含稀土硅化铁热电材料的电学性能初探

采用悬浮真空熔炼和800℃,168h真空退火方法制备了含稀土Sm的FeSi2基金属硅化物,并对其晶体结构、See-beck系数、电阻率进行了初步研究。实验发现,名义组成为Fe0.6Sm0.4Si2的试样的热电功率因子从室温时的0.26×10-4W·m-1K-2随温度上升到500℃时的1.6×10-4W·m-1K-2,比不含Sm或含Sm量很少的对比试样高一个数量级左右。其原因被认为是由于Sm的外层4f电子的贡献。     

镍铁尖晶石基金属陶瓷惰性阳极的研制

采用热压烧结的方法制备了镍铁尖晶石基金属陶瓷试样,用于铝电解的惰性阳极。实验制得了相对密度大于98%的阳极试样,并研究了试样的导电性能和抗电解质腐蚀性能。结果表明,所得的阳极试样的电导率随温度的升高而增大,在900℃时电导率在40Ω-1·cm-1~60Ω-1·cm-1之间。在电解过程中,阳极电压降平稳(2.8V~3.2V),表明阳极的电阻在电解过程中没有明显变化,导电性能稳定。用反电动势法测量电解反应的分解电压为2.2V~2.5V,表明电解反应为2Al2O3=4Al+3O2,电极呈现良好的惰性。电子显微分析表明,试样抗冰晶石-氧化铝熔盐腐蚀的性能良好,电解质通过对Fe2O3的溶解来腐蚀阳极。     

Fe－Co－Si－Cu热电材料的输运特性

采用真空悬浮熔炼和真空退火方法制备了Fe1-xCoxSi2-0．1at％Cu热电材料。试样的微观组织中包含大量尺寸在1μm左右的小孔和一些裂纹。输运特性测量结果表明，550K时掺杂载流子的热激发达到饱和，700K以上发生本征激发现象。实验发现Co的最佳掺杂量为lat％左右，名义组成为Fe0.97Co0.03Si2-0．1at％Cu的试样的热电性能最好。     

四元Mg2Si0.27Ge0.05Sn0.65Sb0.03固溶体的热电性能

通过氧化硼助熔剂法和放电等离子烧结技术制备了Mg_2(1+x)Si_0.27Ge_0.05Sn_0.65Sb_0.03 (x = 0.05, 0.08)四元固溶体热电材料。测量了在300 K - 800 K 的温度区间内测试了所有四元固溶体试样的塞贝克系数、电导率和热导率。研究结果表明随着温度的升高电导率单调降低而塞贝克系数单调升高,所有样品的晶格热导率明显高于通过Abeles模型计算所得到的理论值。最高无量纲热电优值出现在x=0.08样品中,在800 K时达到最高值1.0.     

Al-22Si-3Fe-1.8Mn合金中的四元富铁相研究

利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜(带EDS)和金相显微镜对Al-22Si-3Fe-1.8Mn合金进行研究.结果表明:在铸态试样中存在晶体结构分别与Al8Fe2Si、Al9Fe2Si2和Al3FeSi2晶体结构相同的三种四元富铁相,并确定了其中两种相的化学式分别为Al12Si2Fe2Mn、AL42.5Si11Fe4.7Mn.通过萃取态试样确定了另一种富铁相的化学式为Al15.97Sil4.8.82Fe4.24Mn,并且该相为Al-22Si-3Fe-1.8Mn合金中最先析出的高温相.     

溶剂热合成Bi2Te3基合金的结构与电学性能

用溶剂热法合成了二元Bi2Te3和三元Bi1.3Sn0.7Te3合金纳米粉末,并采用热压技术制备了块状热电材料.XRD分析结果表明:Bi-Sn-Te三元固溶体合金可以直接通过溶剂热合成获得单相产物,而非掺杂Bi2Te3合金需要通过热压等后热处理来实现产物的单一化;热压过程有助于促进反应的完全和晶型的完整,但会导致晶粒的长大.对试样电导率σ和Seebeck系数α的测量结果显示,Bi-Sn-Te三元固溶体合金比二元Bi-Te合金具有更好的电学性能.     

Fe—Sm—Si热电合金的电学特性

采用悬浮熔炼法制备了Fe-Sm-Si热电合金材料,并研究了其电学输运特性。实验表明:在Fe1-xSmxSi2合金中,Sm为n型掺杂元素,Sm轻掺杂时,试样仍为p型,随着Sm量的增加,试样的Seebeck系数和功率因子都降低;Sm含量x 0.4的高Sm硅化物试样为n型,其中,热电性能最好的试样成分为Fe0.6Sm0.4Si2,其电阻率在10-5W穖数量级,而Seebeck系数仍达到80 mV稫-1左右。其机理被认为是由于Sm的4f层电子的贡献。     

EVAPORATION BEHAVIOUR OF ELEMENTS DURINGVAR WITH LARGE SECTION CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE OF ALLOY A-286

研究了直径为410mm的A-286合金自耗电极真空电弧重熔过程的熔化特征及电极端部不同区域内Mn的分布,发现Mn挥发主要发生于电极端部熔滴形成阶段。Mn含量在金属液层内部分布均匀,接近于挥发反应的平衡值;在液固两相区内,从金属液层内表面至电极原始区Mn含量呈直线增加。可以认为,Mn挥发过程受控于Mn原子在液固两相区内的迁移速度。重熔锭中Mn含量[Mn]_l=[Mn]_eexp(-K_1·nA_d·γ·W~(-1))+[Mn]_f[1-exp(-K_l·nA_d·γ·W~(-1))],显然,可通过控制电极Mn含量[Mn]_e及熔化速率W来控制[Mn]_l。此外,对粘附于结晶器壁的挥发凝聚层进行了成分分析,发现凝聚层由Mn,Cr,Fe,Ni组成,Mn含量大于40％,而挥发物质Cr,Fe及Ni在合金重熔前后的重量百分浓度基本不变。     

铸造铝硅合金中Fe相去除的研究

研究了添加Mn对Al-Si共晶合金(ADCl2)中Fe相形貌的影响,并研究了加Mn及合金重力沉降联合作用对去除铝硅铁相以及采用电磁搅拌分离Fe的效果.实验发现,铝硅中添加Mn使针状β-铁相逐渐向骨骼状、汉字状及块状转变,减小了针状β-铁相的割裂作用,改善了合金的力学性能.无Mn合金熔体,在620℃进行重力沉降的效果很小,而加Mn使Mn/Fe比为1时,富铁相重力沉降效果较明显,试样中部和上部的含Fe量明显减少.并且在620℃进行重力沉降的有效时间在30～240min之间.当对熔融合金进行电磁充分搅拌处理时,铸件内部的Fe发生定向迁移,铸件心部的Fe含量降低,利于Fe的去除.     

热压烧结Ti3AlC2材料的制备、结构与性能研究

采用热压工艺研究了不同工艺制度和原料中不同的Si含量对Ti3AlC2合成的影响.研究表明在1 300℃～1 500℃,30MPa压力和Ar气氛中热压摩尔比为n(TiC)n(Ti)n(Al)n(Si)=2110.2的混合粉末,可以得到纯度达98%(质量分数)以上的致密块体Ti3AlC2材料;添加的Si均匀分布在基体中,形成固溶体,当添加Si的摩尔比为0.2时,固溶体的化学式为Ti2 76Al0 78Si0.22C2.烧结试样的晶体为层片状结构,1 300℃和1 400℃时,烧结试样的晶粒尺寸分别为10μm～15μm和20μm～30μm.材料的维氏硬度为3.3 GPa～5.0 GPa,弹性模量为289 GPa,抗压强度为785 MPa,抗弯强度为375 MPa,断裂韧性为7.0 MPa·m1/2;25℃时,电导率为3.1×106 S·m-1,热容为125.4 J/mol·K,热导率为27.5 W/m·K;热膨胀系数为8.8×10-6 K-1.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.