Y2O3/Sn-58Bi复合钎料制备及其性能分析

文中通过粉末冶金法制备了Y₂O₃/Sn-58Bi复合钎料.结果表明,添加少量Y₂O₃,对复合钎料熔点影响较小;随着Y₂O₃质量分数提高,复合钎料的密度和显微维氏硬度先升高后降低;复合钎料的润湿角表现出相反的趋势,随着Y₂O₃质量分数提高,复合钎料的润湿角先降低后升高.通过测试Sn-58Bi钎料和0.1%（质量分数）Y₂O₃/Sn-58Bi复合钎料拉伸试样的力学性能发现,添加质量分数为0.1%的Y₂O₃对复合钎料强度稍有提高,但能明显提高复合钎料的延展性,从而解决传统Sn-58Bi钎料较脆的难题.通过观察钎料拉伸断口发现,添加Y₂O₃能够细化复合钎料微观组织,使裂纹沿着断裂方向扩展时受到阻碍,抑制了钎料脆性断裂的趋势.     

合金元素Zr对Cu-Y2O3复合材料组织和性能的影响(英文)

通过机械合金化和放电等离子烧结制备Cu-Y₂O₃和Cu-Y₂O₃-Zr复合材料，并采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、电导率和拉伸实验对其组织和性能进行系统研究。研究发现，复合材料的显微组织对其力学性能和电导率具有很大影响。电学性能的改善可归因于共格Y₄Zr₃O₁₂粒子的形成和Cu₄Zr相的优先成核，它们分别改善了Y₂O₃和Cu基体之间的界面以及降低了位错密度。此外，Cu-Y₂O₃-Zr复合材料的屈服强度为265.6 MPa，极限抗拉强度为301.0 MPa，伸长率为23.6%，电导率达到92.0%(IACS)。     

Sn1- x Sm x O2 微纳米纤维的红外发射率与激光吸收性能：实验研究与第一性原理仿真

采用静电纺丝法结合热处理工艺制备了Sn_1-xSm_xO₂(x=0%,8%,16%,24%,质量分数,下同)微纳米纤维,表征了产物的物相、形貌、激光吸收性能和红外发射率,同时基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对比分析了Sn_1-xSm_xO₂(x=0%,16%)的相关光电性质,进一步从电子结构角度解释了Sm³⁺掺杂对SnO₂红外发射率和激光吸收的作用机理。结果表明：经600℃煅烧后,Sn_1-xSm_xO₂均为单一金红石型结构,呈现出良好的纤维形貌,纤维相互交错,形成无规则三维网状结构,且各元素在纤维上分布均匀。随着Sm³⁺掺杂量的增大,产物在1064和1550 nm处的反射率逐渐降低,红外发射率先减小后增大。当x=16%时,在1064 nm处的反射率为53.9%,在1550nm处的反射率为38.5%,在8-14μm波段的红外发射率为0.749...     

Al2O3颗粒直径对1 vol%的Al2O3/Cu基复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法+热压工艺制备了不同Al₂O₃颗粒直径的1 vol%Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料，使用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的显微组织，利用电子拉伸试验机测试了复合材料的力学性能。基于弹/塑性理论推导出了复合材料中颗粒周边的弹性区宽度的表达式。结果表明：Al₂O₃颗粒直径对Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料强度及基体晶粒尺寸有着较大的影响；Al₂O₃颗粒直径越大，Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度越小；当Al₂O₃颗粒直径为5μm时，Al₂O₃/Cu基复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为207和90 MPa,是铜试样的95.8%和95.7%。     

NiCrAlY/Al-Al2O3/Ti2AlNb高温抗氧化和力学性能研究

采用电弧离子镀技水在NiCrAlY涂层与O相Ti₂AlNb合金之间沉积不同Al:Al₂O₃比例的Al-Al₂O₃薄膜作为扩散阻挡层.研究了900℃下恒温氧化500 h后NiCrAlY/Al-Al₂O₃/Ti₂AlNb体系中Al-Al₂O₃层阻挡合金元素互扩散的行为,以及对涂层氧化动力学曲线的影响.结果表明,没有添加扩散阻挡层的NiCrAlY/Ti₂AlNb体系,涂层和基体之间的元素互扩散十分严重,涂层丧失抗氧化能力;而添加扩散阻挡层的材料体系,涂层和基体之间的元素互扩散受到抑制,涂层的长期抗高温氧化性能得到提高.对于3Al-Al₂O₃,1Al-Al₂O₃和0Al-Al₂O₃ 3种扩散阻挡层,综合比较材料体系的抗氧化性能、阻挡层阻挡涂层和基体元素互扩散能力、以及涂层和基体之间结合力,当1Al-Al₂O₃薄膜作为扩散阻挡层时,材料性能最优异.同时,本文利用扩散阻挡系数简洁定量地表示出不同Al:Al₂O₃比例阻挡层的阻挡扩散能力.     

Ga2O3对Ag30CuZnSn药芯银钎料钎缝组织及钎焊接头性能的影响

向Ag30CuZnSn药芯银钎料药粉中添加Ga₂O₃,研究了Ga₂O₃对Ag30CuZnSn药芯银钎料钎缝组织的影响及钎焊接头性能的影响. 结果表明,微量Ga₂O₃可以显著提高Ag30CuZnSn药芯银钎料的润湿铺展性能且可以减少药芯中钎剂的添加量. Ga₂O₃添加量为0.4%（质量分数）时,钎料润湿铺展性能和钎焊接头抗剪切强度达到最佳值. 这是因为Ga₂O₃属于表面活性物质,可以显著降低熔融钎料和母材之间的界面张力,从而提高了钎剂粉末的去膜效果,进而提高银钎料的润湿铺展性能. 药芯银钎料基体及钎缝组织主要由以CuZn相为主的固溶体、银基固溶体和铜基固溶体构成. 火焰钎焊时,添加0.4%Ga₂O₃（质量分数）时作用效果最佳,钎缝组织的细化与钎着率的提高(钎着率提高至95%以上)使得钎焊接头抗剪强度提高了11%以上,钎焊接头断口组织的形貌证明了上述结果.     

Y2O3含量对大气等离子喷涂Al2O3-Y2O3复合涂层微观结构和力学性能的影响

目的 探究掺杂不同质量分数Y₂O₃对Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层微观结构及其力学性能的影响。方法 采用大气等离子喷涂制备Al₂O₃涂层,以及Y₂O₃质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、40%的Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃复合涂层。利用SEM、EDS对粉末以及不同涂层的形貌、组织结构、元素分布进行分析。使用XRD表征粉末和涂层的物相。使用显微硬度仪、纳米压痕测试仪和电子万能试验机对涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量以及断裂韧性等力学性能进行测试分析。结果 Al₂O₃喷涂粉末的物相由α-Al₂O₃组成,而喷涂得到的Al₂O₃涂层则由α-Al₂O     

Vx-Mn0.8Fe0.2O2催化剂的制备及其抗硫脱硝性能

为了更好地适应工业化脱硝需求,选用廉价的黑色金属Mn和Fe作为催化剂主要原料,通过V掺杂极大地提升了锰铁催化剂的低温脱硝性能和抗硫性能。采用共沉淀法制备了V_x-Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂,运用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)考察了V₂O₅添加量对Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂的结构、形貌及其抗硫脱硝性能的影响。结果表明:V_x-Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂主要物相为Mn₂O₃,样品颗粒尺寸小且分散均匀。V_0.3-Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂具有较多的活性位点及较好的抗硫脱硝性能,在300℃时脱硝率可达90.36%,相比于Mn_0.8Fe_0.2O₂催化剂脱硝性能达到90%的温度约降低100℃;同时,在V(CO):V(NO):V(SO₂)为3:1:1的反应条件下,催化剂的脱硝率仍能保持在80%以上。     

等离子喷涂Ag/(Sn0.8La0.2)O2涂层的组织及电性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在纯Cu表面制备了Ag/(Sn_0.8La_0.2)O₂涂层,利用XRD和SEM对涂层的相结构和微观组织进行了分析,用拉伸法测定了涂层与基体的结合强度,通过电弧侵蚀实验测试了涂层的耐电压强度以及耐电弧侵蚀性能.结果表明,所得涂层结构均匀致密,与基体结合强度为18.8 MPa,涂层内纳米级(Sn_0.8La_0.2)O₂颗粒均匀分布在Ag基体中;涂层的耐电压强度以及电弧烧蚀速率与块体合金接近,分别为3.76×10⁷V/m和37.7μg/C;电弧侵蚀实验后,涂层表面阴极斑点分散,烧蚀轻微,其电弧侵蚀机制有从液态喷溅向蒸发侵蚀转变的趋势.     

纳米Al2O3掺杂酚醛/环氧复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能

以酚醛树脂(PF)改性环氧树脂(EP)为基体,将硅烷改性的纳米Al₂O₃掺杂其中,制备了纳米Al₂O₃-PF/EP复合涂层。利用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、接触角测量仪和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等测试方法对复合涂层进行了表征。结果表明：硅烷改性的纳米Al₂O₃和PF与EP之间发生了化学反应,酚醛固化涂层的抗渗透性和交联密度提高;纳米Al₂O₃-PF/EP复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能优于EP涂层和PF/EP涂层,且掺杂3%(质量分数)纳米Al₂O₃的PF/EP复合涂层,其耐腐蚀性能最优;硅烷改性的纳米Al₂O₃与PF/EP之间的分散性和稳定性提高,涂层变得更致密,阻碍了腐蚀性介质的扩散,从而提高复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能。     

热处理对大气等离子喷涂LaTi2Al9O19-Zr0.92Y0.08O1.96 复合涂层粉末的影响

将纳米/亚微米级Zr_0.92Y_0.08O_1.96（YSZ）增韧稀土复合氧化物LaTi₂Al₉O₁₉（LTA）颗粒通过喷雾干燥制备出喷涂粉体,采用不同温度对其进行煅烧,并研究不同温度的热处理对喷雾干燥粉体的流动性、松装密度和形貌的影响。结果表明：未经热处理的喷雾干燥粉体呈现出疏松结构,粒径为40~80 μm。经过热处理后,LTA-YSZ颗粒之间的结合更加紧密,在1100 ℃下煅烧的粉体具有最好的喷雾特性和形貌。通过等离子喷涂进行沉积制备的LTA-YSZ涂层呈现良好的层状结构,并伴有缺陷。     

High pressure synthesis of Mg0.90Al0.08Ni0.94V0.08H1.6

The effect of high-pressure (6 gigapascal) and heating (600°C) the hydrogen source of LiAlHL₄ on the structural and hydrogenation properties of 0.9MgH₂+0.1Al+0.9Ni+0.1VH_0.9 was investigated. After recovery to ambient conditions, the sample was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses. The results reveal that a nominal hydride phase with the composition of Mg_0.90Al_0.08Ni_0.94V_0.08H_1.6 can be obtained, in which a maximum H₂-uptake can reach 1.9wt.%, with hydride decomposition occurring between 160°C and 250°C.     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.