玉米油改性结合型加脂剂的合成与应用

为了改善结合型加脂剂流动性,以玉米油为原料,采用NaOH和乙醇溶液为酯交换剂,在120~150℃同时进行酯交换反应和酰胺化反应。产物再经110℃酯化,70~75℃亚硫酸化,得到结合型加脂剂。其流动性、稳定性、结合力和乳化性好;质量分数大于4%的结合型加脂剂乳液表面张力达37.8 mN/m,具有良好的表面活性和渗透性;经加脂剂单独加脂的皮革,增厚6.25%,颜色浅淡,丰满柔软。由应用实验得出其合适的加脂条件为:中和pH=6.5,加脂温度60℃。     

皮革化学品“十五”规划

据 1995年工业普查统计 ,全国已有制革企业 2 30 0个。年排废水 1亿ｔ以上 ,其中铬 3 5 0 0ｔ,硫 5 0 0 0ｔ,悬浮物 12万ｔ。“十五”规划中要求皮革鞣剂要以高分子材料改性植物鞣剂制备无铬鞣剂 ,根除制革主要污染源 ;开发高铬吸收助鞣剂 ,提高铬鞣剂的革上吸收率 ;开发具有加脂、防水性能的树脂复鞣剂 ,提高产品性能。加脂剂要开发白色、浅色革用耐光性加脂剂 ,解决泛黄问题 ;要开发防水、耐水洗革的加脂剂(如丙烯酸长链酯、马来酸长链酯以及有机硅和有机氟类改性加脂剂的适当复配等 ) ;开发汽车革、家具革低雾化防雾加脂剂 ;开发磷酯加脂…     

CZF和CWF高档服装革合成加脂剂在制革工业中的应用(摘要)

<正> 1.油品的选择对加脂作用的影响 文章简要叙述了各类不同油脂的有关加脂理论和不同油品的加脂作用,指出天然油脂制备成加脂剂加脂后存在着革面容易变硬、脆裂等缺点,应用受到局限,单纯采用一般的动植物油脂及其它硫酸化产品不能满足不同品种皮革的要求,因此,合成加脂剂得到了广泛的应用。加脂剂油类品种对加脂效果影响起着主导作用,目前朝着天然动植物油脂、矿物油、合成油脂相结合构成复合型加脂剂的方向发展,同时需进一步研究使用的乳化剂,制备成细乳液形态的加脂剂更有利于渗透,提高加脂效果,以使皮子的粒面手感柔软、丰满。     

亚硫酸化羊毛脂加脂剂的合成与应用(摘要)

<正> 亚硫酸化羊毛脂加脂剂是一种具有增进皮革的表面滑润感和柔软度、疏水和耐光等效果的高档加脂剂,由羊毛脂及其衍生物经亚硫酸化加工处理而成。我国年产羊毛18万吨左右,可回收羊毛脂近万吨。本文以国产羊毛脂为原料对该加脂剂的合成工艺进行了研究,得到淡黄色的浆状加脂剂,阴离子型,有效成分约50％,10％乳液pH值为中性,贮存期大于1年。该加脂剂经多家制革厂应用,结果一致表明:(1)它具有增进皮革的滑润手感的性质,可作为手感改良剂在主加脂中使用;若在表面加脂及涂饰中使用,则其效果会更加显著,且不会影响成革的耐干湿擦性能。(2)柔软效果良好;其填充性及选择填充性均较鱼油的好,因而更     

MLA型磺化琥珀酸羊毛醇酯皮革加脂剂的制备及性能

将羊毛醇与其他活性氢化合物改性剂混合并融化均匀,同顺丁烯二酸酐在 95℃反应 3h,形成顺丁烯二酸单酯,加入Na2SO3 饱和水溶液,在 80℃磺化反应 2h得到磺化琥珀酸羊毛醇酯钠盐。将其与氧化亚硫酸化鱼油、氧化亚硫酸化蓖麻油、硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚复配,制得以磺化琥珀酸酯钠盐为主要组分的MLA型皮革加脂剂。多媒体显微镜显示该加脂剂乳液平均粒径在 0. 5μm以下。并对该加脂剂的制备原理和性能进行了探讨,从加脂革的组织结构、理化指标分析等验证了MLA型皮革加脂剂具有良好的加脂效果。     

羊毛脂琥珀酸酯磺酸盐加脂剂的制备及性能

将等物质的量的羊毛脂和马来酸酐在 6 0℃加热 2 0min ,加入催化剂对甲苯磺酸 ,在 10 0℃反应 3h ,可得到羊毛脂琥珀酸酯。调节pH值至 6～ 7,加入NaHSO3 饱和水溶液 ,反应 1h ,85℃时反应 2h ,最后升温并在减压下除去水分。向产物中加适量的过氧化氢 ,将未反应的亚硫酸氢钠氧化成硫酸钠 ,得羊毛脂琥珀酸酯磺酸盐。将其与氯化石蜡、硬脂酸聚氧乙烯酯及非离子表面活性剂复配 ,制得AS结合型加脂剂。透射电镜照片显示加脂剂乳液粒子尺寸为 0 5 μm以下 ,且分布均匀 ,产品具有良好的水分散性、耐酸性、耐盐性及良好的加脂性能     

辛醇在无皂乳液聚合中的应用

提出了在无皂乳液中加入挥发性有机物质辛醇进行聚合反应 ,以提高乳液的性能及稳定性。详细讨论了各种因素对合成无皂乳液的影响 ,得出了最佳工艺条件 :辛醇的用量为单体质量的 3 0 % ;m(CH2 CHCOOC2 H5) ∶m(C6H5CHCH2 ) =1 0 0 0∶0 2 2 9;反应温度 85℃ ;反应时间3h ;恒温时间 0 5h ;乳液的 pH =8 0。加料方式 :辛醇与单体混合 ,乳化剂与水混合。实验证明 ,挥发性有机物质与极少数乳化剂的复合使用不仅提高了乳液的稳定性 ,而且也大幅度提高了乳液聚合物的性能 ,尤其是冻融稳定性得以很大的改善     

化学配方

压敏胶组成一种丙烯酸聚合物乳液的混合物,含有一种低分子量的丙烯酸聚合物,具有强的粘合力,例如:70份丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和25份醋酸乙烯酯及5份丙烯酸聚合,为乳液Ⅰ[26634—78—6],还有70份丙烯酸丁酯和25份醋酸乙烯     

丙烯酸高级酯共聚物组成与其无皂乳液稳定性研究

制备了不同分子结构的丙烯酸高级酯共聚物无皂乳液,测定了丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸十六酯的竟聚率,考察了共聚物的组成对无皂乳液电解质稳定性、机械稳定性和pH值稳定性的影响。结果显示,丙烯酸竟聚率为2.32,甲基丙烯酸十六酯竟聚率为0.59,随共聚物中丙烯酸组分含量增加,乳液粒子表面羧基含量增大,乳液机械稳定性和pH值稳定性提高,乳液适合在偏碱性条件下使用。     

具有温度和pH敏感性微凝胶的制备与表征

采用无皂乳液聚合法,以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为主单体、乙酰乙酸基甲基丙烯酸乙酯和丙烯酸为共聚单体,合成了具有温度及pH双重敏感性的微凝胶.用红外光谱、扫描电镜和紫外可见吸收光谱对试样进行了表征和分析.结果表明,所得微凝胶为单分散性良好的球形粒子,粒径约为200～250 nm;微凝胶具有温度和pH双重敏感特性,在丙烯酸摩尔分数为0～10%时,随其增加及溶液浓度减小和pH值的增大,微凝胶的低临界溶解温度升高.     

丙烯酸树脂纳米乳液的制备及对皮革的增强作用

用半连续加料法,制备了固体成分质量分数为25%的聚丙烯酸树脂纳米乳液(胶乳粒径平均约20nm),并将其用于皮革复鞣。用激光粒度仪和红外光谱仪分别对胶粒粒径和聚合物组成进行了表征,并用多功能材料实验机对皮革强度进行了测量。结果表明:当乳化剂w〔十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)〕=4%,助乳化剂w〔正戊醇(NP)〕=0.75%,引发剂w〔过硫酸铵(ASP)〕=0.2%,w〔丙烯酸(AA)〕=0.4%～0.8%时,w(固体组分)=25%的纳米乳液的胶粒粒径最小(平均19.8nm)。用w〔二乙烯基苯(DVB)〕=1.2%作为交联剂,w〔丙烯酸(AA)〕=0.8%作为功能性单体所制备的丙烯酸纳米乳液,对皮革的增强效果最好。用皮革质量2%的丙烯酸纳米乳液复鞣猪二层革,能使革的抗张强度提高68%,撕裂强度提高44%。     

Comparison of properties of acrylic–polyurethane hybrid emulsions prepared by batch and semibatch processes with monomer emulsion feed

Aqueous acrylic–polyurethane hybrid emulsions were prepared by batch and semibatch polymerization of acrylic monomer mixtures (butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid) in the presence of polyurethane dispersion. The acrylic component was introduced in the monomer emulsion feed. The weight ratio between acrylic and polyurethane components was varied to obtain different emulsion properties, microphase structure and mechanical film properties. Scanning electron microscopy, average particle size and molecular weight measurements were performed to characterize the latex systems. Mechanical properties were examined by measuring Koenig hardnesses of dried films. The average particle size increased with the acrylic/polyurethane ratio. Particles of larger than average size and, to some extent, higher than average molecular weights by batch process were formed. Koenig hardnesses decreased with increasing acrylic/polyurethane ratio. Properties of emulsions synthesized by semibatch processes were compared with the results reported for a different polyurethane dispersion. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis and performance of alkyd–acrylic hybrid binders

Preparation and properties of alkyd–acrylic hybrids have been studied. Hybrids with different alkyd–acrylic ratios and acrylic parts were prepared via free radical polymerization of acrylic monomers in a presence of an unsaturated alkyd resin using emulsion polymerization technique. The binders were characterized according to their solid content, conversion, viscosity, pH and particle size. Evidence on formation of true copolymer was obtained via NMR spectroscopy and molecular weight and glass transition temperature measurements, as well as via performance studies. The performance evaluation was focused on investigation of drying, penetration and water repellency ability, as well as on film formation and surface topography studies. The binders were compared to references of an alkyd emulsion, acrylic latex and a blend made of them. The results showed that alkyd–acrylic hybrids with synergistic and improved properties can be prepared.     

Seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene: Incorporation of acrylic acid in latex products

Seeded batch emulsion polymerization of styrene and acrylic acid was studied. The influence of pH and acrylic acid content on the polymerization rate and the amount of carboxylic acid groups incorporated in the final latex products was investigated. The distribution of the functional groups over the aqueous phase, the latex particle surface, and the interior of the latex particle was determined using aqueous conductometric titration and nonaqueous potentiometric titration at intermediate and complete overall conversions. Combined with kinetic results, the carboxylic acid group distribution history provided valuable information about the process of incorporation of acrylic acid in latex products. Two‐step processes in which a shot of acrylic acid was performed in the last stage of the emulsion polymerization reaction were investigated as a strategy to increase the surface incorporation efficiency. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 875–885, 2000     

Agglomeration of polybutadiene latex by highly carboxylated functional microspheres

Polybutadiene latex (PBL) was agglomerated by highly carboxylated core-shell agglomerating agents, which contained carboxyl groups in the shell polymer [core monomers (methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and ethyl acrylate)/shell monomer (acrylic acid)]. The effects of different parameters upon the particle size of agglomerated PBL were investigated, namely, agglomeration time, amount of agglomerating agent, pH of dispersion medium, amount of acrylic acid and combination of core monomers. The particle growth mechanism was also examined. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

GAD室温自交联乳液的粒径及其分布

合成得到了含环氧基、羧基和胺基的室温自交联乳液,研究了聚合工艺和乳胶粒结构及组成对乳液粒径及其粒径分布的影响。结果表明：聚合温度对乳液粒径及其分布的影响较小,加大乳化剂用量和乳化单体滴加速率使乳液粒径减小,粒径分布变窄;壳层甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯用量增加,致仗乳液粒径增大和粒径分布变宽;在合适的中间层分率下获得粒径较小和粒径分布较均匀的乳液;中间层引入（甲基）丙烯酸可减小乳胶粒径,并使粒径分布更均匀。     

高分子附聚法制备超大粒径聚丁二烯胶乳

以自制丙烯酸胶乳为高分子附聚剂,以粒径300nm聚丁二烯胶乳(PBL-0700)为起始胶乳,采用高分子附聚法制备了500～600nm超大粒径聚丁二烯胶乳(目标胶乳),考察了附聚剂加入量、放置时间、后稳定剂的加入、附聚温度等因素对目标胶乳粒径的影响,确定了高分子附聚法超大粒径聚丁二烯胶乳制备工艺。     

阴离子型核壳结构水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯复合乳液的合成

采用种子乳液聚合法,以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚醚二元醇(N220)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)等为主要原料合成了具有核壳结构的聚氨酯丙烯酸(PUA)复合乳液。用FT-IR、TEM和粒度仪对所制备的共聚乳液的粒径、形态结构和胶膜的力学性能进行了表征。研究表明,随DMPA添加量增加,离子基团增加,PUA乳液平均粒径渐小,乳液黏度先增大后减小,其含量为6%较适宜。     

Correlation between water permeability of latex-modified concrete (LMC) and water diffusion coefficient of latex film

Cement-based materials are generally known as weak materials in flexure and tension in comparison with compression. Polymers are used in cement-based materials to improve their flexural and tensile behaviors. The composite is called as polymer-modified concrete/mortar. Furthermore, polymers decrease permeability of water into cementitious matrices. Polymers are usually used as admixtures in concretes in form of latexes. Latexes are water-based polymers, which are consistent with water-based concrete matrices. On this basis, these kinds of products are called latex-modified concretes (LMCs). However, it has been found that chemical composition, particle size distribution, molecular weight, physical/mechanical properties of latexes affect performance of modified concretes. In this investigation, six latexes in three categories (acrylic, SBR and polyvinyl acetate) were used as concrete admixtures. They were characterized for chemical composition (by FTIR analysis), minimum film formation temperature, pH, glass transition temperature (T _g), particle size and particle size distribution to evaluate the effect of each property on LMC performance. Due to the formation of latex film in the microcracks and pores of concrete microstructure, it was suggested that diffusion of water into films controls permeability of whole concrete structures. On this basis, the diffusion coefficient of the latex films subjected to water was measured using a new method (continuous FTIR analysis). Capillary water absorption test was performed on concrete specimens to verify validity of the suggestion. It was found that there is a correlation between capillary water absorption of LMCs and water diffusion coefficient of latex films.     

自交联型改性苯丙乳液的制备及其用于防水涂料的性能研究

以丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酸丁酯（ BA）和苯乙烯（St）为基础单体,通过调控功能单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（ GMA）的用量制备了一种自交联型改性苯丙乳液（ PGSA）对乳液粒径大小与分布、形态与形貌以及乳液涂膜吸水性能进行了表征。以 PGSA乳液为液料辅以无,机水泥等填料制备了双组分聚合物水泥防水涂料,对其抗渗及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：当 GMA用量为 7%时（以单体 AA、BA和 St的总质量计）,PGSA乳液的粒径为 210 nm、粒径分布（PDI）为 0. 17~0. 21,且放置 6个月后乳液的粒径及分布基本保持不变。此外,随着 GMA用量的增加, PGSA乳液涂膜的吸水率呈下降趋势。 PGSA基防水涂料的抗渗性、抗拉强度及断裂伸长率都符合 GB/T 23445—2009《聚合物水泥防水涂料》标准的要求,应用前景广阔。