电流对电沉积制备Fe-Ni功能材料的影响研究

在NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO熔盐体系中,采用纯镍板为阳极,碳钢板为阴极,电沉积制备Fe-Ni功能材料,并结合SEM和EDS研究了电流密度和电流波形等因素对沉积层表面形貌的影响规律。结果表明,采用双向脉冲电流,电流密度30mA/cm2,在750℃电沉积50 min,可以得到致密、光滑的Fe-Ni梯度层。     

从蚀刻废液中隔膜电沉积金属Cu板新工艺研究

以铜始极片为阴极、石墨板为阳极,在有以阳离子交换膜为隔膜的电解槽中,从酸性CuCl2蚀刻废液电沉积金属铜板。研究了阴极液中起始Cu2+浓度、起始Cl-浓度、阴极电流密度、电解温度和极距等因素对电沉积的影响。最佳条件为:起始Cl-浓度5.5 mol/L,起始H+浓度3.0 mol/L,添加剂0.2g/L,阴极电流密度350 A/m2,电解温度36℃,极距5 cm,Cu2+浓度从40 g/L降低至20 g/L。在最佳工艺条件下,阴极电流效率达到92.77%,平均槽电压小于3 V;阴极上可以得到平整致密的金属铜板。阴极电解废液中的Cu2+浓度降低到20 g/L左右,可返回蚀刻过程配制蚀刻新液。     

纳米钨粉制备浸渍阴极基体的研究

采用常规钨粉、纳米钨粉和掺杂氧化钪纳米钨粉制备了浸渍阴极。利用扫描电镜、压汞仪等测试手段分析了阴极基体的微观结构,用水冷阳极二极管检测了阴极的发射性能。研究表明,采用纳米钨粉制备的阴极基体具有比常规阴极基体更细微的显微结构,阴极的直流发射电流密度为4.6 A/cm2,而常规阴极为4.13 A/cm2。掺杂氧化钪后,阴极的发射性能明显提高,其直流发射电流密度为5.31 A/cm2。     

泡沫铅制备工艺研究

研究了电沉积法制备泡沫铅的工艺,以聚氨酯泡沫为基体,经脱脂-粗化-除膜-导电化处理后,先预镀铜然后再电沉积铅。在预镀铜过程中,考察了阴极电流密度、异极极距、镀液温度和电镀时间对电流效率和槽电压的影响,得到了最佳的镀铜工艺参数为：阴极电流密度3.0 A/dm2、异极极距3.5 cm、镀液温度为25℃、电镀时间35 min。在电沉积铅过程中,考察了铅离子浓度、氟硼酸浓度、添加剂、阴极电流密度及温度和时间等因素对电流效率、槽电压和泡沫铅产品质量的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为：阴极表观电流密度3.0 A/dm2、镀液温度为25℃、电镀时间30～50 min。在优化条件下制备的泡沫铅镀层结晶细密、均匀,且韧性和光亮性都较好,孔隙率高,具有三维网状结构。     

NaCl-Na_2WO_4-WO_3系熔盐电解法制备超细钨粉的研究

在NaCl Na2 WO4 WO3熔盐体系中 ,对熔盐电解法电解氧化钨制取高纯超细钨粉进行了实验研究。在该电解质体系中 ,在电解温度为 780℃、阴极电流密度为 32 0mA/cm2 的条件下 ,可以制得平均粒度为 0 96 1μm的超细钨粉。在低电流密度时 ,阴极的电解反应为W6 在阴极放电 ,三氧化钨直接还原得到钨粉 ;而在高电流密度时 ,阴极电解反应分为两步 ,首先是Na 在阴极放电 ,生成金属钠 ,然后是金属钠还原三氧化钨得到钨粉。另外 ,还对电解槽温度、阴极电流密度和电解质中WO3的浓度对电流效率的影响进行了测定与研究     

电化学法制备K_2Ti_6O_(13)/TiO_2复合涂层的结构与腐蚀行为

采用电化学两步反应在纯钛基体表面制备K2Ti6O13/TiO2复合涂层,对其形貌、相组成和电化学耐腐蚀性能进行研究,并与传统化学方法制备的涂层进行比较。结果表明,电化学法制备的涂层为多孔网状结构,由内层阻碍层和外层多孔层的双层膜组成,可抑制Ti基体过钝化时的O2析出;KOH电解液作用时,随电流密度增加,涂层阻抗值减小,多孔层厚度逐渐增加;电流密度大于20 mA/cm2时,涂层发生脱落,但其耐腐蚀性能仍高于化学方法制备的涂层。因此通过电化学方法制备的涂层可改善Ti基体的腐蚀行为,使其具有更优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

Mg-Al-Pb-Ga-Y海水电池用镁阳极的 成分优化和电化学性能

采用熔炼法制备了一系列Mg-Al-Pb-Ga-0.9Y海水电池用镁合金阳极材料.利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和电化学测试等方法研究了Pb、Ga元素对合金组织和电化学性能的影响.结果表明, 合金的放电电压随Pb含量增加而提高. Pb含量（指质量分数，下同）为5%且Ga的添加量为1%时, 对放电电压的提升效果达到最优，合金在20 mA/cm2和100 mA/cm2电流密度下放电均有较大的放电电压.成分为Mg-3Al-5Pb-1Ga-0.9Y的镁阳极具有更优异的综合性能, 其放电电位最负, 在电流密度为20 mA/cm2和100 mA/cm2下的工作电位分别为-1.723 V和-1.680 V；合金的自腐蚀速率较低, 腐蚀电流密度为5.1164×10-5 A/cm2.      

用电积法从氰化提金尾液中回收铜的工艺实验研究

研究了用电积法从含铜氰化尾液中回收铜的工艺参数。先对配制的铜质量浓度为12.07g/L的氰化物溶液进行电沉积回收铜实验,分别采用钛板及石墨板作为阴极和阳极材料,研究了溶液中铜浓度、电积液温度、电积时间、电流密度及溶液流速等因素对铜回收率及电流效率的影响,确定了合适的工艺参数。根据确定的工艺参数,对来自某金矿铜质量浓度为12.40g/L的氰化溶液,在50℃下电积8h,电流密度取75 mA/cm2,溶液循环速度取30mL/m in,阴极产物得到了铜质量分数为99.87%的铜-锌合金,总的电能消耗为2 938kW.h/t。     

阴离子交换膜无硒电解金属锰工艺及工业可行性探索

提出采用阴离子交换膜代替现有的布袋式隔膜,同时采用钌铱钽三元氧化物涂层电极作为阳极,结合现有的304不锈钢板作为阴极构成新型的阴离子交换膜电解槽用于电解锰的生产。采用阴离子交换膜,可将锰离子限制在阴极区,避免锰在阳极的沉积;研究发现,采用该电解槽沉积锰时,合适的锰离子浓度为20~25 g/L,该浓度下,合适的抗氧化剂(NH4)2SO3的添加量为0.2 g/L,最佳的电流密度为45~50 m A/cm2,电流效率达到68%,电解槽槽压比传统槽压低约0.5 V,无硒电解沉积吨锰能耗降至5 700 k W·h;所沉积锰板平整,晶粒细致均匀,有金属光泽。     

Li4Ti5O12的合成及其在锂离子电池中的应用

采用固相法合成了Li4Ti5O12材料.用XRD表征了材料的结构特征.用循环伏安、电化学阻抗和恒电流充放电考察了LiCoO2-Li4TiO12体系的电化学性能.结果表明,当电流密度为0.1mA/cm2 时.该体系下的首次放电比容量为122.2mAh·g-1,经过100次循环之后,比容量保持在112.9mAh·g-1.当电流密度为0.2mA/cm2时,50次循环后容量衰减仅为5.3%.实验证明,该体系下的电化学性能比较稳定.是一种比较有潜力的锂离子电池体系.     

Corrosion behavior of rare earth cerium based conversion coating on aluminum alloy

The present paper focused on the use of the salt of rare earth cerium as corrosion inhibitor of aluminum by using cathodic electrolytic passivation method.The corrosion resistance and the microphology of the cerium passivation film were studied by the methods of electrochemical method,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis.From the results,it was shown that good corrosion resistance of cerium-based passive coating was obtained when the compositions were as follows:CeCl3·7H2O,0.05 mol/L;H2O2,30 ml/L;current density,1.1 mA/cm2;temperature,40 oC;time,9 min.SEM and EDS revealed that the cerium conversion coatings formed on the surface of aluminum alloy were related to cerium hydroxide/hydrated oxide depositions.     

Corrosion Resistance of Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet With Ni-P/TiO2 Composite Film

The Ni-P/TiO2 composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX).The corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO2 film coated on NdFeB magnet, in 0. 5 mol/L NaCl solution, was studied by potentiodynamic polarization, salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The selfcorrosion current density (icorr) and the polarization resistance (Rp) of Ni-P/TiO2 film are 0. 22 μA/cm2 (about 14% of that of Ni-P coating), and 120 kΩ·cm2 (about 2 times of that of Ni-P coating), respectively. The anti-salt spray time of Ni-P/TiO2 film is about 2.5 times of that of the Ni-P coating. The results indicate that Ni-P/TiO2 film has a better corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating, and the composite film increases the corrosion resistance of NdFeB magnet markedly.     

Corrosion behavior of rare earth cerium based conversion coating on aluminum alloy

The present paper focused on the use of the salt of rare earth cerium as corrosion inhibitor of aluminum by using cathodic electrolytic passivation method. The corrosion resistance and the microphology of the cerium passivation film were studied by the methods of electrochemical method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis. From the results, it was shown that good corrosion resistance of cerium-based passive coating was obtained when the compositions were as follows: CeCl₃·7H₂O, 0.05 mol/L; H₂O₂, 30 ml/L; current density, 1.1 mA/cm²; temperature, 40 °C; time, 9 min. SEM and EDS revealed that the cerium conversion coatings formed on the surface of aluminum alloy were related to cerium hydroxide/hydrated oxide depositions.     

Thin film rechargeable lithium batteries for implantable devices

Thin films of LiCoO2 have been synthesized in which the strongest x-ray reflection is either weak or missing, indicating a high degree of preferred orientation. Thin film solid state batteries with these textured cathode films can deliver practical capacities at high current densities. For example, for one of the cells, 70% of the maximum capacity between 4.2 and 3 V (approximately 0.2 mAh/cm2) was delivered at a current of 2 mA/cm2. When cycled at rates of 0.1 mA/cm2, the capacity loss was < or = 0.001%/cycle. The reliability and performance of Li-LiCoO2 thin film batteries make them attractive for application in implantable devices such as neural stimulators, pacemakers, and defibrillators.     

单宁酸复配缓蚀剂的成膜特性及缓蚀性

单宁酸由于环保、价格低的特点在金属保护方面应用广泛,然而单一利用单宁酸作为缓蚀剂取得的效果有限,有研究表明盐类与缓蚀剂复配可以改善缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果。在此基础上进行单宁酸复配缓蚀剂的研究,采用两种复配剂氯化铁、钼酸钠分别与单宁酸（TA）缓蚀剂进行复配,研究其对碳钢Q235的缓蚀效果。通过硫酸铜点滴实验、浸泡实验、电化学实验对比氯化铁、钼酸钠分别与单宁酸复配后在碳钢表面的成膜特性及缓蚀效果。硫酸铜点滴液变色时间随着单宁酸中氯化铁和钼酸钠两种化合物浓度的升高出现先增加后降低的趋势;浸泡实验可以看出在单宁酸中加入氯化铁和钼酸钠后,碳钢表面仅出现个别点蚀坑;根据电化学测试结果,对比加入氯化铁前后单宁酸缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀效果,发现两者的电荷转移电阻由2698变为3711 Ω·cm2,腐蚀电流密度由2.734降为1.902 μA·cm?2。加入钼酸钠后,电荷转移电阻和腐蚀电流密度存在明显的增加与下降,电荷转移电阻由2698变为5100 Ω·cm2,腐蚀电流密度由2.734降为0.714 μA·cm?2。在单宁酸中添加氯化铁和钼酸钠都能改善单宁酸的缓蚀效果,其中单宁酸与钼酸钠复配的缓蚀效果更好。      

交流干扰下X100管线钢及其热影响区在库尔勒土壤模拟液中的腐蚀行为

通过Gleeble热模拟实验机模拟了X100管线钢的粗晶热影响区（CGHAZ）及再热临界粗晶热影响区（ICCGHAZ）微观组织。采用电化学测试、浸泡实验及表面分析技术研究了交流干扰下X100管线钢母材、CGHAZ及ICCGHAZ在库尔勒土壤溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:交流干扰下X100管线钢母材、CGHAZ及ICCGHAZ都表现为活性溶解，平均腐蚀速率随交流电流密度的增大而增加。交流干扰造成的极化电位振荡幅值及微观组织对X100管线钢母材、CGHAZ及ICCGHAZ的平均腐蚀速率和腐蚀形貌有着重要影响。在5 mA·cm?2交流电流密度干扰下，母材的腐蚀电位最负、平均腐蚀速率最大，ICCGHAZ的腐蚀电位最正、平均腐蚀速率最小，CGHAZ的腐蚀电位及平均腐蚀速率都居中；在20 mA·cm?2及50 mA·cm?2交流电流密度干扰下，ICCGHAZ腐蚀电位最负、平均腐蚀速率最大，母材的腐蚀电位最正、平均腐蚀速率最小，CGHAZ的腐蚀电位及平均腐蚀速率都仍居中。在20 mA·cm?2交流电流密度交流干扰下，X100管线钢发生局部腐蚀，CGHAZ、ICCGHAZ发生明显的晶界腐蚀，GCHAZ晶界腐蚀形貌呈缝隙状、ICCGHAZ晶界腐蚀形貌为连续孔洞。      

PECVD法原位渗氮表面改性钛双极板的性能

为了提升钛双极板的导电性和耐腐蚀性,利用氮气等离子体原位渗氮法对钛片(TA2)进行表面改性,制备了系列氮化钛涂层,系统研究了反应温度和渗氮时间对涂层表面形貌、疏水性、界面导电性和耐腐蚀性的影响.结果表明,温度过高会导致氮化钛生长过快,颗粒尺寸较大;温度较低不利于表面反应,涂层不能完全覆盖钛基底;渗氮时间较短,表面生成不规则的纳米生长核,致使涂层不平整、钛基底裸露;渗氮时间过长,涂层呈阶梯堆垛状,平整度降低.650°C下渗氮90 min制备的氮化钛涂层(TiN-650-90)均匀平整,组成为TiN0.26;TiN-650-90的水接触角提升至105.4°,表面疏水性有利于改善燃料电池的水管理性能;界面接触电阻(ICR)随加载压力增大而降低,2.75 MPa时TiN-650-90的ICR稳定至6.5 mΩ·cm²,满足美国能源部(DOE)要求(≤10 mΩ·cm²);TiN-650-90的腐蚀电流密度为0.56μA·cm^–2,–0.1 V恒电位下的电流密度为0.67μA·cm^–2,耐腐性和稳定性较钛的明...     

织构对纳米晶纯镍镀层耐蚀性能的影响

采用脉冲电镀法在黄铜表面制备出具有(111)、(200)和(220)晶面择优生长织构的纳米晶纯镍镀层.采用扫描电镜对镀层的显微形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射对不同晶面织构的择优性进行表征,并对镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱进行了测试,研究不同织构镀层的耐蚀性能.不同织构镀层的耐蚀性能存在显著差异:具有(220)强织构的镀层耐蚀性最差,其自腐蚀电流密度最大,为1.23μA·cm-2,镀层的电荷转移电阻为2.09kΩ·cm2;具有(200)强织构的镀层耐蚀性能最佳,镀层的电荷转移电阻为27.32kΩ·cm2,自腐蚀电流密度为0.15μA·cm-2;具有(111)织构镀层的耐蚀性居中.认为织构引起的表面胞状物的差别是造成纯镍镀层耐蚀性能不同的原因.      

Corrosion Resistance of Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet With Ni-P/Tio22 Composite Film

The Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO₂ film coated on NdFeB magnet, in 0.5 mol/L NaCl solution, was studied by potentiodynamic polarization, salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The self-corrosion current density (i_corr) and the polarization resistance (R_p) of Ni-P/TiO₂ film are 0. 22 μA/cm² (about 14% of that of Ni-P coating), and 120 kΩ • cm² (about 2 times of that of Ni-P coating), respectively. The anti-salt spray time of Ni-P/TiO₂ film is about 2.5 times of that of the Ni-P coating. The results indicate that Ni-P/Ti0₂ film has a better corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating, and the composite film increases the corrosion resistance of NdFeB magnet markedly.