基于知识的声目标探测识别系统

被动声目标探测广泛应用于战场目标识别或自动设备的故障探测;通过对声目标的短时信号处理,使用现场可编程门阵列器件的可重构技术对声目标探测识别系统设计;提出通过提取子带Mel倒谱系数(MFCC)参数特征构建声目标信息的知识库,并使用0阶Mel倒谱系数(MFCC0)进行频谱能量分析,找寻信号起止端点,将声目标Mel倒谱系数(MFCC)特征参数映射为二值图像进行模板匹配识别;将声目标识别输出的控制指令传送给工控机或直接输出控制相关的智能系统,实现战场声目标识别或自动设备的声故障探测.     

基于多重特征提取的战场车辆声目标识别

战场上车辆声音信号的构成非常复杂,采用单一的特征很难全面反映其特点,提取多种特征来构成特征向量就显得非常重要.应用改进的横虚警率检测(CFAR)算法对车辆声信号进行了分离,得到了数据的有效部分;提取了谐波集,Mel倒谱系数(MFCC)和小波能量3种特征,并应用主成分分析(PCA)方法对特征集进行了降维融合处理.实验结果表明:3种特征融合后的分类性能要好于单一特征,目标的识别率能够达到90%以上.     

基于△MFCC和KNN的挖掘设备声音识别

为保障电缆不受外力破坏,运用声音信号处理和模式识别技术,对挖掘设备声音信号进行识别。主要研究内容有:1声音信号的倒谱域特征参数分析:Mel频率倒谱系数(MFCC),一阶差分Mel频率倒谱系数(△MFCC);2采用KNN的识别算法进行测试。理论分析和实验结果表明,对于4种设备声音信号,△MFCC识别率可达86.69%,满足实际应用需求。提出的挖掘设备声音信号处理及识别算法具有通用性,可用于地下管道监测等领域。     

声纹识别在电厂设备状态监测中的运用

电力变压器是利用电磁感应在电路之间传递电力的设备,是电厂设备的关键部件。文中提出一种利用声音信号实现变压器故障检测的方法,即基于朴素贝叶斯分类器的变压器故障检测方法与用于声音信号的梅尔频率倒频谱系数（MFCC）特征向量,特别是基于MFCC的动态特征。这些声音信号可以通过传感器方便采集,首先,将采集的声音信号经过预处理,...     

基于加权Mel倒谱系数的说话人识别

说话人识别中的首要问题是从语音信号中提取能唯一表现说话人个性特征的有效而稳定可靠的特征参数.把感知加权技术应用到Mel倒谱分析中,通过对基于心理声学模型计算得到的信号掩蔽比插值获得权重函数,并将权重函数应用到Mel倒谱分析中获得加权Mel倒谱系数(WMCEP),以此为特征进行说话人识别.实验结果表明,WMCEP比MFCC和Mel倒谱系数(MCEP)能更好地逼近说话人的谱包络,在噪声环境下的鲁棒性更好,因此其识别性能要优于MFCC和MCEP.     

基于HHT-MFCC和短时能量的慢性阻塞性肺病患者呼吸声识别

为了优化梅尔频率倒谱系数（MFCC）特征提取算法,提高对呼吸声信号识别的准确率,实现识别慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）的目的,提出了基于希尔伯特黄变换（HHT）的MFCC与短时能量（Energy）融合的特征提取算法HHT-MFCC+Energy。首先,经预处理的呼吸声信号通过HHT计算出Hilbert边际谱和边际谱能量;其次,谱能量通过Mel滤波器得到特征向量,再对特征向量取对数和进行离散余弦变换得到HHT-MFCC系数;最后,将信号的短时能量与HHT-MFCC特征向量融合形成新特征,并通过支持向量机（SVM）进行信号识别。将MFCC、HHT-MFCC和HHT-MFCC+Energy三种特征提取算法结合SVM进行呼吸声信号识别,实验结果表明,所提出的特征融合算法在COPD患者和健康人呼吸声识别效果上都优于其他两种算法：当提取24维特征、选取100个训练样本时,识别率平均值能达到97.8%,分别比MFCC和HHT-MFCC高出6.9个百分点和1.4个百分点。     

优化正交匹配追踪和短时谱估计用于声音识别

声音事件识别时受到各种环境声的影响,采用优化正交匹配跟踪（Orthogonal Matching Pursuit,OMP）和短时谱估计对声音信号进行二次重构,能有效提高识别性能。采用粒子群算法（Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO）优化OMP稀疏分解作首次重构,保留声音信号的主体;采用短时谱估计对首次重构后的残余信号作声音增强处理,完成二次重构,去除非平稳噪声和提高重构声音信号的精度;对重构信号提取梅尔频率倒谱系数（Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient,MFCC）特征、优化OMP时-频特征和基频（Pitch）特征,组成复合抗噪特征集OOMP;使用深度置信网络（Deep Belief Network,DBN）对OOMP特征进行学习,并对40种声音事件在不同环境不同信噪比下进行识别。实验结果表明,该方法在不同信噪比的各种环境声中平均识别率为70.44%,且在?5?dB的情况下仍然可以达到49.90%的识别率,从而说明所提方法能有效地识别各种环境下的声音事件。     

基于学习矢量量化的空调压缩机声纹诊断方法

针对传统空调压缩机故障诊断工况信号采集困难的缺点,提出一种基于学习矢量量化(learning vector quantiza-tion,LVQ)神经网络的空调压缩机声纹识别模型用于空调压缩机故障诊断,将声纹识别技术引入压缩机故障诊断.对压缩机的声音数据进行预处理,包括预加重、分帧、加窗,在分帧步骤中针对压缩机的声音特性进行改进,通过计算声音信号的梅尔倒谱系数(Mel frequency cestrum coefficient,MFCC)得到压缩机声音的特征向量.在模型训练阶段,重点分析原始的LVQ算法和改进的LVQ算法的优缺点,对3种LVQ算法进行对比实验.实验结果表明,使用LVQ3算法学习的压缩机声纹识别模型在测试集上可以达到90％ 的召回率,研究结果为压缩机故障诊断提供了一种依据.     

基于高斯混合模型的自然环境声音的识别

提出了一种基于高斯混合模型（GMM）的自然环境声音的识别方法。提取Mel频率倒谱系数（MFCCs）来分析声音信号;对于每种声音使用期望最大化算法基于MFCC特征集建立高斯混合模型;使用最小错误率判决规则和投票裁决的方法进行识别。使用GMM对36种自然环境的声音进行识别的正确率可达95.83%,且识别效果优于K最近邻（KNN）。     

基于BP神经网络的电除尘火花放电识别

针对高压静电除尘中会发生火花放电现象,降低除尘效率、损坏设备的问题,提出了根据火花放电造成的声音进行火花识别的方法,利用MEMS（Micro-Electro-Mechanical System）数字麦克风采集声音信号,分析了火花放电声音的短时能量、短时过零率、线性预测倒谱系数和梅尔频率倒谱系数（MFCC）.建立BP神经网络识别系统,选用不同特征向量进行实验.研究结果表明：使用MFCC系数结合短时能量和短时过零率能提高识别率,对纯净样本的识别率高达96%,且用火花放电瞬间两帧数据作为火花样本进行BP神经网络训练能大幅度提高识别系统的鲁棒性,对非纯净样本的识别率高达95%.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.