借助高速摄像记录了YAG激光+CMT复合热源焊接的电弧形态和熔池形貌,研究了不同激光功率和光丝间距下的YAG激光+CMT复合热源焊接的电弧形态和熔池彤貌,并与CMT焊接进行了比较,分析了YAG激光+CMT复合热源焊接的电弧形态和熔池形貌发生变化的机理.结果表明,在Nd:YAG激光+CMT复合热...     

低功率YAG激光-MAG电弧复合焊接不锈钢

以0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢钢板为试验材料,研究了低功率脉冲YAG激光-脉冲MAG电弧复合热源和单脉冲MAG焊接不锈钢.结果表明,低功率脉冲YAG激光-脉冲MAG电弧复合热源同样具有大功率激光-电弧复合焊接才有的增加熔深、提高焊接速度、稳定焊接过程等优点;低功率脉冲YAG激光的加入改变了电弧形态,电弧根部被吸引和压缩现象显著,提高了能量利用率;与单脉冲MAG堆焊相比,在相同焊接速度下复合焊最大能增加熔深1.3倍,在相同熔深下复合焊的焊接速度可以提高50%;复合焊焊缝的晶粒较单MAG焊缝中的晶粒细小,其焊缝抗拉强度比单MAG的好,断裂属于延性断裂.     

Synergetic effects of hybrid laser/arc welding

Abstract

The present study reports the results of a study examining the synergetic effects of hybrid laser/arc welding. Experiments were carried out with a 500 W Nd:YAG laser in combination with standard gas tungsten arc welding equipment and attention was focused on two aspects: the heat transfer efficiency and the melting efficiency. The heat transfer efficiency was determined by calorimetric measurements, whereas the melting efficiency was obtained from the transverse cross-sections of welds produced under various conditions. In addition, analytic calculations of the melting efficiency were performed on the basis of a modified form of the Rosenthal equation. The results show that the interaction of the laser and the arc does not lead to a noticeable change in the heat transfer efficiency, but results in a significant increase in the melting efficiency. The observed synergic melting effect is caused by addition of the two heat sources (laser and arc) and the contraction of the arc by the laser beam.     

激光-电弧复合焊接在汽车制造中的应用

阐述了激光—电孤复合焊耧提出背景以厦其机理，介绍了国内外激光—电孤复合焊接在汽车车身制造中的应用现状，证明激光—电弧复合焊接作为一种新型焊接技术在汽车行业中将会得到越来趄广泛的应用。     

High speed TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding of mild steel plate

A TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding process was proposed to achieve high speed welding. The influences of hybrid arc welding parameters on welding speed and weld appearance were studied through orthogonal experiment and the microstructures and mechanical properties of weld were tested and compared with that of the conventional MAG weld. The TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding speed could reach up to 3.5 m/min for bead-on-plate welding of 2.5 mm thick mild steel plate under the condition of high quality of weld appearance and 4.5 m/min for butt welding of 2 mm thick mild steel plate, respectively. The mechanical properties of hybrid arc weld were not lower than that of the conventional MAG weld. The assistant TIG arc could effectively stabilize the MAG welding current and MAG arc voltage in high speed TIG–MAG hybrid arc welding process. The stable hybridization obtained by balance between TIG and MAG welding current and proper wire-electrode distance was a key factor to stabilize the welding process.     

Nd:YAG激光+脉冲GMAW复合热源焊接参数对焊缝熔宽的影响

通过试验研究了Nd:YAG激光 脉冲GMAW复合热源焊接过程中焊接工艺参数对焊缝熔宽的影响.结果表明,复合热源焊缝熔宽随电弧功率和激光功率的增大而增大,随焊接速度的提高而减小,而光丝间距和离焦量对复合热源焊缝熔宽影响相对较小.复合热源焊缝熔宽远大于激光焊缝熔宽而仅稍大于脉冲GMAW焊缝熔宽,说明在复合热源焊接过程中脉冲GMAW决定焊缝熔宽,这主要是由于激光束加热区域远小于电弧加热区域造成的.试验结果的分析比较还表明,在激光 电弧复合热源焊接过程中激光功率的增大还极大地提高了焊接速度.     

干式高压环境对TIG焊接电弧温度的影响

干式高压焊接时,环境压力对焊接电弧的影响不容忽视.电弧温度是焊接电弧物理特性的重要参数之一,测定高压环境下的电弧温度对于深入理解焊接电弧在高压环境下的物理特性,从而寻求改善水下干式高压焊接质量的新途径有重要意义.介绍了电弧等离子体光谱诊断方法,对高压环境下的TiG电弧光谱进行分析,建立了一套切实可行的高压环境电弧温度测量方法.对高压环境焊接电弧温度变化规律进行了分析,建立了环境压力与电弧温度的函数关系式,并对试验结果进行了讨论.研究结果对于高压环境焊接电弧物理特性的研究具有参考价值.     

Nd:YAG激光+CMT电弧复合热源横焊工艺参数对焊缝形貌的影响

以304不锈钢为对象,借助横焊焊缝横断面图像来分析Nd:YAG激光+CMT电弧复合热源横焊焊缝横断面的成形特征,研究了Nd:YAG激光+CMT电弧复合热源横焊过程中焊接工艺参数对焊缝横断面形貌的影响.结果表明,在Nd:YAG激光+CMT电弧复合热源横焊中,焊接工艺参数对横焊焊缝横断面形貌的影响显著;Nd:YAG激光加入CMT电弧焊中明显提高了复合焊缝以及复合焊中CMT焊缝的熔深;采取适当的焊接工艺参数(小的光丝间距、大的激光功率、小的焊接速度、适合的离焦量以及小的或大的CMT功率)可以避免熔池机械式叠加和焊缝横断面错位现象,使得焊缝成形良好.     

Nd:YAG激光+CMT电弧复合热源横焊工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响

以304不锈钢为对象,借助焊缝成形参数来评价YAG激光+CMT电弧复合热源横焊焊缝的成形特征,研究了Nd:YAG激光+CMT复合热源横焊过程中焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响.结果表明,在CMT电弧焊接中加入激光可以改善横焊焊缝成形;在激光能量和焊接电流一定时,光丝间距存在一个最佳匹配,使得Nd:YAG激光+CMT复合热源横焊焊缝成形良好;与其它复合热源焊接相对比激光功率对熔深影响较大,对横焊焊缝成形的影响程度与焊接电流有关;焊接速度对横焊焊缝成形影响显著;离焦量对横焊焊缝成形影响较小;电弧功率对横焊焊缝的偏离度影响显著.     

Experimental study on welding characteristics of CO2 laser TIG hybrid welding process

Abstract

The experiments of CO₂ laser TIG paraxial hybrid welding with 4 mm thick AISI 321 stainless steel sheet have been performed. The arc images and welding characteristics have been investigated with different energy ratios between laser and arc. The experimental results indicate that the hybrid welding is similar to laser welding and has also two welding mechanisms: deep penetration welding and heat conduction welding. Because of the effect of keyhole induced by laser, the arc root can be stabilised and compressed, and the current density and the penetration depth are all increased significantly, which show the characteristics of deep penetration welding. However, when the current is increased to a critical value, the laser induced keyhole disappears and the arc expands obviously, which decreases the penetration depth, so that the welding mechanism has been changed from deep penetration welding to heat conduction welding. Furthermore, the effects of distance between laser beam and electrode, pulsed laser and hybrid manners on hybrid welding characteristics have also been studied.     

工艺参数对304不锈钢脉冲Nd∶YAG激光/TIG电弧复合焊焊缝成形的影响

研究了304不锈钢脉冲Nd:YAG激光TIG电弧复合热源焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响.结果表明,脉冲Nd:YAG激光/TIG电弧复合焊焊缝横截面面积大于单一激光焊焊缝横截面面积与单一TIG焊焊缝横截面面积之和,具有协同效应;激光功率增大时,复合焊焊缝熔深和熔宽均增大,复合焊焊缝横截面面积增大,复合热源热效率也增大;离焦...     

Research of welding arc electron density in hyperbaric TIG welding

The arc spectrum of TIG welding in high pressure was analyzed by Stark broadening.Using the characteristic line of ArI in welding arc,a study of electron density in high pressure revealed that the electron density of the welding arc had an upward trend with the pressure increase.According to data analysis,a curve of relationship between electron density and environmental pressure was established.It has a universal significance for change of electron density in high pressure.Through the analysis of electron density changing in time-domain in different pressure,a theoretical basis was provided for the problem of poor arc stability in high pressure.     

能源节约型激光诱导电弧复合焊技术及应用

围绕低能耗绿色焊接制造技术及理论开展研究,阐述低功率激光与电弧之间的相互作用机理,提出低功率脉冲激光诱导电弧复合高效焊的设计思想,建立了能源节约型的复合焊制造技术体系. 结果表明,采用低功率脉冲激光对电弧进行诱导使电弧能量密度显著提高,实现了激光与电弧两种热源之间的良好调控. 采用低功率激光诱导电弧复合焊技术成功实现了镁合金、钛合金及钢铁等多种金属材料的优质高效焊接. 该技术的发展为实现低能耗绿色焊接制造起到了积极的推动作用.