两种复合垂直流人工湿地污水处理对比研究

构建下行流-上行流、下行流-下行流两套复合人工湿地处理生活污水,考察不同运行方式下两套湿地系统污染物净化效果。结果表明,下行流-上行流复合系统适合在较低水力负荷[0.6m3/（m^2.d）]下运行,系统连续进水5天的出水效果很好,COD、TP、氨氮、TN的去除率分别为75%-95%、65%-85%、45%-80%、45%-80%。下行流-下行流复合系统耐水力负荷冲击能力强,适合在高水力负荷[1.2m3/（m^2.d）]下运行,COD、TP、氨氮、TN的去除率分别为70%-95%、40%-85%、50%-90%、50%-80%;其水流方式较下行流-上行流复合系统水流方式更利于复氧,有利于高水力负荷下COD、氨氮的降解。研究成果为实际中人工湿地处理生活污水的运行操作提供了依据和参考。     

曝气生物滤池去除有机物及氨氮的影响因素分析

采用以陶粒为填料的曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理生活污水,研究气水比、水力负荷、进水COD和NH3-N负荷对BAF去除COD及NH3-N的影响,分析COD及NH3-N沿滤柱的变化规律。结果表明:当试验进水COD及NH3-N质量浓度分别为300~370mg/L和20~40mg/L时,最佳气水比为4∶1~5∶1,最佳水力负荷为1.0~2.0 m3/(m2.h)。当进水COD负荷为1.69~6.47 kg/(m3.d)时,COD去除率与进水COD负荷成正相关。BAF的硝化性能与进水NH3-N和COD负荷成负相关。     

生物沸石过滤器用于污水再生利用工程的研究

采用生物沸石过滤器,研究自然挂膜条件下的设备启动过程,并对不同工况下的处理效果进行对比研究,得出较为经济的运行参数。在水力负荷为6.79 m3/(m2.h),气水比为1∶1时,生物沸石过滤器对氨氮、CODCr、浊度的平均去除率分别为66.43%、43.3%、68.73%,出水达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准。同时对该工艺在低温下的处理效果进行试验研究,当水力停留时间为0.44 h时,氨氮平均去除率为26.25%。     

新型UBAF处理合成洗涤剂废水中难降解LAS的效能研究

通过在清水区悬挂生物绳软填料的上向流曝气生物滤池处理合成洗涤剂废水的试验,研究了水力负荷、气水比、污染负荷、滤层高度及溶解氧等对LAS处理效能的影响。结果表明:水力负荷、气水比及滤层厚度是新型UBAF处理效能的主要影响因素,进水污染负荷对LAS处理效能的影响不显著。废水LAS浓度与流经的滤层厚度存在很好的指数关系:Ch=C0ekh。新型UBAF的挂膜性能好,启动速度快,对COD、LAS的处理效能有一定提高。在水力负荷1.1 m3/(m2.h),气水比3∶1～4∶1的运行条件下,对典型合成洗涤剂废水中的LAS去除率达80%以上,处理水的LAS指标达到排放标准。     

沸石滤料生物滤池用于生活污水脱氮处理研究

为了去除生活污水中的氨氮,开发了沸石滤料生物滤池工艺,设置了13种工况对此生物滤池进行应用研究。试验结果表明,该工艺是一种经济实用的生活污水脱氮处理工艺。氨氮去除率稳定可以作为生物膜培养成功的标志。水力负荷的提高使氨氮的去除率明显下降,对CODCr去除影响则不大,最佳水力负荷为3m／h;同一工况下,生物降解稳定时,氨氮和CODCr去除容积负荷与其进水容积负荷呈线性相关,去除效果稳定;20-30℃是该工艺运行的最佳温度,低温下可适当延长停留时间;气水比为1:1即可使出水中溶解氧充足。     

多级人工湿地-塘组合系统对微污染水体污染物去除效果的实验研究

采用多级人工湿地-塘组合系统处理微污染水体,考察水力停留时间的变化条件下系统对COD、TP、浊度、氨氮等去除效果的影响.实验结果表明:在水力停留时间为5d时,COD、TP、浊度、氨氮去除率分别为62%、75%、80%、60%,多级人工湿地-塘组合系统能够有效的去除微污染水体污染物质.     

生物曝气滤池处理生活污水工艺特性研究

以小试规模研究了生物曝气滤池处理生活污水时对COD ,NH3-N的去除 ,在最佳工艺条件 (HRT =1 5 9h ,气水比 =7∶1)下 ,NH3-N的平均去除率为 74 2 % ,出水NH3-N≤ 15mg/L ,COD≤ 6 0mg/L ,BOD≤ 2 0mg/L ,SS≤ 2 0mg/L。探讨了COD负荷、NH3-N负荷、反冲洗和气水比对生物曝气滤池运行效果的影响     

黄土地区地下渗滤系统脱氮除磷效果试验研究

对西北黄土地区地下渗滤系统处理生活污水的氮磷去除效果进行试验研究.结果表明:在2.4 cm/d的水力负荷下,系统对氨氮、总磷的去除率可达到95%以上,对COD的去除率可达到85%以上;系统熟化后出水中氨氮、COD、总磷分别低于1、30、0.3 mg/L;系统对总氮亦有良好的去除效果,达69.7%.在试验中,硝化效果良好但反硝化效果不够理想,表明在黄土地区,改善渗滤场条件以促进反硝化反应是提高地下渗滤系统总氮去除率的关键.     

折流式曝气生物滤池设备的开发及应用研究

针对三峡库区小城镇生活污水处理特点,研发折流式曝气生物滤池(BBAF)设备,通过将多级串联组合式BAF集成在同心圆式反应器内,形成了良好的力学性能和水力条件.在设计参数下运行时,对SS、COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为76％、83％、97％、26％和45％.高气水比有利于COD和NH3-N的去除,但会削弱TN、SS的去除效能,BBAF适宜的气水比为9.当处理负荷在1.5～3.0 m3/h范围内变化时,SS、COD和NH3-N的平均去除率无明显波动,出水水质稳定,表明设备具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,对小城镇污水量变化系数大的特点具有很好的适用性.     

生物过滤氧化反应器处理生活污水中试研究

以生活污水为处理对象 ,研究了生物过滤氧化反应器 (BIOFOR)在高滤速、高负荷、小的气水比情况下 ,用非常短的水力停留时间 (6 0～ 80min) ,取得了很好的出水水质的机理 ,主要水质指标 (COD、BOD、SS、氨氮 )可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》或《生活杂用水水质标准》。同时探讨了滤速及容积负荷对出水水质的影响 ,分析了主要污染物的去除规律。     

不同条件对高效菌去除污水中氨氮效果影响研究

本文研究了pH值、温度、曝气时间、茵投入量（体积比）、溶解氧、水力停留时间、进水碳氮比、冲击负荷等影响因素对氨氮去除率的影响,对项目参数进行了优化。研究结果如下：在高效菌处理氨氮废水时,为了得到较好的去除效果,pH值应控制在7．0到8．O之间;温度应控制在25℃到35℃之间;曝气时间应保持在5h到6h之间;茵投入量（体积比）应保持在0．004到0．006之间;溶解氧浓度应保持在2mg／L到3mg／L之间：水力停留时间为16h．高效茵对污水中氨氮的去除效果最佳。     

H_2O_2与沸石联用处理污水厂二级出水的研究

为探寻污水厂二级出水深度处理方法,以阜新市某污水处理公司二级出水为研究对象,进行H2O2与沸石联用去除水中COD、氨氮的研究。结果表明：在二氧化锰的催化作用下,pH值为7时,H2O2和沸石的投加量分别为1.5mL和2g,二级出水的COD从138.24mg/L降到52.76mg/L,去除率达到75.36%,NH3-N从20mg/L降到5mg/L,去除率为74.59%,出水有机物和氨氮含量达到国家相关出水标准。     

Nitrogen removal in an upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor combined by aerobic biofiltration systems.

A new nitrogen removal process (up-flow sludge blanket and aerobic filter, USB-AF) was proposed and tested with real sewage. In the USB reactor, the larger part of influent organic and nitrogen matters were removed, and ammonia was effectively oxidized in the subsequent aerobic filter. The role of the aerobic filter was to convert ammonia into nitrate, an electron acceptor that could convert soluble organic matters into volatile suspended solid (VSS) in the USB. The accumulated as well as influent VSS in the USB was finally degraded to fermented products that were another good carbon source for denitrification. Total COD, settleable COD and soluble COD in the raw sewage were 325, 80 and 140 mg/l, respectively. Most unsettleable COD as well as some SCOD in the influent was successfully removed in the USB. TCOD removal in the anoxic filter was by denitrification with the recycled nitrate. Low COD input to the aerobic filter could increase nitrification efficiency, reduce the start-up period and save the aeration energy in the USB-AF system. About 95% of ammonia was nitrified in the aerobic filter with no relation to the influent ammonia concentration. Denitrification efficiency of the recycled nitrate in the anoxic filter was about 85, 83, and 72% at recycle ratios of 100, 200, and 300%, respectively. T-N removal efficiency was 70% at recycle ratio of 300%.     

Phosphorus removal under anoxic conditions in a continuous-flow A2N two-sludge process.

The Anaerobic-Anoxic/Nitrification (A2N) system is a continuous-flow, two-sludge process in which Poly-P bacteria are capable of taking up phosphate under anoxic conditions using nitrate as an electron acceptor. The process is very efficient because it maximizes the utilization of organic substrate for phosphorus and nitrogen removal. An experimental lab-scale A2N system fed with domestic sewage was tested over a period of 260 days. The purpose of the experiment was to examine phosphorus removal capacity of a modified A2N two-sludge system. Factors affecting phosphorus and nitrogen removal by the A2N system were investigated. These factors were the influent COD/TN ratio, Sludge Retention Time (SRT), Bypass Sludge Flow rate (BSF) and Return Sludge Flow rate (RSF). Results indicated that optimum conditions for phosphorus and nitrogen removal were the influent COD/TN ratio around 6.49, the SRT of 14 days, and the BSF and RSF were fixed at about 26-33% of influent flow rate.     

Grey water treatment in UASB reactor at ambient temperature.

In this paper, the feasibility of grey water treatment in a UASB reactor was investigated. The batch recirculation experiments showed that a maximum total-COD removal of 79% can be obtained in grey-water treatment in the UASB reactor. The continuous operational results of a UASB reactor treating grey water at different hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20, 12 and 8 hours at ambient temperature (14-24 degrees C) showed that 31-41% of total COD was removed. These results were significantly higher than that achieved by a septic tank (11-14%), the most common system for grey water pre-treatment, at HRT of 2-3 days. The relatively lower removal of total COD in the UASB reactor was mainly due to a higher amount of colloidal COD in the grey water, as compared to that reported in domestic wastewater. The grey water had a limited amount of nitrogen, which was mainly in particulate form (80-90%). The UASB reactor removed 24-36% and 10-24% of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, respectively, in the grey water, due to particulate nutrients removal by physical entrapment and sedimentation. The sludge characteristics of the UASB reactor showed that the system had stable performance and the recommended HRT for the reactor is 12 hours.     

浑太河流域水环境容量分配研究

为实现浑太河流域经济社会可持续发展、排污口排污权最大程度优化、工业及农业合理布局,通过区域水环境容量优化配置,分区段对浑河上游主要排污口、太子河流域生活排污口的交易情况进行优化计算,采用"排污口(直排口)—子流域(支流)—流域/干流"的分配过程对陆域、入河排污口、污染源的水环境容量总量进行分配。结果表明:(1)在考虑安全余量的情况下,对流域COD、氨氮水环境容量总量进行初次分配,分配总量分别为141 343 t、13 636 t,削减量分别占污染物应削减量的44.4%、47.7%,污染物治理总投入为2.18亿元,基本上能够实现流域污染物削减50%的控制目标。(2)通过加大污水处理厂建设力度以及污水达标处理力度进行二次削减,COD、氨氮排放总量分别为208 832 t、17 177 t,分别是流域水环境容量的1.48倍、1.26倍。(3)借助流域水量调整和下泄方式转变对流域污染物最大允许排放情况进行优化控制,得到COD、氨氮的最大允许排放量分别为158 313 t、14 796 t。重新分配后的水环境容量能够保证污染物入河后的水体浓度达标。     

一体化脱氮除磷污水净化装置的开发及处理效果研究

好氧缺氧一体化的高效分离生物流化复合反应器(HSBCR)是在内循环三相生物流化床的基础上发展起来的一种新型反应器.考察HSBCR在较短停留时间内处理生活污水时的脱碳、脱氮和除磷效果,结果表明:好氧区HRT为1.5 h时,COD_(Cr)、氨氮、总氮、总磷去除率分别为81%、51%、47%和50%;HRT为2.0 h时分别为84%、64%、54%和57%.HSBCR不仅能在短时间内使COD_(Cr)快速高效地去除,而且可以实现硝化与反硝化的一体化,满足脱氮除磷的要求,有望成为小城镇污水处理的适用技术.     

农村污水生物泳动床处理技术研究

生物泳动床工艺是一种采用新型、高效生物填料的生物膜污水处理方法,是生物接触氧化工艺的改进。对农村污水具有很好的处理效果,通过试验发现填料挂膜速度快,一般只需1周左右的时间即可完成。生物填料膜没有集中脱落或闭塞现象、无需反冲洗。COD从250mg/L增到700mg/L,出水COD去除率仍然高达90%以上,出水平均氨氮小于5mg/L,出水平均TN小于20mg/L,TN去除率60%以上。通过调节运行参数和进水水质的试验研究,最终确定出生物泳动床高效低成本的工艺运行参数。