粉煤灰负载壳聚糖处理印染废水的实验研究

本实验对粉煤灰负载壳聚糖的制备及将其应用于印染废水处理上的情况进行了研究。研究了不同试剂的投加量,pH和反应时间等因素对印染废水脱色效果的影响。实验结果表明:粉煤灰负载壳聚糖的最佳制备条件为:壳聚糖∕粉煤灰质量比为0.1:1、冰乙酸浓度为4%、液固质量比为0.8:1、pH值为7、搅拌时间为50min。     

酸改性粉煤灰对印染废水处理的实验研究

对原始粉煤灰进行了酸性改性,制备了酸改性粉煤灰,并用其对印染废水进行脱色处理。研究了粉煤灰及酸改性粉煤灰的投加量(质量浓度)、反应pH值、反应时间等因素对印染废水脱色效果的影响。实验结果表明:用原始粉煤灰对染料废水进行脱色处理,在粉煤灰投加量为50 g/L,反应时间为40 min,pH值为10的最佳反应条件下,脱色效率为63.45%。用盐酸改性粉煤灰对染料废水进行脱色处理,在酸改性粉煤灰投加量为25 g/L,反应时间为10 min,pH值为10时,最佳脱色效率达到88.73%。     

氢氧化镁-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂对印染废水的脱色研究

使印染废水脱色是废水处理的重要问题,利用无机／有机复合絮凝剂可取得优良的脱色效果。采用氢氧化镁-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂对印染废水进行脱色处理,研究了pH值、壳聚糖投加量、复合絮凝剂加入量等对脱色效果的影响。结果表明氢氧化镁．壳聚糖复合絮凝剂比单独使用氢氧化镁絮凝剂脱色效果好。壳聚糖是一种天然高分子化合物,是甲壳素的脱乙基产物,来源丰富,且具有无毒副作用、易降解等优点。利用壳聚糖作为复配剂制备的复合絮凝减少了镁盐的使用量,有效降低了废水处理成本,避免引起二次污染。     

交联改性壳聚糖/活性炭复合絮凝剂处理印染废水研究

为了提高壳聚糖处理印染废水效果,用戊二醛对其进行交联改性,并探究了交联改性后的壳聚糖与活性炭联用处理印染废水时交联壳聚糖和活性炭质量比、复合絮凝剂投加量、絮凝时间、絮凝温度、pH等因素对印染废水处理效果的影响,结果表明,当交联壳聚糖和活性炭质量比1∶7、复合絮凝剂投加量5 g、絮凝时间2 h、絮凝温度40℃、pH=3.5时印染废水处理效果最好,脱色率和COD去除率分别达98.03%和87.16%,达到了理想的印染废水处理效果。     

硫酸亚铁活化过硫酸钠降解印染废水的研究

本实验研究了Fe2+活化过硫酸钠处理印染废水的工艺,采用正交试验,研究了硫酸亚铁投加量、反应pH、反应时间、过硫酸钠投加量对印染废水的COD去除效果的影响。实验表明,当硫酸亚铁投加量1000 mg/L、废水pH为4、反应时间为30 min、过硫酸钠投加量为1.2 g/L,印染废水的去除率最优,达到70%以上。     

改性粉煤灰处理印染废水的试验研究

通过比较不同改性剂改性的粉煤灰对印染废水的处理效果,验证了Ca（OHh改性粉煤灰的优越性,并对影响废水处理效果的主要操作条件进行了试验研究,确定了最佳反应条件。研究表明,改性粉煤灰的投加量、pH、吸附时间等对废水的处理效果影响很大。投加量为20g／L、pH=8、吸附时间为30min为最佳操作条件,脱色率、CODcr、SS去除率分别达到98．2％,80．9％,72．3％。改性粉煤灰不但能有效处理印染废水,并且处理后的粉煤灰可以用来制砖或水泥。     

卤水对碱性印染废水脱色处理的初步研究

采用含镁量高的废弃卤水处理碱性印染废水。考察了pH值、卤水投加量、温度、沉降时间对脱色率的影响。实验表明:废水的脱色率主要受pH值、卤水投加量的影响,温度也有一定的影响。pH11时脱色率可达98%以上。利用废弃的卤水对印染废水进行脱色处理具有实际应用前景。     

改性粉煤灰对有机废水的吸附试验研究

本文将粉煤灰改性后对印染废水进行了吸附研究,找到较好的工艺条件与吸附效果。结果表明：对于COD 20～150mg／l的印染废水溶液,粉煤灰用量以40g／l为宜,pH为4．0,脱色率在32％以上。用0．1mol／l硫酸改性粉煤灰吸附印染废水的pH为4．0,投加量为24g／l,脱色率在47％以上,吸附处理后染料废水COD为76mg／l,COD去除率为21％。     

改性粉煤灰对有机废水的吸附试验研究

将粉煤灰改性后对印染废水进行了吸附研究,找到较好的工艺条件与吸附效果。结果表明：对于COD20～150mg／L的印染废水溶液,粉煤灰用量以40g/L为宜,pH值为4．0,脱色率在32％以上。用0．1mol／L硫酸改性粉煤灰吸附印染废水的pH为4．0,投加量为24g／L,脱色率在47％以上,吸附处理后染料废水COD为76mg／L,COD去除率为21％。     

TiO2光催化氧化法深度处理印染废水的研究

分析了光催化氧化处理印染废水的机理,通过试验,探讨了COD去除率和脱色率随反应时间的变化规律以及H2O2投加量、废水pH等因素对处理效果的影响.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.