Molecular mechanism study of Astragalus adsurgens Pall synergistically induced by plasma and plasma-activated water

The mutagenic effects of discharge plasma and plasma+PAW (plasma and its activated water combined) on Astragalus adsurgens Pall seeds were explored. Needle array-plate dielectric-barrier discharge plasma was used to treat A. adsurgens Pall seeds and PAW was prepared at the same time. The deionized water and the obtained PAW were used to cultivate plasma-treated seeds in groups and the survival rate of each group was counted. Results showed that the survival rate of the treated seeds of A. adsurgens Pall when cultured with deionized water was not significantly different from that of the control check (CK). The culture with PAW had an obvious lethal effect and each group reached the half-lethal dose. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RNA-Seq analysis of seedlings in the 3 h treatment group showed that the content of ROS in the 3 d post-treatment group was significantly higher than that of the CK. Because expression of the gene with the function of scavenging superoxide free radicals was upregulated, the ROS content of seedlings on the sixth day was significantly lower than that on the third day. Plasma and plasma+PAW treatments changed a large number of gene expressions; particularly, the plasma+PAW group caused plant-growth genes to be significantly upregulated. After treatment, the seedlings of A. adsurgens Pall may grow faster and have higher nutritional value. This research is of great significance to the wider application of isoelectronic bodies and their activated water physicochemical mutagens in biological effects and breeding research.     

Plasma activated water prepared by different plasma sources: physicochemical properties and decontamination effect on lentils sprouts

The pulsed corona discharge (CD) generated in contact with water and directly in water, and high-power air plasma jet (APJ) were studied for production of plasma activated water (PAW). The changes of physical (pH, redox potential, conductivity, temperature) and chemical (peroxides, nitrites, nitrates concentrations) properties of treated water were investigated. The comparison of CD generated in gas/water interface and underwater configuration in the same system showed that the interaction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed in ambient air in gas/water system induces different chemical processes, leading to lower pH, higher oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and higher conductivity of PAW than in underwater discharge. High yield of peroxide was observed in both configurations. The PAW prepared by APJ exhibits high concentration of nitrites and nitrates according to supplied energy, and related significant decrease of pH and increase of ORP and conductivity after treatment. The antimicrobial effect of PAW prepared by CD and plasma jet on lentils sprouts was studied in different treatment and washing times. The APJ appears to have great efficacy on water activation resulted in strong decontamination effect. The PAW treated by APJ for 10 min led to bacterial reduction from initial 8.3 to 5.9 and 4.0 log10 CFU g−1 after 10 and 30 min of washing, respectively.     

Effects of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on seed germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape

The effects of low-vacuum helium cold plasma treatment on the seed germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.cv.Zhongshuang 9) were investigated.Seeds were exposed to low-vacuum helium cold plasma ranging from 0–120 W for 15 s.Cold plasma increased the germination,plant growth and yield of oilseed rape,and the treatment of 100 W provided the best result.The germination rate,germination and vigor indices,and uniformity of emergence were improved by cold plasma treatment.Cold plasma raised the relative conductivity and water uptake,and reduced the apparent contact angle.The characteristics of plant growth,including plant height,stem diameter,dry weights of shoot and root at the seedling,bolting and flowering stages were increased by the cold plasma treatment.Yield components,including pod numbers per plant and 1000 seed weights were increased by the cold plasma treatment.Furthermore,the yield per plant increased by 28.20%.These results suggest that cold plasma treatment has the potential to improve the yield of oilseed rape through the enhancement of permeability,wettability and capacity of water uptake of the seeds,seed germination and plant growth.     

99mTc-C50的生物性能和安全限度实验研究

为评价2－亚氨基噻吩盐酸盐（2－IT）法标记的抗结肠癌（CEA）单克隆抗体^99mTc-C50的生物学性能及标记化合物应用的安全性，采用2－IT法对C50化学修饰，以^99mTc-GH转络合法标记C50。对标记抗体进行免疫活性、稳定性和安全限度的试验，并对荷人结肠癌裸鼠进行放射免疫显显像。结果表明，标记抗体免疫活性为40．2％－73．2％，纸层析法测定最佳标记率为94．1％，胶体含量为3．8％，标记后12h内放化纯度均在90％以上。标记化合物无热源，无毒性，荷人结肠癌裸鼠尾静脉注入^99mTc-C50后放射免疫显像显示，6h肿瘤区有放射性浓集，24hT/NT值为3．46－4．68％。表明以2－IT法预处理抗CEA单抗能有效进行^99mTc标记，对蛋白活性损伤较少，标记方法简单，安全有效。     

68Ga标记成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂的生物分布和胶质瘤模型micro-PET显像

为研究⁶⁸Ga标记的成纤维细胞活化蛋白抑制剂（⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04）在正常小鼠和胶质瘤裸鼠模型体内的生物学分布及micro-PET显像,以DOTA修饰的成纤维活化蛋白抑制剂为前体合成⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04。放射性HPLC测定其标记率,考察放化纯度及体外稳定性,通过测定⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04脂水分配系数评估其水溶性。将20只ICR小鼠随机分为5组,尾静脉注射3.7 MBq ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04后5、15、30、60、120 min后处死并取出各脏器,称重并测定放射性计数,计算各组织器官的放射性摄取率。建立U87MG胶质瘤荷瘤鼠模型,进行生物分布及micro-PET显像研究。结果表明,⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04的标记率为97.38%±1.32%（n=3）,放化纯度为100%,体外稳定性好,亲水性强。ICR正常小鼠生物分布实验显示,⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04血液清除快,肾脏为主要排泄器官,脑部放射性摄取低。U87MG荷瘤裸鼠生物分布及micro-PET均显示肿瘤部位有较高的放射性摄取率,⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04注射后90 min时肿瘤部位放射性摄取率达到（2.50±0.00）%ID/g。注射后30、60、90、120 min时,肿瘤与正常脑的肿瘤本底比(tumor-to-background ratio, TBR)分别为（6.26±0.09）、（5.06±0.02）、（5.54±1.47）、（5.51±0.03）。研究表明,⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04制备简易方便、标记率高、体外稳定性好,主要通过肾脏排泄,在胶质肿瘤模型中具有较好的肿瘤靶向性,micro-PET显像清晰,是潜在的脑肿瘤显像剂。     

Rice plant growth and yield: foliar application of plasma activated water

Plasma activated water(PAW) was prepared for 10 min to be applied one to five times as a foliar spray to rice plants, to investigate plant growth, yield and the concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar in the rice grains produced. The results reveal that(1) the plant height, stem diameter, dry weight, chlorophyll and total carotene concentrations were improved by ～15%,～25%, ～24%, ～47% and ～45%, respectively, with respect to control,(2) defense mechanisms of the plants treated with PAW were improved,(3) concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar were enhanced in the rice grains of PAW treated plants and(4) yield was increased by ～14%.     

Investigation of stimulated growth effect using pulsed cold atmospheric plasma treatment on Ganoderma lucidum

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) driven by pulsed high-voltage power has specific advantages in various fields, such as the growth promotion of edible fungi in plasma agriculture. Compared with other strains, Ganoderma lucidum has the significant advantage of high medicinal value, but the shortcomings of low yield, long growth cycle, and an uneven market quality. In this study, Ganoderma lucidum was treated with a CAP powered by a homemade pulsed high-voltage power supply. Three groups of Ganoderma lucidum were treated under different conditions. The stalk lengths and pileus areas of Ganoderma lucidum were recorded to evaluate growth status. Results showed that treatment frequency affected growth status considerably. Ganoderma lucidum was treated with 40 s plasma once a week and showed an improved growth status with a 33.63% increase in average stalk length and a 28% increase in the number of individuals whose pileus areas was greater than the average. Meanwhile, the growth speed was accelerated. However, treatment at an excessive frequency would damage and slow down the growth of Ganoderma lucidum.     

线粒体靶向抗氧化剂MitoQ的抗肿瘤效应

采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度MitoQ对肝癌HepG2细胞的毒性;凋亡诱导实验研究不同浓度MitoQ对HepG2细胞凋亡率的影响;裸鼠移植瘤模型研究MitoQ对肝癌HepG2荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用。结果表明,MitoQ对肝癌HepG2细胞的抑制作用随着浓度而增加;给药组凋亡率显著高于对照组(p0.01);MitoQ在1、5、10mg/kg剂量给药10d后对小鼠的肿瘤生长均有抑制作用,与对照组相比,10mg/kg剂量组肿瘤体积(p0.01)和肿瘤质量(p0.05)均有显著性差异。结果提示,MitoQ在体内体外均具有抑制肝癌HepG2细胞生长的作用。     

Pharmacological studies of dopamine transporter imaging agent 125／131I－β－CIT

To prepare ^125/131I-β-CIT(2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter (DAT),the labeling method from tributylstannyl precursor with peracetic acid has been reported in this article.The radiochemical purity(RCP) of the labeled compound was over 95% determined by HPLC and TLC.The stability,partition coefficients were also determined.The pharmacological studies of the imaging agent were performed in rats,mice,rabbits and normal monkey.The ligand showed preferable uptake in rats,mice,rabbits and normal monkey.The ligand showed preferable uptake in brain (1.9%ID/organ in rats and 4.5%ID/organ in mice at 5min).The ratios of striatum/cerebellum,hippocampus/cerebellum and cortex/cerebellum were 29.8,3.97and 4.75 at 6h in rats,and 8.52,2.99 and 3.06 at 6h in mice,respectively.In monkey brain imaging the ratios of striatum/frontal cortex(ST/FC)and striatum/occipital cortex(ST/OC) were 5.14 and 5.97 at 4h.respectively,All of above showed the high affinity of the ligand to DAT,The compound was primarily metabolized in liver because the hepatic uptake was much higher than other organs(75.4%ID/organ at 18h).The half-life of blood elimination was 5min.The dose received by mice was 2500 times as high as that received by human in the test of undue toxicity,which evaluated the safety of the agent.All the results suggest that β-CIT can be used as a potential DAT imaging agent.     

放射性碘标记肿瘤血管靶向多肽的实验研究

设计、合成含精氨酸-精氨酸-亮氨酸(RRL)多肽序列，并用氯胺-T法进行131I标记，该标记方法131I标记率60%左右，标记物放化学纯度大于95%。体外放置24 h放化学纯度仍高于90%。动物体内分布研究结果显示，肿瘤对131I标记的RRL多肽的摄取在注射后明显高于对照肽。     

重要厂用水泵特性试验不合格期间的安全论证

国内运行核电厂曾出现重要厂用水泵特性试验不合格的情况,对于现场已安装投运的泵,发现异常后很多实验台架上能够进行的检测在现场无法实施,加之缺陷处理的时间压力大,使得原因分析和处理存在较大难度,尤其根据试验条件下的数据论证泵能否满足最苛刻条件下的安全准则的分析更为困难。鉴于重要厂用水泵的安全功能以及出现异常后的处理难度,给出了此类情况下原因排查的思路,并结合具体事件重点阐述了重要厂用水泵叶轮缺陷处理期间判断机组能否继续运行的安全论证方法。最后指出了该方法在其他问题上可能的应用,并提出了部分电厂定期试验大纲相关条款的不足之处。     

Wet Oxidation Treatment of Radioactive Spent Ion-Exchange Resin

Radioactive waste ion-exchange resins have been treated by cement solidification directly, however, the effect of cement is unsatisfactory. In order to find other proper treatment methods, many investigations have been carried out. Especially, wet oxidation treatment technology is favored by many researchers because of its short treatment cycle and high volume reduction ratio. In this work, the reaction mechanism, process characteristics and industrial application of the wet oxidation treatment of radioactive spent ion-exchange resins were summarized. The analysis of the acid boiling degradation, Fenton wet oxidation technology, steam reforming process and supercritical water oxidation method had been focused. Mainly for the acid digestion, steam reforming process, supercritical water oxidation and Fenton wet oxidation were compared by the status of research at home and abroad and industrial applications, combined with the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the ease of post-processing,and considering the perspective of nuclear safety and convenient for subsequent processing, four treatment methods were briefly analyzed by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The results indicated that Fenton wet oxidation treatment of radioactive spent ion exchange resin was one of the feasible schemes.     

~(18)F-FDG-(OAc)_4在~(18)F-FDG中的残留及在小鼠体内的生物分布

为探讨~(18)F-FDG-(OAc)4在~(18)F-FDG中残留的原因及其与~(18)F-FDG在生物体内代谢分布的异同,本研究利用固相柱水解法制备~(18)F-FDG,研究NaOH用量、淋洗速率及淋洗液pH对~(18)F-FDG-(OAc)4残留的影响,以及~(18)F-FDG-(OAc)4在小鼠体内的代谢和分布规律。结果表明:NaOH不足是~(18)F-FDG-(OAc)4残留的主要原因,淋洗速率和淋洗液pH对其残留没有影响;注射~(18)F-FDG-(OAc)460min后,小鼠血、尿和脑代谢物中发现~(18)F-FDG-(OAc)4原形及部分水解物;小鼠体内分布结果显示,除肌肉外,~(18)F-FDG-(OAc)4和~(18)F-FDG在体内各脏器摄取值高低分布一致。     

ICP-MS法研究3nm TiO_2的小鼠体内分布

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成粒径为3 nm的TiO2颗粒,通过尾静脉注射到小鼠体内,在不同时间点剖取重要脏器,并用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测量各个器官内TiO2的含量.结果显示,尾静脉注射进入小鼠体内的TiO2,很快随血流分布到全身各脏器,滞留在体内的TiO2主要集中在肺、肝、脾三脏,每克组织的摄取量(%ID/g)分别在6 h、1 h、1 h达到最大值141.73%、25.55%、18.07%.实验还发现,对照组小鼠脑中Ti的含量高于血液,静脉注射3 nm TiO2后,小鼠脑中Ti的含量显著增加,在实验的各个时间点(除0.5 h),实验组小鼠脑中Ti的含量都比血液高.结果表明纳米TiO2颗粒的脑毒性研究可能成为其生物效应研究的重点.     

生长抑素类似物EDDA/HYNIC-Lys0-TOCA的99Tcm标记及动物实验

本文设计合成了新的生长抑素类似物99Tcm-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys0-TOCA,并进行了正常小鼠及荷瘤裸鼠体内分布和显像,以探讨99Tcm-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys0-TOCA作为生长抑素受体阳性肿瘤显像药物的可能性。合成了Nε-HYNIC-Lys0-TOCA及其中间产物,并经核磁共振谱和质谱等分析确证。在优化的标记条件下,99Tcm-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys0-TOCA的标记率为96%左右,经Sep-Pak柱纯化后,放化纯达99%以上。体外稳定性实验及小鼠尿样分析表明标记物具有很好的体内外稳定性。99Tcm-EDDA/HYNIC-Lys0-TOCA在正常小鼠体内的清除非常迅速(血液半衰期为20min左右),主要通过肾脏途径代谢,同时在胃、肺和肾上腺也有相对较高的放射性摄取。荷瘤裸鼠体内分布实验显示该药物在肿瘤组织有较高的放射性摄取,给药1h后肿瘤与血、肌肉等组织有较高的T/NT比值。γ显像表明,在给药后1h至2h,肿瘤组织有明显的放射性摄取,显像清晰。初步研究结果显示,该药物有望发展成为生长抑素受体阳性肿瘤的显像剂。     

Blood lead: Its effect on trace element levels and iron structure in hemoglobin

Lead is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that induce a broad range of physiological and biochemical dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to investigate its effects on trace elements and the iron structure in hemoglobin. Blood samples were collected from rats that had been exposed to lead. The concentration of trace elements in whole blood and blood plasma was determined by ICP-MS and the results indicate that lead exists mainly in the red blood cells and only about 1-3% in the blood plasma. Following lead exposure, the concentrations of zinc and iron in blood decrease, as does the hemoglobin level. This indicates that the heme biosynthetic pathway is inhibited by lead toxicity and that lead poisoning-associated anemia occurs. The selenium concentration also decreases after lead exposure, which may lead to an increased rate of free radical production. The effect of lead in the blood on iron structure in hemoglobin was determined by EXAFS. After lead exposure, the Fe-O bond length increases by about 0.07 Å and the Fe-Np bond length slightly increases, but the Fe-N_ε bond length remains unchanged. This indicates that the blood content of Hb increases, but that the content of HbO₂ decreases.     

Preparation and Clinical Application of 18F-DCFPyL

¹⁸F-DCFPyL, a PSMA-based PET imaging agent for prostate cancer, was auto synthesized and evaluated. Following the direct nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution with ［¹⁸F］fluoride at the ortho-position of precursor, the deprotection of the ester moieties of the intermediate with different acids was attempted to obtain a good hydrolysis yield. The biodistribution in normal NIH mice and PET/CT imaging for a patient with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer were also performed. The results showed that no remarkable discrepancy of the hydrolysis efficiency was found among three kinds of acids, H₃PO₄, HCl and HI, which were 17.1%, 16.9% and 18.4%, respectively with a specific activity of 54 to 90 GBq/μmol. The highest levels of radioactivity in the NIH mice were observed in the kidneys. Meanwhile, the uptake of the tracer in the blood was declined rapidly and a low accumulation of the radio-tracer was observed in most of the other organs. ¹⁸F-DCFPyL PET imaging for a postoperative patient with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer can detect small metastatic foci that can not be detected by the CT. ¹⁸F-DCFPyL was synthesized reliably and repeatedly by domestic synthesis module and it passed the quality control. It has satisfactory properties in vivo and is probably suitable for early diagnosis of prostate cancer and detection of lesions in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.     

(N-[~(18)F]氟甲基)-胆碱的自动化合成及其生物分布研究

采用住友CFN-multi-P100多功能模块快速、自动化合成(N-[~(18)F]氟甲基)-胆碱(~(18)F-FCH),并评价其在正常小鼠体内生物分布,以及胰腺癌裸鼠模型的PET/CT显像情况。前体CH2Br2与~(18)F-气相反应生成18FCH2Br,18FCH2Br经4个Si柱纯化后与三氟甲基磺酰银(Ag-Triflate)反应生成活性更高的氟代三氟甲基磺酰基甲烷(~(18)FCH2OTf),新中间体与预先加在C-18柱子上的N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMAE)反应再经SEP-PAK CM柱纯化得到18F-FCH。将~(18)F-FCH静脉给予正常小鼠,分别在给药后5、10、30、60、90、120min处死,测定主要脏器的质量及放射性计数。将~(18)F-FCH静脉给予胰腺癌裸鼠,注射10min后观察荷瘤裸鼠的PET/CT显像情况。结果显示,~(18)F-FCH合成时间32min,未校正的合成效率为(25±5)%(n=23),放化纯度大于97%。小鼠体内生物分布实验显示,18F-FCH在血液中清除快,绝大多数脏器在5min时放射性分布达最高值,后逐渐降低或处于相对稳定状态。放射性主要分布在肾脏、肝脏,而脑、肺、肌肉对~(18)F-FCH的摄取均较少。荷瘤(胰腺癌)裸鼠的PET/CT显像表明,~(18)FFCH在裸鼠肾脏、肝脏和脾脏聚集,胰腺癌细胞对~(18)F-FCH未见明显摄取。结果提示,住友CFN多功能模块可自动化、快速合成18F-FCH。18F-FCH在正常小鼠体内分布与文献报道的11 C-胆碱相似,具有一定的应用前景,但其对胰腺癌的诊断仍需进一步研究。     

~(99m)Tc标记生长抑素类似物KE108的制备及生物学评价

为了探讨生长抑素类似物~(99m)Tc-HYNIC-KE108用于生长抑素受体阳性肿瘤显像的可行性,本研究设计合成了新型的生长抑素类似物HYNIC-KE108,并进行~(99m)Tc标记,优化标记条件,测定标记物的脂水分配系数和体外稳定性,研究其在正常小鼠及荷瘤鼠体内的生物分布。在优化条件下,~(99m)TcHYNIC-KE108的标记率90%,经Waters Oasis HLB小柱纯化后,放化纯度98%,标记物的脂水分配系数logP为0.43±0.02(n=3),体外稳定性良好。标记物在正常小鼠体内血液清除快,主要通过肾脏代谢,在胃、肺和肝脏中放射性摄取相对较高。荷瘤鼠体内分布结果表明,标记物注入体内4h时在肿瘤中的放射性摄取为(1.14±0.91)%ID·g-1,肿瘤与血、肌肉、心脏的放射性摄取比(T/NT)为1.78、8.14、3.35。本工作为进一步研究~(99m)Tc标记的KE108作为生长抑素受体阳性肿瘤显像剂提供了实验依据。     

Preparation of 18F Labeled Octreotide Derivatives18F-Ta-Gluc-TOCA byClick Chemistry and its Biological Evaluation

The preparation of ¹⁸F labeled peptides usually needmany reaction steps, long time, harsh reaction conditions, which greatly limitsthe application of ¹⁸Flabeled PET probe. Using click chemistry for the synthesis of ¹⁸F labeled peptides make thereaction conditions more reliable, efficient and selective. The reactionconditions are mild, low cost, and fast. The purpose of this research was tosynthetize the glycosylated octreotide derivative quickly and easily, todevelop a method of ¹⁸Flabeled peptides by click chemistry. We also discussed the exploration of thefeasibility with ¹⁸Flabeled glycosylated octreotide derivatives as a somatostatin receptor positivetumor probe. This work prepared 2-¹⁸F-azide ethane precursor compounds by nucleophilic substitution and then labeledPr-Gluc-TOCA by click chemistry, finally we got the product ¹⁸F-Ta-Gluc-TOCA by purification.In addition, the in vitro stability and octanol water partition coefficient of ¹⁸F-Ta-Gluc-TOCA were measured.The biodistribution studies of ¹⁸F-Ta-Gluc-TOCAin normal mice and tumor bearing nude mice were investigated. The radiochemicalpurity of ¹⁸F-Ta-Gluc-TOCAwas 91%. The vitro stability was good. The octanol-water partition coefficientwas -0.43±0.05.The results of biodistribution in normal mice showed rapid clearance fromblood, and excreted mainly through the hepatobiliary metabolism, and also throughthe renal metabolism. The results of the biodistribution in tumor bearing nudemice showed high uptake in the tumor (4.34±0.47%ID/g, 60 min). The findings suggest that ¹⁸F-Ta-Gluc-TOCA is a potentialradiotracer for PET imaging of somatostatin receptor positive tumors.