含微纳B_4C/Ti颗粒铜基复合材料的微观组织与力学性能（英文）

采用高能球磨(HEBM)和放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺成功制备出微纳B_4C/Ti颗粒增强铜基复合材料(CTBCs),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及能谱(EDS)等测试手段对其微观组织形貌进行表征,并测定了烧结态试样的致密度和力学性能。结果表明,(B_4C+Ti)颗粒在基体中均匀分布,增强体与铜基体界面结合良好,且其结合形式为冶金结合和机械结合并存。复合材料的显微硬度、拉伸屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率等力学性能相较于纯铜试样得到显著提高,这主要归因于载荷传递、细化晶粒与热错配等强化机制。复合材料的拉伸断口表现出明显的韧性断裂特征。     

Ti 元素对B4C/Al复合材料力学性能的改善作用研究

B₄C/Al复合材料是目前最理想的中子吸收材料,广泛用于乏燃料储存。本文利用液态搅拌法制备B₄C/Al复合材料,通过添加Ti元素,探讨了界面反应对材料的界面结构和力学性能的影响。研究发现,Ti元素通过参与界面反应,改变了界面结构,在B₄C颗粒表面形成了紧密结合的纳米TiB₂界面层;Ti的添加消除了界面微裂纹、微孔、分离等缺陷。随着界面反应程度的加强,材料强度提高,尤其反应脱落的纳米TiB₂颗粒作为原位第二强化相进一步增强基体。B₄C/Al复合材料断裂过程表现为韧窝延性断裂;TiB₂界面层增强了B₄C颗粒与基体的结合,断裂行为从B₄C-Al界面脱落转变为B₄C颗粒断裂;但过渡的界面反应会形成微韧窝,引起材料延伸率下降。     

旋压变形量对B4C增强铝基复合管微观组织及力学性能的影响

本文采用等离子放电烧结+异步错距旋压方法制备了不同旋压变形量的B₄C颗粒含量为10wt.%的铝基复合材料管材,研究了变形量对复合管材微观组织和力学性能的影响。 研究结果表明:随着旋压变形量的增加,B₄C铝基复合管材内部B₄C颗粒分布由类似网状结构变为均匀分布,B₄C颗粒与基体铝合金之间界面形成了冶金结合;等离子放电烧结过程中的颗粒之间的“尖端放电”效应使得颗粒之间的界面处产生局部高温,促进了界面之间的结合,在界面处产生了AlB₂和Al₃BC金属间化合物;旋压变形量的增加,细化了铝合金的晶粒尺寸,减小了B₄C的颗粒尺寸,但旋压过程中导致的大尺寸B₄C颗粒的断裂弱化了细晶强化和颗粒强化对抗拉强度的作用。     

过渡元素改善B4C/Al材料界面润湿性的机理研究

B₄C/Al复合材料是目前最理想的中子吸收材料,但工业上常用的液态搅拌法制备过程中存在着界面润湿性差的问题。本文结合实验及第一性原理的方法,通过研究Al(111)/AlB₂(0001)和Al(111)/TiB₂(0001)界面的结构来分析工业上添加过渡元素Ti对B₄C/Al界面润湿性的改善机制。通过计算发现,Al(111)/TiB₂(0001)界面相对Al(111)/AlB₂(0001)界面具有更高的粘附功值,说明其界面结合更强。进一步对比Ti掺杂二硼化物和AlB₂的偏态密度结构,发现Ti掺杂体具有较低的反键态,表明Ti-3d和B-2p轨道电子杂化后,在B、Ti原子间形成了较强的化学键,从而促进了Al(111)/TiB₂(0001)界面处的强结合作用,提高了Al(111)/TiB₂(0001)界面粘附功,故而改善了B₄C/Al界面的润湿性。根据同样的理论依据,V掺杂体也具有较低的反键态,V和B之间的强结合效果或许能够改善B₄C/Al界面的润湿性,成为又一理想的溶体改性掺杂元素。     

TiP/AM60复合材料的组织与力学性能

采用超声振动辅助半固态搅拌法在不同搅拌速度下制备了钛颗粒增强AM60镁基复合材料。显微组织结果表明,加入Ti颗粒后,晶粒尺寸增大,Ti颗粒界面处析出Al₈Mn₅相,Ti颗粒与Mg基体的界面结构为结合良好的共格界面。拉伸试验结果表明,Ti_P/AM60复合材料的抗拉强度高于AM60镁合金基体。随着搅拌速度从300 r/min增加到900 r/min,抗拉强度和伸长率均先增大后减小。当搅拌速度为 600 r/min时,Ti_P/AM60复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到最大值183 MPa和14.3%。与AM60基体合金相比,复合材料的抗拉强度提高了15%,延伸率提高了51%。     

原位合成高含量TiB2/SiC复合材料的显微组织与性能

以SiC、TiO₂和B₄C为主要原料,采用原位合成法一步烧结制备高含量TiB₂/SiC复合材料,利用维氏硬度计、电子万能试验机、伏安电阻计、金相显微镜和电子扫描电镜,研究TiB₂含量对TiB₂/SiC复合材料力学性能、体积电阻率与显微组织的影响。结果表明：随着TiB₂含量的增加,复合材料的开口气孔率先降低后增加、抗折强度和断裂韧性均先增大后减小、维氏硬度逐渐增加、电阻率先快速下降后趋于稳定、TiB₂颗粒的平均粒径逐渐增大。1950 ℃烧结后,TiB₂含量为40 wt% 的复合材料性能最佳,其开口气孔率、抗折强度、断裂韧性和体积电阻率分别为0.56％、412 MPa、5.77 MPa?m_1/2和2.6×10_-1(Ω?cm)。     

W含量对自蔓延离心熔铸TiB2-TiC-(Ti,W)C陶瓷组织性能的影响

通过在(Ti+B₄C)体系中引入(WO₃+Al)燃烧体系,进而调整两体系的比例,采用自蔓延离心熔铸工艺成功制备出W系列含量的TiB₂-TiC-(Ti, W)C复合陶瓷。XRD、FESEM和XRD结果显示：陶瓷基体主要由TiB₂、TiC和(Ti, W)C固溶体组成,且随着W含量的增加,(Ti, W)C固溶体体积分数增加,而TiB₂和TiC体积分数减少且晶粒逐渐细化,同时,组织分布趋于均匀。力学性能测试表明,随着W含量的增加,TiB₂-TiC-(Ti, W)C复合陶瓷的相对密度和维氏硬度呈上升趋势,而陶瓷的弯曲强度和断裂韧性先增大后减小,在W含量65%时达到最大值,这是TiB₂作为唯一的增强相体积分数逐渐减少的结果。     

碳纤维-FeCoCrNiAl高熵合金颗粒混杂增强7075铝基复合材料的力学性能及断裂行为

为探究双相增强体对铝基复合材料拉伸性能和断裂行为的影响,采用真空热压烧结工艺在580 ℃,30 MPa条件下保温10 min制备了FeCoCrNiAl高熵合金颗粒增强7075铝基复合材料（HEA_p/Al）,Ni-Co-P镀层修饰碳纤维增强7075铝基复合材料（CF/Al）和FeCoCrNiAl高熵合金颗粒及Ni-Co-P镀层修饰碳纤维混杂增强铝基复合材料（CF-HEA_p/Al）。并对不同复合材料微观结构及拉伸性能进行分析表征及比较。结果表明：CF-HEA_p/Al复合材料的屈服强度（YS）与极限拉伸强度（UTS）随纤维含量的升高（体积分数由0至40%）呈现先增大后降低的变化,延伸率则逐渐降低。鉴于Ni-Co-P镀层修饰碳纤维与FeCoNiCrAl高熵合金颗粒的混杂强化效应, CF-HEA_p/Al复合材料的YS和UTS较HEA_p/Al与CF/Al复合材料明显提高,且其断口表现出基体韧性断裂及纤维拔出与断裂的多种失效特征。     

YbB6 对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金组织和性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）制备了含YbB₆的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金,并研究了YbB₆对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着YbB₆含量的增加,复合材料的显微组织发生转变,晶粒明显细化,原位反应生成的TiB晶须和Yb₂O₃颗粒有利于复合材料力学性能的提高。此外,当添加0.6%（质量分数）YbB₆后,烧结样品的相对密度、显微硬度、屈服强度、极限拉伸强度和延伸率分别为99.43%、4030 MPa、903 MPa、1148 MPa和3.3%。与Ti-6Al-4V试样相比,其数值分别提高了0.37%、13.8%、38.07%和17.14%。强化机制主要是组织转变、晶粒细化和弥散强化。随着YbB₆含量的增加,断裂方式主要为韧性断裂和脆性断裂。     

针刺预制体成型参数与C/C复合材料多目标力学性能响应模型研究

基于响应曲面法,采用Design-expert系统研究了预制体针刺成型参数与C/C复合材料多目标性能的相关性,构建了响应曲面数学模型。分析结果表明,针刺C/C复合材料的拉伸强度、剪切强度、压缩强度、增强预制体体密度、拉伸强度与剪切强度比值各响应模型的显著性水平P均小于0.05,且各复相关系数平方和均大于0.82,模拟值与实测值吻合程度较高,可应用于针刺C/C复合材料各项目标性能的设计与预测。当针刺密度为12.18针/cm₂、针刺深度11.68mm、网胎面密度90.55g/m₂时,增强预制体体密度可达0.42g/cm₃,针刺C/C复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度为116.49MPa、弯曲强度21.84MPa、剪切强度19.41MPa、压缩强度160.88MPa。     

Mg/Al脉冲加压扩散连接接头显微组织及力学性能

采用脉冲加压扩散连接工艺,实现了AZ31镁合金与5083铝合金的连接.借助扫描电镜、EDS、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计等手段对接头的显微组织及力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,接头有镁合金基体、冶金反应层、扩散层和铝合金基体组成.焊缝中形成了Mg₂Al₃,AlMg和Al_0.56Mg_0.44金属间化合物.接头最高硬度值达3300 MPa.随着保温扩散时间的延长,接头的抗拉强度出现了先升高后降低的现象,最高接头强度达46 MPa,在断口中发现了部分韧窝,断口属于韧性和准解理混合断口.在镁合金和铝合金两侧,硬度变化区域出现不对称现象.     

Transient liquid phase diffusion bonding of Al/Al2O3 nanostructured metal matrix composites

Transient liquid phase (TLP) diffusion bonding was carried out on nanostructured metal matrix composite sheets of Al-1100 alloy with 5 wt-% alumina particles at various bonding temperatures and process durations. A thin layer of 5 μm pure copper was electrodeposited as an interlayer. Joint formation was first attributed to the solid state diffusion of copper into the aluminium metal matrix followed by eutectic formation; then, base metal dissolution and isothermal solidification was completed at the joint interface. Joint area was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Diffraction patterns showed the formation of intermetallic phases like CuAl₂. The concentration of Al₂O₃ particles increases across the interface as the bonding temperature increases. As a result, the highest bond strength of 123 MPa was achieved after a bonding duration of 30 min at 590°C.     

Effect of immersion Ni plating on interface microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu bimetal

A nickel-based coating was deposited on the pure Al substrate by immersion plating, and the Al/Cu bimetals were prepared by diffusion bonding in the temperature range of 450–550 °C. The interface microstructure and fracture surface of Al/Cu joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the Al/Cu bimetals were measured by tensile shear and microhardness tests. The results show that the Ni interlayer can effectively eliminate the formation of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds. The Al/Ni interface consists of the Al₃Ni and Al₃Ni₂ phases, while it is Ni-Cu solid solution at the Ni/Cu interface. The tensile shear strength of the joints is improved by the addition of Ni interlayer. The joint with Ni interlayer annealed at 500 °C exhibits a maximum value of tensile shear strength of 34.7 MPa.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D fine-woven punctured C/C composites with PyC/SiC/TaC interphases

The 3D fine-woven punctured C/C-(P_yC/SiC/TaC) composites, composed of P_yC/SiC/TaC interphases and pyrocarbon (PyC) matrix, were synthesized by isothermal chemical vapor infiltration (ICVI) methods. The alternating layers and the structure of these composites were examined by polarized light microscopy (PLM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that the P_yC matrix has rough laminar (RL) structure, the TaC layer has NaCl-type cubic structure, and the SiC layer has few wurtzite type 10H-SiC besides β-SiC structure. The effects of fiber coating and the bulk density on the tensile and flexural properties of composites along X or Y and Z direction were investigated. It is shown that fiber coated 3D woven punctured C/C composites have good tensile and flexural strength, and the maximum of flexural strength is 375 MPa in X or Y direction at density of 1.89 g/cm³, which is about three times higher than that of samples without TaC/SiC fiber coating. The flexural strength and bending strength increase with increasing the density of the composites. The analysis of fracture surfaces reveals that fibers and fiber bundles are pulled out in composites, indicating that the composite exhibits a non-linear failure behavior through propagation and deflection of the cracks.     

Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded Al/Mg2Si metal matrix composite using copper interlayer

Diffusion bonding of Al/Mg₂Si metal matrix composite (MMC) using Cu interlayer at optimal bonding temperature of 540 °C for various bonding durations was investigated. This metal matrix composite (MMC) containing 15% Mg₂Si particles was produced by in situ technique. Specific diffusion bonding process was introduced as a low vacuum technique. The composition and microstructure of the joined areas were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Microhardness and shear tests were conducted to the samples to evaluate the effect of bonding duration on weldability. Several different diffusion layers exist at the bond region depending on the bonding duration. The shear strength of joints increased with bonding duration due to elimination of CuAl₂ brittle diffusion layer.     

In-Situ (TiB+TiC) particulate reinforced titanium matrix composites: Effect of B4C size and content

This study investigated the microstructure and tensile behavior of (TiB+TiC) reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) using an in-situ reaction between Ti and B₄C. Different B4C sizes (1,500 and 150 μm) and contents (0.94, 1.88 and 3.76 mass%) were added to pure Ti to produce 5, 10, and 20 vol% (TiB+TiC) reinforced TMCs. In-situ synthesized TiB and TiC reinforcements prepared with 150 μm B₄C were very fine, and were distributed more homogeneously than the 1,500 μm B₄C. As the TiB and TiC contents increased, the tensile strength increased and the ductility decreased compared to unreinforced pure Ti. The improvements in the tensile strength of TMCs were obtained by load transfer strengthening and an alpha-Ti matrix grain reduction of 9–26%. In addition, the TMCs produced using 150 μm B₄C showed a greater tensile elongation of approximately 61–117%, with a slightly improved strength compared to that with 1,500 μm B₄C. The tensile elongation of TMCs obtained with 150 μm B₄C was enhanced because the coarse reinforcements produced by 1,500 μm B₄C were more easily and frequently cracked at the fracture surface.     

Influence of Li addition on mechanical property and aging precipitation behavior of Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg alloy

The influence of Li addition on mechanical property and aging precipitation behavior of Al-3.5Cu-1.5Mg alloy was investigated by tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results show that the tensile strength can be significantly improved with the slightly decreased ductility and the form of fracture morphology is converted from ductile fracture into ductile/brittle mixed fracture by adding 1.0% Li. Besides, the peak aging time at 185 °C is delayed from 12 to 24 h and the main precipitation phase S'(Al₂CuMg) is converted into S' (Al₂CuMg)+δ'(Al₃Li), while the formation of S'(Al₂CuMg) is delayed.     

Effects of CeO2 additive on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ TiB2/Al composite

In this paper, CeO₂ was investigated as an additive for in situ preparation of TiB₂/Al composite using an exothermic reaction process via K₂TiF₆ and KBF₄ salts. Experimental results indicated that when 0.5 wt.% CeO₂ additive was added, the dispersion of TiB₂ particles was improved significantly. Meanwhile, α-Al matrix grain was further refined. Compared with the composite without CeO₂, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus and tensile elongation increased by 8%, 7%, 26% and 14%, respectively in as-cast condition, and the tensile fracture behavior of the composite with CeO₂ belonged to a typical ductile fracture with microvoid coalescence.     

6082-T6铝合金的微观组织与拉伸断裂的关系

采用静态拉伸的方法,研究了时效态6082-T6铝合金的力学性能。利用光学显微镜(OM)、透射显微镜(TEM) 观察了合金的微观组织,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对拉伸断口形貌进行了研究,利用电子探针(EPMA)分析了析出相的分布。通过以上方法分析了时效态6082-T6铝合金的微观组织与拉伸断裂间的关系。结果表明:时效态6082-T6铝合金的屈强比高,抗拉强度为345 MPa,屈服强度为326 MPa;该铝合金中分布有球形凹坑状黑色的Mg₂Si析出相,同时还存在白色的α-AlMnFeSi等富铁夹杂相;时效态6082-T6铝合金的拉伸断口呈明显的韧窝型断裂特征。位错塞积产生的应力集中超过弱界面结合强度时,合金的基体就会发生局部区域的断裂,从脆硬的析出相颗粒周围断裂形成坑状的韧窝,最后形成包含有硬脆夹杂相颗粒的韧窝型断裂。