发酵工艺的控制

发酵工程主要包括菌种的培养和选育,发酵条件的优化,发酵反应器的设计和自动控制,产品的分离纯化和精制等。除食品工业外,化工、医药、冶金、能源开发、污水处理、防腐、防霉等开发,给发酵工程带来新的发展前景。     

木醋杆菌发酵动力学模型的建立

本文对木醋酸杆菌发酵过程建立动力学模型，并进行求解和检验，所建模型与实验数据拟合较好。所建动力学模型对反应器设计、工艺管理以及有效地控制发酵过程具有重要的指导意义。     

发酵过程多水平问题及其生物反应器装置技术研究

回顾了发酵过程优化与放大所依据的基本思想和方法,认为采用以动力学为基础的最佳工艺控制点为依据的静态操作方法,实质上只是化学工程宏观动力学概念在发酵工程上的延伸,往往忽视细胞代谢流的存在。以细胞代谢流的分析与控制为核心的生物反应工程学的观点,通过实验研究,提出了基于参数相关的发酵过程多水平问题研究的优化技术和发酵过程多参数调整的放大技术。随着过程传感技术和计算机技术的发展,设计了一种定型为FUS50L（A）的新概念生物反应器。这种新型生物反应器是以物料流检测为手段,过程优化与放大为目标,成功地应用在青霉素、红霉素、金霉素、肌苷、鸟苷发酵和Pichia酵母表达系统的基因工程人血清白蛋白（rhSA）、疟疾疫苗等高密度高表达培养,大幅度提高发酵水平,并直接放大到几百升,甚至100 m3以上生产规模发酵罐。     

基于Fluent的批量型原子层沉积反应器流场分析及实验研究北大核心CSCD

目前批量原子层沉积反应器存在气体扩散不均、腔室利用率低、反应副产物残余等缺点,影响了沉积薄膜的质量,降低了生产效率。针对以上问题,利用Fluent软件建立起批量原子层沉积反应器的仿真模型,首先分析了反应器添加不同结构尺寸的匀气挡板对气体速度、浓度以及扩散时间的影响;其次分析了片架间的距离对气体速度的影响;并将Al2O3薄膜的均匀性实验结果与仿真模拟结果进行对比,验证了仿真模型的准确性与可靠性,为批量原子层沉积反应器的改进与优化设计提供了参考。     

新的生物反应器-转基因植物

对新的生物反应器－－转基因植物的研究进展作了综述。与微生物和发酵系统相比较，转基因植物是具有巨大潜力的生物反应器，可以以生产经修饰的生物大分子碳水化合物，脂类，蛋白质，药物等，随着生物技术的发展，将有方法用来提高转基因植物外源基因的表达量。     

利用膜反应器制备纳米材料

在膜均相反应器中,利用分离膜结构中的微孔作为液体微量分布器,将膜一侧的反应物均匀微量地加入到膜另一侧反应物中进行反应,有利于过饱和度及其分布的控制。在膜气液反应器中,气－液两相分别位于微孔膜两侧,互不分散,膜能有效提供稳定、巨大面积的气液界面,有利于气液传质、过程控制和工业放大等。另外,介绍利用膜反应器制备纳米材料的原理和主要研究结果。     

微乳液法制备气敏材料的技术及应用

基于微乳液纳米反应器制备气敏材料是制备纳米材料的新方法.介绍了微乳液作为纳米反应器制备气敏材料的方法及原理,重点综述了微乳液法在制备纳米气敏材料方面的研究状况,总结了微乳液法制备纳米颗粒粒径大小的影响因素,并提出了微乳液法制备纳米气敏材料今后的发展方向.     

FIA型微生物探针动态响应过程（Ⅱ）正交配点法的应用

在已建立的Ｌ－谷氨酸检测体系的基础上，为克服电极不稳定性给测量带来的误差，根据全混流型生物反应器的特点，建立了适用于固定化细胞柱的数学模型，采用正文配点法对数学模型进行了估算，并以Ｌ－谷氨酸微生物传感器为例，提出了浓度测量值的计算方法．     

残气质谱分析在LAS—2000上的应用

本文详尽地探讨高真空及超高真空中的残余气体的质谱分析方法，并运用这些方法在ＬＡＳ－２０００二次离子质谱仪上进行了应用研究，使我们对ＬＡＳ－２０００的本底真空有所了解，发现其超高真空中含较多的碳氢化合物。     

高温悬浮态气固反应试验台的开发与应用

开发的高温、悬浮态气固反应试验台，是目前国内较先进的气固反应动力学试验装置，它能够比较接近生产实际状况地对各种粉体物料进行悬浮态气固反应动力学研究，所得规律可用来定量地指导工业反应器的设计和操作。     

Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in a packed-bed biofilm reactor equipped with an internal net draft tube riser for aeration and liquid circulation

For the aerobic biodegradation of the fungicide and defoliant 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), a bench-scale packed-bed bioreactor equipped with a net draft tube riser for liquid circulation and oxygenation (PB-ALR) was constructed. To obtain a high packed-bed volume relative to the whole bioreactor volume, a high A(D)/A(R) ratio was used. Reactor's downcomer was packed with a porous support of volcanic stone fragments. PB-ALR hydrodynamics and oxygen mass transfer behavior was evaluated and compared to the observed behavior of the unpacked reactor operating as an internal airlift reactor (ALR). Overall gas holdup values epsilon(G), and zonal oxygen mass transfer coefficients determined at various airflow rates in the PB-ALR, were higher than those obtained with the ALR. When comparing mixing time values obtained in both cases, a slight increment in mixing time was observed when reactor was operated as a PB-ALR. By using a mixed microbial community, the biofilm reactor was used to evaluate the aerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-TCP. Three bacterial strains identified as Burkholderia sp., Burkholderia kururiensis and Stenotrophomonas sp. constituted the microbial consortium able to cometabolically degrade the 2,4,6-TCP, using phenol as primary substrate. This consortium removed 100% of phenol and near 99% of 2,4,6-TCP. Mineralization and dehalogenation of 2,4,6-TCP was evidenced by high COD removal efficiencies ( approximately 95%), and by the stoichiometric release of chloride ions from the halogenated compound ( approximately 80%). Finally, it was observed that the microbial consortium was also capable to metabolize 2,4,6-TCP without phenol as primary substrate, with high removal efficiencies (near 100% for 2,4,6-TCP, 92% for COD and 88% for chloride ions).     

New experimental data of CO2 flow boiling in mini tube with micro fins of zero helix angle

Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of CO₂ flow boiling in mini tube with micro fins of zero helix angle were experimentally investigated. The working conditions cover mass flux from 100 to 600 kg m⁻² s⁻¹, heat flux from 1.67 to 8.33 kW m⁻², vapor quality from 0 to 0.9 and saturation temperature from 1 to 15 °C. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing vapor quality, but sharply decreases at vapor quality around 0.2~0.4 under most conditions, and the dryout vapor quality decreases with the increasing heat flux and saturation temperature. Pressure drop increases with increasing mass flux and heat flux, or decreasing saturation temperature, and mass flux is the major influence factors. The enhancement ratio of heat transfer coefficient is higher than that of pressure drop, which shows potentials of using such kind tubes to enhance the overall heat transfer performance. A heat transfer coefficient correlation and a pressure drop correlation for 0° helix angle micro-fin tube were developed, and they agree well with the experimental data.     

A Brownian motion technique to simulate gasification and its application to C/C composite ablation

Ablation of carbon–carbon composites (C/C) results in a heterogeneous surface recession mainly due to some gasification processes (oxidation, sublimation) possibly coupled to bulk mass transfer. In order to simulate and analyse the material/environment interactions during ablation, a Brownian motion simulation method featuring special Random Walk rules close to the wall has been implemented to efficiently simulate mass transfer in the low Péclet number regime. A sticking probability law adapted to this kind of Random Walk has been obtained for first-order heterogeneous reactions. In order to simulate the onset of surface roughness, the interface recession is simultaneously handled in 3D using a Simplified Marching Cube discretization. This tool is validated by comparison to analytical models. Then, its ability to provide reliable and accurate solutions of ablation phenomena in 3D is illustrated.     

RAFT聚合制备丙烯酰胺-N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮嵌段共聚物及其水解物与性能表征

以S,S-二(α,α′-二甲基-α″-丙烯酸)三硫代碳酸酯(BDATC)为链转移剂,甲基丙烯酰胺(MAM)为第一单体,通过可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)法合成出链转移剂(PMAM-CTA),以N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)作为第二单体合成PAM-b-PNVP,再水解得到含有氨基和羧基的CO2分离固定载体膜材料N-乙烯基-γ-氨基丁酸钠-丙烯酸钠共聚物(VSA-SA)。通过FT-IR、1H-NMR、XRD和DSC对PMAM-CTA、PMAM-b-PNVP和VSA-SA进行表征,采用GPC测定分子量及分子量分布。研究发现,该聚合具有活性可控聚合的特征,聚合动力学呈一级线性关系,得到数均相对分子质量可控、相对分子质量分布(1.2～1.3)窄的聚合物。与自由基聚合产物相比,水解产物VSA-SA的结晶度减小,载体含量增加。     

Mass transfer of VOCs in laboratory-scale air sparging tank

Volatilization of VOCs was investigated using a 55-gal laboratory-scale model in which air sparging experiments were conducted with a vertical air injection well. In addition, X-ray imaging of an air sparging sand box showed air flows were in the form of air bubbles or channels depending on the size of the porous media. Air-water mass transfer was quantified using the air-water mass transfer coefficient which was determined by fitting the experimental data to a two-zone model. The two-zone model is a one-dimensional lumped model that accounts for the effects of air flow type and diffusion of VOCs in the aqueous phase. The experimental air-water mass transfer coefficients, KGa, obtained from this study ranged from 10(-2) to 10(-3)1/min. From a correlation analysis, the air-water mass transfer coefficient was found to be directly proportional to the air flow rate and the mean particle size of soil but inversely proportional to Henry's constant. The correlation results implied that the air-water mass transfer coefficient was strongly affected by the size of porous media and the air flow rates.     

Transient cryogenic chill down process in horizontal and inclined pipes

Experimental results are presented that describe the parametric effects of inclination of transfer line and mass flux on cryogenic chill down process. Experiments were performed in a pressurized liquid nitrogen transfer line made of stainless steel. Fluid and wall temperatures were measured at various axial locations of the test section to monitor the chill down process. The local heat transfer coefficient and heat flux were predicted for the transient chill down period using an inverse heat transfer technique. The results show that the chill down period is characterized by three distinct flow regimes at all mass flux rates. However the variation in chill down time is more predominant at low mass fluxes. Heat transfer coefficient and heat flux calculated using the inverse heat transfer technique further confirmed this and showed that peak heat flux increases with increase of mass flux. It is found that the inclination of the chilling line displayed similar temperature profile but accompanied with variation in chill down time. Results suggest the existence of an optimum upward line inclination minimizing the chill down time.     

小波变换和大津法在竹编工艺中的应用

本文提出了一种新的竹编工艺,采用了数字图像处理算法,通过小波变换对扫描图等含噪图像进行滤波去噪,通过Ostu算法对图像进行黑白二值处理,从而就可以把任何一幅数字图案编织成竹编工艺品.为了去除图像中包含的大量噪声,提高基于图形处理的产品加工精度和效率,分析了维纳滤波对于图像消除噪声的特点,采用小波自适应阈值去噪技术剔除图...     

Adsorption of BTEX from aqueous solution by macroreticular resins

Theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted on the adsorption of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) by macroreticular resins. A mass transfer model based on the squared-driving force principle is presented for describing the BTEX transfer between the aqueous and solid phases. Also proposed is a theoretical model for describing the BTEX breakthrough curves of the adsorption column. While the mass transfer model involves only an overall mass transfer coefficient, the column adsorption model has two model parameters. Those parameters are conveniently estimated using the observed mass transfer and breakthrough data. The predictions using the proposed models were found to compare well with the experimental data of batch and column BTEX adsorption tests.     

Synthesis of macroporous three-way catalysts via template-assisted spray process for enhancing mass transfer in gas adsorption

Catalyst particles with macroporous structures have been attracting much attention because of their high molecular diffusions and catalytic activities. In this study, macroporous-structured three-way catalyst (TWC) particles were synthesized via a template-assisted spray process followed by an additional heating process. Several process parameters, i.e., carrier-gas type, template size, and reaction temperature, were investigated to enable preparation of macroporous particles with controllable porous structures and interconnected pore networks. The mass transfer coefficients of the obtained macroporous TWC particles were assessed using the Linear Driving Force approximation to understand the effects of the macroporous structure on the mass transfer improvement. The results showed that the introduction of macropores into TWC particles enhances the mass transfer coefficient.     

板式膜反转降膜吸收器设计与性能研究

板式膜反转降膜吸收器是一种将板式降膜吸收和膜反转技术相结合而开发的新型吸收器,合理设计与掌握其吸收性能对今后这种吸收器的工程应用十分重要.为此,通过建立、求解板式膜反转降膜吸收过程的数学模型,确立了设计条件下最佳吸收器结构;对于所设计的板式膜反转吸收器进行了不同吸收压力、溶液流量、进口浓度、进口温度及冷却条件下传热传质性能的计算,并与竖板降膜吸收器进行了比较.