国外标准报道（1）

JIS日本工业标准1.不锈钢焊条和实心焊丝2.不锈钢涂覆焊条3.不锈钢药芯焊丝4.钛及钛合金焊条及实心焊丝5.低碳钢及低合金钢用钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊焊条及实心焊丝6.铸铁用涂覆焊条7.等离子弧切割,焊接及惰性气体保护电弧焊用钨焊条8.用于低碳钢的气焊条9.硬化堆焊用涂覆焊条10.铝及铝合金焊条和焊丝11.钼钢及铬钼钢涂覆焊条12.高抗拉强度钢涂覆焊条13.低碳钢用涂覆焊条14.埋弧焊用不锈钢实心焊丝及焊剂15.9%镍钢TIG焊接用填充焊条及实心焊丝16.9%镍钢用埋弧焊用实心焊丝及焊剂17.低温钢用M AG焊实心焊丝18.涂覆焊条角焊试验方法19.塑…     

CH—859焊条技术条件

1.CH—859焊条系属低氢型,供给任何位置焊接18MnMoNb钢用,焊条采用直流反接(焊条接正极)。2.CH—859焊条用焊蕊有二种成份和两种药皮配方。当采用低碳合金08MnMo 焊蕊时,药皮配方为859A,采用低碳钢焊蕊(08A 焊)时,药皮配方为859B。其焊蕊化学成份列于表1。     

焊接材料及其生产设备

低氢型焊条药皮抗吸潮性研究，Q345B-Fr建筑耐火钢用E5015NiMo焊条的研制，TiO2对不锈钢焊条脱渣性的影响，Cr4NiMoV轧辊堆焊焊条堆焊工艺及性能研究，管线钢埋弧焊匹配焊丝试验，超低碳氮强化自保护药芯焊丝的研制及性能分析，不锈钢埋弧焊用金属芯焊丝工艺性能的研究，埋弧堆焊药芯焊丝研制过程中遇到的问题，我国药芯焊丝的现状分析与发展建议。[编者按]     

氧化气体中的水下自动焊

目前用优质焊条所进行的水下手工焊,由于生产效率不高,质量又不稳定,所以不能满足对焊接的要求。大家知道,在空气中进行自动焊与半自动焊的方法很多,有的用裸焊条,复藥焊条及管状焊条施焊,有的采用埋弧焊、电渣焊,惰性气体防护焊及其他方法。但是直到目前为止,上述任何一种方法都不适用于水下焊接。在空气中进行弧焊时,所用的塗料、藥末、熔剂和     

用强烈石墨化焊条冷焊铸铁的研究

冶焊(鑄件焊前不預热)是修补鑄鈇件缺陷的一种最簡便的方法,但是由于鑄鉄的本性,如用普通鋼焊条或普通鑄鉄焊条焊补时,焊着金属便会产生白口,不能用切削刀具进行机械加工。因此,一股用冶焊法釆焊补鑄鉄件加工面上的缺陷时,須用高价的蒙奈尔合金焊条、銅镍鑄鉄焊条或紫銅焊条,这样不但提高了成本,而且要消耗大量的鎳和銅,同时焊着金屬的組織和颜色也与基本金屬不一样。为了挽救在鑄造生产中造成的鑄鉄件废品,并节約高价的有色金屬焊条,笔者曾用各种成分     

颚式破碎机颚板焊接修复工艺的研究

本文应用直接在高锰钢上堆焊Ｄ２５６焊条和用铬镍奥氏体钢焊条（Ａ００２，Ａ１０２，Ａ１３２，Ａ３０２）打底两种焊接工艺研究了颚式破碎机颚板焊接修复问题，试验中发现了Ｄ２５６焊条直接堆焊高锰钢颚板ＨＡＺ液化裂纹不可避免，用铬镍奥氏体钢焊打底堆焊，由于铬镍奥氏体钢焊缝过高锰钢ＨＡＺ液化裂纹有“治愈”作用，可以得到没有焊接裂纹的焊接接头，其中以Ａ３０２焊条效果最佳，采用Ａ３０２焊条打底，在基个堆Ｄ２５６焊     

不锈钢焊条焊补铸铁的尝试

一般铸铁件的焊接往往采用铸铁焊条。焊补汽缸体平面上缸筒之间的裂纹时面临着特殊的情况,该件不允许焊前预热,否则会引起变形以致报废,所以不能使用热焊及半热焊铸铁焊条,而一时冷焊铸铁焊条缺手。于是试用了不锈钢焊条,施焊时不必加热被焊件,注意选用较小电流,焊后立即用小锤敲击焊缝,同样保证了焊接质量。     

薄皮管装硬质合金焊条的试验

把牙轮钻头齿面推焊用管装粒状铸造碳化钨焊条中的碳化钨以球状烧结碳化钨取代，并半管皮厚度减小制成薄皮管装球状绕结碳化钨焊条，各种试验表明焊条的性能有较大提高。     

手工电弧焊焊接规范的合理选择

手工电弧焊的焊接规范有焊条直径、电源种类与极性、焊接电流、电弧电压、焊接速度和焊接层数等,主要规范参数是焊条直径和焊接电流。焊接规范对于焊接质量和生产率影响很大,必须正确选择。 1、焊条直径的选择 (1)焊件的厚度较厚的焊件应选用直径较大的焊条,反之,亦然。 (2)焊接位置平焊焊缝选用的焊条直径应比其它位置大,d_(max)=6mm。立焊的d_(max)=5mm,仰焊、横焊的d_(max)=4mm。 (3)焊接层数在多层焊时,为防止产生未焊透缺陷,在焊底层焊缝时,应采用直径     

进口耐热钢管线的焊接

通过对耐热钢焊接性能的分析，提出了用同质焊条焊接耐热钢。焊接工艺性能试验证明，只要采取焊前预热，焊后热处理等工艺措施，可保证焊接质量。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.