改进生成对抗网络实现红外与可见光图像融合

红外与可见光图像融合技术能够同时提供红外图像的热辐射信息和可见光图像的纹理细节信息,在智能监控、目标探测和跟踪等领域具有广泛的应用。两种图像基于不同的成像原理,如何融合各自图像的优点并保证图像不失真是融合技术的关键,传统融合算法只是叠加图像信息而忽略了图像的语义信息。针对该问题,提出了一种改进的生成对抗网络,生成器设计了局部细节特征和全局语义特征两路分支捕获源图像的细节和语义信息;在判别器中引入谱归一化模块,解决传统生成对抗网络不易训练的问题,加速网络收敛;引入了感知损失,保持融合图像与源图像的结构相似性,进一步提升了融合精度。实验结果表明,提出的方法在主观评价与客观指标上均优于其他代表性方法,对比基于全变分模型方法,平均梯度和空间频率分别提升了55.84%和49.95%。     

基于梯度方向直方图的红外与可见光融合网络的损失函数

基于深度学习的图像融合方法实现了良好的图像融合性能，近年来经过快速发展，被广泛应用于生物特征识别、自动驾驶和目标追踪等方面。深度学习网络在提取图像的重要纹理细节和保存重要信息等方面依然存在许多挑战。因此，提出了一种适用于红外与可见光图像融合网络的损失函数，在损失函数中引入了梯度方向直方图（HOG）损失，HOG特征可以反映图像局部的梯度方向和梯度大小，用HOG特征作损失函数可以提升网络提取图像细节信息的能力。将HOG损失与多尺度结构相似性损失相结合，用设计的损失函数训练了NestFuse、Res2Fusion和UNFusion 3个红外与可见光图像融合网络。在TNO数据集上，所提模型将融合图像的标准差（SD）分别提高2.1476%、1.2273%和1.4444%，将融合图像的视觉信息保真度（VIF）分别提高1.6529%、1.4936%和1.2902%；在RoadScene数据集上，所提模型将融合图像的SD分别提高1.0083%、1.1669%和0.7214%，将融合图像的VIF分别提高1.8093%、1.8063%和1.0406%。实验结果表明，所提损失函数可以从源图像中提取更多有效信...     

基于卷积神经网络的红外图像融合算法

红外图像与可见光图像融合的目的是为人类观察或其他计算机视觉任务生成信息更加丰富的图像。本文针对深度学习近年来在计算机视觉领域取得的巨大成功,提出一种基于卷积神经网络的红外与可见光图像融合算法。首先,使用引导滤波和高斯滤波器组成的尺度感知边缘保护滤波器对输入的源图像进行多尺度分解,基础层利用像素强度分布的加权平均融合规则进行融合,细节层借助卷积神经网络对空间细节进行提取融合。实验结果表明,本文算法可以较好的将特定尺度信息进行保存,并减小滤波对边缘细节带来的光晕影响,融合后图像噪声较少,细节呈现的更加自然,并且适合人类视觉感知。     

卷积神经网络结合NSST的红外与可见光图像融合

传统的多尺度红外与可见光图像融合方法,所提取的图像特征固定,并不能很好的应用于各类复杂的图像环境,而深度学习可以自主选择合适图像特征,改良特征提取单一性问题,因此提出一种基于卷积神经网络与非下采样剪切波变换（NSST）相结合的红外与可见光图像融合方法。首先,用卷积神经网络提取红外目标与背景的二分类图,利用调频（FT）显著性检测算法对分类图进行精准分割,同时,利用NSST将源图像多尺度、多方向进行分解;其次,利用目标显著性结合自适应模糊逻辑算法进行低频子带融合,利用高频系数局部方差对比度方法进行高频子带融合;最后,通过NSST逆变换得到融合后图像。实验结果表明:相比于传统图像融合算法,该方法在信息熵、平均梯度、空间频率、互信息和交叉熵等多个客观评价指标上至少分别提高了0.01%、0.30%、1.43%、2.32%、1.14%。一定程度提高了融合图像对比度,丰富了背景细节信息,更有利于人眼识别,可以广泛的应用于光电侦察、光电告警、多传感器信息融合等光电信息领域。     

一种基于生成对抗网络与注意力机制的可见光和红外图像融合方法

针对低照度可见光图像中目标难以识别的问题,提出了一种新的基于生成对抗网络的可见光和红外图像的融合方法,该方法可直接用于RGB三通道的可见光图像和单通道红外图像的融合。在生成对抗网络中,生成器采用具有编码层和解码层的U-Net结构,判别器采用马尔科夫判别器,并引入注意力机制模块,使得融合图像可以更关注红外图像上的高强度信息。实验结果表明,该方法在维持可见光图像细节纹理信息的同时,引入红外图像的主要目标信息,生成视觉效果良好、目标辨识度高的融合图像,并在信息熵、结构相似性等多项客观指标上表现良好。     

基于空间多尺度残差网络的红外与可见光图像融合

针对如何充分提取和融合红外与可见光图像典型特征的问题,提出一种基于空间多尺度残差网络的图像融合算法。首先,将源图像输入基于空间多尺度残差模块组成的编码器网络,通过源图像重建任务,训练编码器自动获取重要特征信息的能力;然后,引入特征金字塔结构,设计了特征通道自注意力机制,编码器输出的基础层和细节层进行融合,减小尺度噪声,并由解码器重构出融合图像;最后,利用公开数据集进行定性和定量实验,证明了改进算法在突出红外图像目标和保留可见光图像纹理细节两方面的优势,相比于DDcGAN算法,新算法的标准差和平均梯度分别提升了12.91%和47.41%。     

利用结构化和一致性约束的稀疏表示模型进行红外和可见光图像融合

红外和可见光图像融合作为图像融合技术中一个重要组成部分,被广泛应用于军事、工业和生活领域。它能够集成两种模态图像的互补信息,融合成一幅信息丰富、质量较好的图像,不仅能够突出目标信息,还能够保持源有图像的纹理信息和一些显著性的细节。本文提出一种新的红外和可见光图像融合方法,在鲁棒稀疏表示模型的基础上增加了结构化稀疏约束,同时结合了图像区域特征相似的一致性约束项,克服现有一些方法所存在的局部模糊和纹理细节丢失等问题,提高了图像融合的精度。本文主要构建了结构化稀疏表示与一致性约束模型,将其应用到红外和可见光图像融合中并进行了求解,将源图像分解为背景信息和显著性信息,再对背景和显著性信息分别设计融合规则,最后利用字典进行重构,获得红外和可见光融合后的图像。实验结果表明,本文提出的融合算法优于现有的一些多聚焦图像融合算法。      

基于红外与可见光图像的目标检测算法

针对现有基于可见光的目标检测算法存在的不足,提出了一种红外和可见光图像融合的目标检测方法。该方法将深度可分离卷积与残差结构相结合,构建并列的高效率特征提取网络,分别提取红外和可见光图像目标信息;同时,引入自适应特征融合模块以自主学习的方式融合两支路对应尺度的特征,使两类图像信息互补;最后,利用特征金字塔结构将深层特征逐层与浅层融合,提升网络对不同尺度目标的检测精度。实验结果表明,所提网络能够充分融合红外和可见光图像中的有效信息,并在保障精度与效率的前提下实现目标识别与定位;同时,在实际变电站设备检测场景中,该网络也体现出较好的鲁棒性和泛化能力,可以高效完成检测任务。     

红外与可见光图像注意力生成对抗融合方法研究

目前,基于深度学习的融合方法依赖卷积核提取局部特征,而单尺度网络、卷积核大小以及网络深度的限制无法满足图像的多尺度与全局特性.为此,本文提出了红外与可见光图像注意力生成对抗融合方法.该方法采用编码器和解码器构成的生成器以及两个判别器.在编码器中设计了多尺度模块与通道自注意力机制,可以有效提取多尺度特征,并建立特征通道长...     

基于结构纹理分解的红外与可见光图像融合算法

针对红外与可见光图像融合中存在的热目标信息丢失、边缘结构模糊、细节损失等问题，提出一种多层分解的图像融合算法。首先使用结构纹理分解将源图分解为细节层和结构层，对细节层使用基于结构相似性和L2范数的融合规则融合并增强；然后提出一种结构均值法，将结构层分解为亮度层和基础层，对亮度层使用绝对值取大融合，对基础层设计了一种基于多指标的融合规则进行融合；最后重构各子融合图像得到最终融合图像。为验证算法的有效性，与9种红外与可见光图像融合算法进行对比，使用空间频率、平均梯度、边缘强度、方差、视觉保真度、基于人类视觉感知的指标和信息熵7种客观图像评价指标，在前5种指标上分别取得27.4%、36.5%、38.2%、8.5%和23.5%的提升。实验结果表明，本文算法在有效保留红外热目标的同时较好地保留了边缘结构和纹理细节，且在客观评价指标上取得了更好的效果。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.