可食性干酪包装膜的制备及性能研究

目的研究酪蛋白酸钠、壳聚糖、甘油添加量对可食膜性能的影响。方法以酪蛋白酸钠和壳聚糖为原料,甘油作为增塑剂,制备可食性干酪包装膜,以膜的水溶性及力学性能为指标,通过单因素及正交试验,确定各成膜成分的最佳配比。结果当用质量分数为5%的酪蛋白酸钠水溶液、质量分数为2%的壳聚糖冰乙酸溶液和质量分数为2%的甘油混合液进行成膜,所得可食膜的综合性能较优,其水溶性为35.8%,断裂伸长率为75.4%,拉伸强度为10.58 MPa,弹性模量为13.47 MPa。结论随着酪蛋白酸钠含量的增加,膜的水溶性变化不大,膜的断裂伸长率先增大后减小,拉伸强度和弹性模量均随之增大;随着壳聚糖含量的增加,膜的水溶性逐渐下降,膜的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度、弹性模量均随之增大;随着甘油含量的增加,膜的水溶性逐渐减小,膜的断裂伸长率逐渐增大,拉伸强度和弹性模量逐渐减小。     

明胶-甘油-酪蛋白酸钠原位组装复合膜及分析EI北大核心CSCD

首先将牛奶中提取的酪蛋白在温度为95℃、0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液中水解3h,然后同甘油和明胶进行组装制膜。研究了甘油和明胶添加量对所制复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率以及阻水和阻氧性能的影响,并根据成膜组分的分子结构和作用特性,分析了成膜机理。结果表明,甘油和明胶的加入能显著提高复合膜的力学性能,改善膜的阻水和阻氧能力。当甘油、明胶和酪蛋白质量比为0.16∶0.80∶1.0时,膜的拉伸强度、水蒸气透过率和过氧化值分别为58.11MPa、4.44×10-6g/(m·h·Pa)和-7.52 meq/kg。明胶中氨基和羧基的存在同甘油的羟基和酪蛋白中的氨基和羧基之间的次级键作用是协同成膜的主要原因。     

普鲁兰多糖的添加对可食性复合蛋白膜的改性研究

添加不同比例的普鲁兰多糖(PUL)对乳清分离蛋白-酪蛋白酸钠-甘油(WPI-NaCas-GLY)复合蛋白薄膜进行改性,研究了PUL的添加对蛋白基薄膜力学性能、光学性能、氧气渗透率、水蒸气渗透系数和水溶性的影响。实验结果显示,相较于WPI-NaCas-GLY复合蛋白膜,添加了PUL的蛋白基薄膜的拉伸强度下降,而断裂伸长率增加至208.26%,透光率提升了约11%,雾度降低了约6%,氧气渗透率下降至原来的1/6左右,水溶性有轻微变化。当PUL添加的体积分数达到66%时,复合薄膜的水蒸气渗透系数降低至2.57×10~(-13)g·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa),氧气渗透率下降至0.16 cm~3/(m~2·d)。由此推论,PUL具有改善蛋白基薄膜力学性能、光学性能以及阻隔性的功能。     

大豆分离蛋白与明胶蛋白复合膜的制备与性能研究

以大豆分离蛋白为基质,添加明胶蛋白,用溶液铸膜法制备复合膜.研究了成膜液的溶液性能;复合膜的各种性能,包括表观性能、力学性能、阻隔性能.通过扫描电子显微镜观察了膜的微观结构.结果表明,当明胶含量为30%(质量分数)左右,两种蛋白的相容性最佳,复合膜的各项性能达到较佳值,拉伸强度达到31.59MPa,断裂伸长率达到65.96%,并且对氧气和水都有良好的阻隔性.     

不同淀粉原料对淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜性能的影响

目的 研究不同淀粉原料对复合膜性能的影响,为淀粉基膜的原料选择提供参考.方法 选取土豆淀粉、红薯淀粉、绿豆淀粉、豌豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、小麦淀粉等6种常见的市售淀粉为原料,将30 g/L的淀粉溶液和20 g/L的壳聚糖溶液以1:1的体积比混合,再添加一定量甘油为增塑剂,浇铸成膜,测定膜的力学性能和渗透性能.通过X-射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和接触角等仪器对复合膜的性能和结构进行表征分析.结果 不同淀粉基复合膜间的性能存在较大差异.当土豆淀粉直链质量分数为14％时,复合膜的断裂伸长率和透气性相对最好,断裂伸长率可达55.65％,氧气透过系数为75.52 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa);当小麦淀粉支链质量分数为27％时,复合膜的抗拉强度和阻隔性能相对最好,抗拉强度可达14.04 MPa,氧气透过系数为3.31 cm3/(m2·24 h·0.1 MPa),水蒸气透过系数为24.51 g/(m2·24 h).复合膜均为亲水性材料,且各成膜物质之间具有良好的相容性.结论 当淀粉直链质量分数较高时,复合膜的抗拉强度和阻隔性能较好;当淀粉支链质量分数较高时,复合膜的断裂伸长率较好,阻隔性能较差.淀粉原料不同,复合膜材料的特性也不同,可满足产品对包装材料性能的不同需求.     

芒果核淀粉基膜的性能分析

目的 制备以芒果核淀粉为基质的淀粉膜,分析淀粉膜性能,为生物可降解包装材料的应用提供一定的理论指导和数据参考。方法 制备不同甘油、羧甲基纤维素和没食子酸浓度的淀粉膜,利用现代分析仪器分析膜的力学性能、水蒸气透过系数、抗氧化活性及热稳定性,并探究膜的最佳性能参数。结果 当甘油质量分数为30%、羧甲基纤维素质量分数为45%、没食子酸质量分数为4%时,膜的抗拉伸强度为25.28MPa,断裂伸长率为11.66%,水蒸气透过系数为0.14g·mm/(m2·h·kPa),抗氧化活性为75.93%。结论 芒果核淀粉能与添加的助剂形成有效交联,一定程度上增强了淀粉膜的力学性能和抗氧化活性,降低了水蒸气透过系数,并提高了膜的热稳定性。     

干法相分离制备含银抗菌微孔硅橡胶膜

以凡士林作为致孔剂,司班85为第4组分,采用干法相分离工艺制备了添加有纳米银抑菌剂的微孔硅橡胶膜。通过超景深显微镜观察了微孔硅橡胶膜的表面孔形貌,并检测了微孔硅橡胶膜的力学性能、水蒸汽透过性能、氧气透过性能、纳米银释放性能、抑菌性能及生物相容性能。结果表明,微孔硅橡胶膜孔径均匀,最小可达2μm。当纳米银质量分数为0.0005%时,薄膜拉伸强度约为2.06 MPa,断裂伸长率可达1278%,弹性模量约为0.22 MPa。薄膜水蒸气透过性能为~163g/(m2·24h),氧透系数达2.87×10-8(cm3·cm)/(cm2·s·Pa)。此外纳米银释放含量低,但具有有效的抑菌性,对细胞、动物组织没有明显的生长抑制作用。     

纳米二氧化钛抗菌热收缩膜的制备与性能研究

目的 比较不同质量分数二氧化钛(TiO₂)对抗菌热收缩膜的物理性能和抗菌效果。方法 以线性低密度聚乙烯、乙烯–醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚偏二氯乙烯为原料,采用共挤压法制备纳米TiO₂质量分数分别为0%、2%、3%、4%的抗菌热收缩膜,并对其性能进行研究。结果 纳米TiO₂颗粒在抗菌热收缩膜表面均匀分布,添加纳米TiO₂对热收缩膜的厚度和不透明度没有显著影响(P>0.05)。随着纳米TiO₂添加量的增加,纳米TiO₂抗菌热收缩膜的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度呈先升高后下降趋势。当纳米TiO₂质量分数为3%时,断裂伸长率和拉伸强度分别达到最大值238.48%和55.64MPa。添加纳米TiO₂对热收缩膜的氧气透过量和水蒸气透过量没有影响(P>0.05)。纳米TiO₂抗菌热收缩膜对假单胞菌MN10、肉杆菌VE51、乳球菌VE58和乳杆菌VMR17表现出优异的抗菌性能,随着TiO₂     

植物单宁对酪蛋白膜的改性研究

目的 为研究不同单宁对酪蛋白膜的改性效果,探究水解类(塔拉单宁)和缩合类(杨梅单宁)单宁在不同添加量(酪蛋白固含量的5%、10%和15%)条件下对酪蛋白膜性能的影响。方法 使用溶液浇铸法制备单宁改性酪蛋白膜,对改性薄膜的水分含量、水溶性、水蒸气透过率、不透明度、紫外光屏蔽性、拉伸力学性能、热稳定性、形貌特征、抗氧化性能及化学结构进行表征。结果 塔拉单宁的添加量与改性酪蛋白膜的水分含量和水溶性呈正相关,杨梅单宁的添加量与改性酪蛋白膜的含水率和水溶性呈负相关;单宁改性后的酪蛋白膜不透明度值上升,2种单宁均能降低酪蛋白膜的水蒸气透过率和紫外光透过率,减缓酪蛋白膜的质量损失速率,增强薄膜抗氧化性;杨梅单宁有效提升了酪蛋白膜的拉伸力学性能、热稳定性及一定的抗氧化性,杨梅单宁添加量为15%时,改性酪蛋白膜性能最佳。结论 2种单宁都能赋予酪蛋白膜更优异的紫外光屏蔽性、水蒸气阻隔性和抗氧化性,杨梅单宁对酪蛋白的交联改性效果优于塔拉单宁,可有效提高酪蛋白的拉伸力学强度和热稳定性。单宁改性后的酪蛋白膜在活性包装领域上具有一定的应用潜力。     

探究温度对复合膜阻隔性和力学性能的影响

目的 探究温度变化对几种包装用复合膜阻隔性和力学性能的影响。方法 采用4种不同材质的复合膜为研究对象，通过调节温度变化，分别对复合膜进行拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、穿刺强度、直角撕裂力、氧气透过量、水蒸气透过量测试。结果 随着温度的升高，复合膜的拉伸强度、穿刺强度、直角撕裂力呈现逐渐变小的趋势，断裂伸长率呈现先增大后减小的趋势，氧气透过量、水蒸气透过量呈现逐渐变大的趋势。温度从15 ℃升至55 ℃，BOPP/EVOH复合膜的力学性能和阻隔性能受温度影响小，其中拉伸强度降低了5.2 MPa，断裂伸长率增加了10%，穿刺强度降低了4.4 N，直角撕裂力降低了5.0 N，水蒸气透过量提高了2.34 g/(m².d)，氧气透过量增加了12.5 cm³/(m².d.0.1 MPa)。结论 根据实验探究，温度是影响包装复合材料性能的重要因素，为不同温度条件下不同材质复合膜的性能变化提供了数据指导，BOPP/EVOH复合膜的综合性能受温度变化影响最小。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.