循环轴压荷载下受FRP约束的圆钢管混凝土柱

在很多结构中,钢管混凝土(CFTs)被作为柱使用。在钢管混凝土中,核心混凝土可阻止钢管内部发生屈曲变形,但是钢管约束水平、强度和延性的降低仍受外部局部屈曲的影响。为了克服钢管混凝土的这种缺陷,可以通过外包碳纤维增强材料来抑制外部局部屈曲变形。研究循环轴压荷载下受FRP约束的钢管混凝土柱的性能和建模过程。介绍并讨论两组圆钢管混凝土循环轴压荷载试验的试验结果。提出一个圆钢管混凝土中约束混凝土的循环应力-应变模型,且与试验结果较为一致。所提出的应力-应变模型可以在以后的研究中用来建立地震荷载作用下圆钢管混凝土模型。     

注浆微型钢管桩桩体力学性能的试验和数值分析

基于塑性损伤模型分析微型钢管桩桩体性能的有限元数值方法,综合对比研究钢管直径d、壁厚t、桩体直径D、长度H以及注浆体水灰比等因素对注浆微型钢管桩桩体力学性能的影响,并借助模型试验验证了数值结果的可靠性,研究结果表明:随着钢管与桩体直径比d/D的增大,微型钢管桩桩体极限承载力相应增加,且d/D为0.28和0.72是微型钢管桩极限承载力发生显著变化的临界值,微型钢管桩桩体以钢管发生屈曲破坏、钢管与外包浆体共同破坏和钢管外包注浆体破坏为主,不同破坏模型下微型钢管桩桩体极限承载力表达式不同;理论计算结果与试验和数值模拟结果吻合较好;钢管直径相同而壁厚增加时,桩体极限荷载值呈线性增大,桩体轴向荷载与轴向应变曲线由壁厚较小时的软化特征逐渐向理想塑性和硬化特征发展;桩径和d/D相同时,注浆体抗压强度降低约45%时,桩体极限承载力仅减少约7.1%,表明提升注浆体水灰比对微型钢管桩桩体承载能力的影响不明显。     

热处理方钢管短柱超低周疲劳性能试验研究

强震下钢结构构件会发生局部或整体屈曲，造成构件局部塑性应变集中，导致构件在反复荷载作用下最终发生断裂，因此有必要开展大塑性应变循环加载下局部屈曲和后续延性断裂的耦合破坏机理研究。通过热处理冷弯方钢管短柱的超低周疲劳试验，对上述破坏机理进行了研究。试验考察了宽厚比和加载历史对于方钢管短柱屈曲后断裂模式及抗震性能的影响，并给出了累积延性评估方法。试验结果显示：所有试件受压时承载力的下降皆由局部屈曲导致，而受拉侧承载力的退化则由延性断裂造成；构件的累积塑性耗能可分解为各向同性强化耗能和随动强化耗能，且两者受拉时对应值呈线性关系。     

地震作用下同心钢管支撑的有限元建模

如果使用不可靠的支撑系统,钢结构建筑在地震时易受到损害。地震活跃区域的钢结构建筑应使用同心支撑系统。同心支撑部件的失效多发生在中等长度的塑性铰处。建立一个精细的有限元模型来模拟包括断裂在内的循环荷载下支撑部件的滞回性能。模型所提供的滞回性能与之前的试验和最近两个试验所得到的滞回性能相近。试件所受的荷载模式不同。初始缺陷影响前屈曲和第一次屈曲循环,但对接下来的循环没有影响。方钢管的初始屈服应力越大,局部屈曲发生得越早。发生断裂的中等长度塑性铰的受压角-腹板的外表面累积塑性应变大于内表面。产生的明显局部转动可作为发生断裂构件的塑性应变。     

往复荷载下带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土短柱应变特性

通过带约束拉杆方形截面钢管混凝土短柱在往复荷载下的试验,实测构件在往复荷载作用下塑性铰区约束拉杆和钢管壁表面的应变情况,分析了约束拉杆和钢管壁表面应变的发展规律。结果表明,塑性铰区约束拉杆和钢管壁的应变值随着位移角和循环次数的增加不断增大,加载方向约束拉杆的应变发展快于非加载方向,轴压比增加或约束拉杆间距增大,都使约束拉杆和钢管壁表面的应变值明显增加,表明约束拉杆的作用效应增强。钢管壁表面的纵向应变满足平截面假定。试件角部由于受到相邻钢板的约束作用钢管壁表面的应变发展较慢,约束拉杆限制了钢管壁的局部屈曲,并使约束拉杆设置处钢管壁表面的应变发展缓慢。带约束拉杆方形钢管混凝土短柱塑性铰的长度为其截面宽度的0. 43～1. 20倍。     

循环荷载下饱和软黏土的累积变形显式模型

显式模型是计算交通等长期动荷载引起地基沉降的实用方法。在考虑影响饱和软黏土循环荷载下轴向循环塑性累积应变的应力历史、动偏应力水平及第一次轴向循环塑性累积应变与围压归一化基础上提出了计算饱和软黏土轴向循环塑性累积应变显式模型。模型同时反映了等向、偏压固结不排水循环加载轴向循环塑性累积应变发展规律,并很好地反映了围压的影响,其主要参数有明确的物理意义且易于确定。通过上海地区第④层饱和软黏土一系列静力三轴、循环加载试验验证了模型的合理性,得到了模型相关参数。     

Q690GJ高强度钢材单调和循环加载试验研究

钢材在循环荷载下将出现包辛格效应、循环硬化及循环软化现象,这使得钢材在循环和单调荷载下的本构关系有所区别。通过对国产Q690GJ高强度结构钢材进行单调和循环加载试验研究,并从单调和循环加载性能、循环加载现象等方面分析其力学性能差异。结果表明,Q690GJ钢材在循环荷载下的滞回性能良好,由于循环硬化作用使得钢材强度提高的幅度很小,循环软化较早出现,同时试件在循环荷载下由于塑性损伤累积,与单调加载相比延性变差。基于Ramberg-Osgood模型,可以较好地拟合Q690GJ高强度钢材在循环荷载下的应力-应变骨架曲线。     

纤维单元单轴材料本构对圆钢管轴向滞回性能模拟的影响研究

基于纤维单元和单轴材料本构的多段梁法在钢管结构的滞回性能模拟中得到了广泛应用。利用OpenSees程序和多段梁法,以现有的3个圆钢管轴向加载滞回性能试验为基准,对以下4种常用的单轴材料本构对圆钢管轴向滞回性能模拟的影响进行了研究:不考虑弹塑性过渡段的随动硬化模型、考虑弹塑性过渡段的随动硬化模型、不考虑弹塑性过渡段的混合硬化模型和考虑弹塑性过渡段的混合硬化模型。分别对3个圆钢管的轴向荷载-轴向位移滞回性能进行了试验和数值模拟的对比分析,研究表明,包含弹塑性过渡段的混合硬化单轴材料本构模型能够有效模拟圆钢管的轴向滞回性能,而不考虑弹塑性过渡段的随动硬化单轴材料本构模型不能有效模拟圆钢管的轴向滞回性能;单轴材料本构中弹塑性过渡参数对圆钢管的轴向滞回性能有较大影响,应在模型中考虑;各向同性硬化系数对圆钢管的轴向滞回性能影响不大;不同杆件的单轴材料本构模型参数可能有较大差异,应根据试验数据确定参数取值。     

冷轧AISI 316L不锈钢钢管构件循环率性能模拟

采用有限元分析方法评估冷轧AISI 316L型不锈钢钢管循环率性能。基于单调和循环荷载作用下拟静力或动力应变率试验,建立冷轧AISI 316L不锈钢的循环率塑性模型。将有限元分析结果与试验结果进行比较,验证有限元模拟的准确性。建立加载速率函数模拟冷轧AISI 316L型不锈钢钢管构件的循环性能。     

大应变纤维增强复材-混凝土-高强钢组合实心圆柱轴压试验研究

纤维增强复合材料(FRP)被越来越广泛应用于土木工程的新建结构中,FRP与传统建筑结构材料(混凝土或钢材等)组合形成的组合柱是最常见的形式之一。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET) FRP是一种基于回收旧塑料的环保型大应变FRP。通过试验研究了PETFRP-混凝土-高强钢组合实心圆柱在单调与往复轴压荷载作用下的力学性能,试验参数为PETFRP层数和加载方式。试验研究结果表明:PETFRP-混凝土-高强钢组合实心圆柱具有显著的承载力和变形能力,PETFRP管、混凝土与内钢管存在良好的相互作用,试件中内钢管的屈曲破坏被有效限制,使其屈服后强度被充分利用。单调轴压下组合柱荷载-应变曲线为具有单调上升趋势的双线性曲线,循环轴压下荷载应变曲线能够较好地与单调轴压下试件的包络线重合。指定卸载应变处多次循环加载时,塑性应变表现出累积效应,循环增加导致在指定卸载应变处恢复应力下降和极限轴向应变降低。     

Strain ratcheting of steel tubulars with a rectangular defect under axial cycling: A numerical modeling

Cyclic axial loads in tubular steel sections might lead to local buckling, wrinkling and accumulation of plastic strains in the tube. For example, this can be caused by repetitive start-up/shutdown and temperature changes in an offshore pipeline which generates cycles of axial compression/relaxing in the line. During their life time steel tubes may also experience material loss due to corrosion or wall thinning.The current paper reports the result of a numerical modeling of ratcheting behavior of steel tubes with a rectangular defect under cyclic axial loadings. The tubes have been initially subjected to monotonic axial compression beyond initiation of small amplitude wrinkles and subsequently to persistent axial cyclic loads. A nonlinear isotropic/kinematic (combined) hardening model has been adopted for the material, which its parameters have been obtained from cyclic tests conducted on small coupon specimens. The results of the numerical simulation have been compared with experimental data. In general, a reasonable agreement has been noticed between the experimental and the numerical results for the ratcheting behavior of the tubes. It is shown that surface imperfections have a very pronounced effect on the ratcheting response of the defected tubes, as compared to the monotonic responses. The model has also been used to study effects of some key factors such as the initial strain level, the stress amplitude, the mean stress, the loading regime, wall thinning and the material hardening properties on the ratcheting response and on the progressive plastic buckling of steel tubes with a rectangular defect.     

Seismic behavior and strength of square tube confined reinforced-concrete (STRC) columns

A steel tube confined reinforced-concrete (STRC) column is an ordinary RC column where most of the lateral ties are in the form of a thin steel tube. Twenty-three square tube confined concrete stub columns were tested in this paper under cyclic or monotonic axial compression. A design equation to calculate the axial load strength of square tube confined concrete stub columns is proposed in this paper. A total of five beam-columns have been studied under combined axial compression and lateral cyclic loads. The test results indicate that the columns confined with square steel tubes exhibit much higher flexural strength, displacement ductility, and energy dissipation ability than common RC columns confined with lateral ties. Fiber models were also developed for STRC beam-columns in this paper.     

Monotonic and cyclic behavior of concrete-filled steel-tube beam-columns considering local buckling effect

A mathematical model is developed to evaluate the monotonic and cyclic behavior of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beam-columns with rectangular cross section. The model includes the reduction in the steel compressive strength due the local buckling effect. The degradations in unloading and reloading stiffness of steel tube due to local buckling are also included. The model is based on fiber element method in which uniaxial stress–strain material laws are used for cross section components. The results obtained from the mathematical model were compared with experimental results for columns under monotonic as well as cyclic loads. It is observed that the proposed model predicts well the columns and beams nonlinear behavior compared with the experimental results.     

方管钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能和强度研究

钢管钢筋混凝土(STRC)柱是一种由薄壁钢管构成横向约束作用的普通钢筋混凝土柱。对23个方管混凝土短柱进行了循环或者单向轴压试验,并提出计算该类柱轴向承载强度的公式。此外,还对5个梁柱组合结构进行了轴向压力和水平循环荷载作用下的试验分析。试验结果表明,与普通钢筋混凝土柱相比,方形钢管柱具有更高的挠屈强度、位移延性和耗能能力。并同时提出了用于分析STRC梁-柱的纤维模型。     

矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土轴压构件的试验研究

对6根矩形中空夹层钢管混凝土和1根矩形实心钢管混凝土短柱试件进行轴压试验,研究了内外钢管的长宽比对短柱的力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:比较内管相同的试件,外管截面尺寸较大者其轴压承载力略高;比较外管相同的试件,由于混凝土的减少和内管的局部屈曲,轴压承载力随内管的增大略有下降,本次试验中的实心钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力略高于中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱。同时用ABAQUS有限元软件对试件轴压全过程进行了模拟,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

Degradation and collapse of square tubes under cyclic bending

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the elastic–plastic degradation and collapse of steel tubes with square cross-section under cyclic pure bending in a curvature symmetric fashion. The results indicate that the structural performance of the tubes degrades due to the growth of periodic, transverse deflections in their flanges. The wavelength of these deflections is equal to the wavelength of the buckling mode of the tubes under monotonic pure bending. Persistent cycling induces localization of the amplitude of these deflections and leads to the formation of a kink in one of the flanges. This causes collapse of the tube.     

循环荷载作用下SN490B钢材本构关系试验研究

为对比结构消(耗)能元件芯材SN490B在单调和循环荷载作用下的本构关系,研究其在循环荷载作用下的力学特性,对20个SN490B钢材试件分别进行单调加载和16种加载制度下的循环加载试验,并对3种试件断口进行断口电镜扫描试验,分析SN490B钢材的单调性能、滞回性能和破坏形态,并采用Ramberg-Osgood模型拟合钢材的循环骨架曲线。试验结果表明：SN490B材料自身延性好,循环加载导致的材料累积损伤使其延性变差;循环荷载作用下,材料出现包辛格效应、循环硬化等现象,各滞回曲线均稳定饱满,具有较好的滞回性能;试件试验段伴随明显塑性变形而形成断口,断口微观为有微孔的波纹断裂表面,属延性破坏;应用Ramberg-Osgood模型拟合效果较好。SN490B钢材在循环荷载作用下的本构关系不同于单调荷载作用,采用单调荷载作用下材料的本构关系计算循环荷载作用下材料的反应不够准确。     

Structural behavior of concrete filled steel tubular sections (CFT/CFSt) under axial compression

In this study, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and steel tensile coupon tests are performed to determine material properties. Sixteen hollow cold formed steel tubes and 48 concrete filled steel tube specimens are used for axial compression tests. The effects of width/thickness ratio (b/t), the compressive strength of concrete and geometrical shape of cross section parameters on ultimate loads, axial stress, ductility and buckling behavior are investigated. Circular, hexagonal, rectangular and square sections, 18.75, 30.00, 50.00, 100.00 b/t ratio values and 13, 26, 35 MPa concrete compressive strength values are chosen for the experimental procedure. Analytical models of specimens are developed using a finite element program (ABAQUS) and the results are compared. Circular specimens are the most effective samples according to both axial stress and ductility values. The concrete in tubes has experienced considerable amount of deformations which is not expected from such a brittle material in certain cases. The results provide an innovative perspective on using cold formed steel and concrete together as a composite material.     

Experimental study on slender buckling-restrained knee braces with round steel bar cores

This study aimed to investigate a novel slender buckling-restrained knee brace damper (BRKB) for welded and weld-free steel framing systems. The proposed BRKB adopts steel bar cores connected by a central coupler and restrained by tube buckling restrainers with a cover tube supporter. The advantages of the proposed damper include easy assembly compared to conventional buckling restrained braces, and high architectural flexibility for the retrofitting of large-span weld-free or welded steel moment-resisting systems. Specifically, by increasing the number of contraction allowances, undesirable failure mechanisms that are global instability and local buckling of the restrainer ends can be effectively suppressed because the more uniform plastic deformation of the core bar can be achieved longitudinally. In this study, displacement-controlled compression and cyclic loading tests were carried out to investigate the deformation capacities of the proposed BRKBs. Structural performance metrics associated with both loading tests, such as strength capacities, strains at the cover tubes and buckling restrainers, and hysteretic behaviors of the proposed damper under cyclic loads, were measured and discussed. Test results revealed that the geometrical characteristics of the cover tubes and adopted contraction allowances at the dampers play essential roles in their load-bearing capacities.     

Local buckling of steel plates in rectangular CFT columns with binding bars

This paper presents a theoretical study on the elastic local buckling of steel plates in rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) columns with binding bars under axial compression. It is assumed that the unloaded edges of the steel plate are elastically restrained against rotation, whereas the loaded edges are clamped. Based on the energy method, the formulas for elastic local buckling strength of the steel plate in rectangular CFT columns under axial compression are derived, which are calibrated with the experimental results. Then the formulas are employed to study the elastic local buckling of steel plates in rectangular CFT columns with binding bars under axial compression. It is shown that the binding bars can increase the local buckling coefficient, which results in improvement of the capacity of the steel plate to resist local buckling. Finally, appropriate spacing of binding bars, appropriate limitation for aspect ratio and corresponding appropriate limitation for width-thickness ratio are suggested for rectangular CFT columns with binding bars under axial compression.