Shakedown analysis with multidimensional loading spaces

A numerical method for the computation of shakedown loads of structures subjected to varying thermal and mechanical loading is proposed for the case of multidimensional loading spaces. The shakedown loading factors are determined based on the lower bound direct method using the von Mises yield criterion. The resulting nonlinear convex optimization problem is solved by use of the interior-point method. Although the underlying theory allows for the consideration of arbitrary numbers of loadings in principle, until now applications have been restricted to special cases, where either one or two loads vary independently. In this article, former formulations of the optimization problem are generalized for the case of arbitrary numbers of loadings. The method is implemented into an interior-point algorithm specially designed for this method. For illustration, numerical results are presented for a three-dimensional loading space applied to a square plate with a central circular hole.     

Material nonlinear topology optimization considering the von Mises criterion through an asymptotic approach: Max strain energy and max load factor formulations

This paper addresses material nonlinear topology optimization considering the von Mises criterion by means of an asymptotic analysis using a fictitious nonlinear elastic model. In this context, we consider the topology optimization problem subjected to prescribed energy, which leads to robust convergence in nonlinear problems. Two nested formulations are considered. In the first, the objective is to maximize the strain energy of the system in equilibrium, and in the second, the objective is to maximize the load factor. In both cases, a volume constraint is imposed. The sensitivity analysis is quite effective and efficient in the sense that there is no extra adjoint equation. In addition, the nonlinear structural equilibrium problem is solved using direct minimization of the structural strain energy using Newton's method with an inexact line-search strategy. Four numerical examples demonstrate the features of the proposed material nonlinear topology optimization framework for approximating standard von Mises plasticity.     

Lower bound limit analysis of cohesive‐frictional materials using second‐order cone programming

The formulation of limit analysis by means of the finite element method leads to an optimization problem with a large number of variables and constraints. Here we present a method for obtaining strict lower bound solutions using second‐order cone programming (SOCP), for which efficient primal‐dual interior‐point algorithms have recently been developed. Following a review of previous work, we provide a brief introduction to SOCP and describe how lower bound limit analysis can be formulated in this way. Some methods for exploiting the data structure of the problem are also described, including an efficient strategy for detecting and removing linearly dependent constraints at the assembly stage. The benefits of employing SOCP are then illustrated with numerical examples. Through the use of an effective algorithm/software, very large optimization problems with up to 700 000 variables are solved in minutes on a desktop machine. The numerical examples concern plane strain conditions and the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, however we show that SOCP can also be applied to any other problem of lower bound limit analysis involving a yield function with a conic quadratic form (notable examples being the Drucker–Prager criterion in 2D or 3D, and Nielsen's criterion for plates). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Large‐deformation and friction analysis of non‐linear elastic cable networks by second‐order cone programming

A new formulation is presented for equilibrium shape analysis of cable networks considering geometrical and material non‐linearities. Friction between cables and joint devices is also considered. The second‐order cone programming (SOCP) problem which has the same solution as that of minimization of total potential energy is solved to obtain the equilibrium configuration. The optimality conditions are derived to verify that the solution satisfies equilibrium conditions and friction laws. Since no assumption on stress state is needed in the proposed method, no process of trial and error is involved. No effort is required to develop any analysis software because SOCP can be solved by using the well‐developed software based on the interior‐point method. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二阶锥规划的非精确不可行内点法

二阶锥规划在工程、控制、金融等领域具有广泛的应用.本文研究一种求解二阶锥规划的非精确不可行内点法.该算法的基本思想是首先定义不可行中心路径及其邻域,然后通过求解一个非线性方程组得到非精确的搜索方向,再取一个合适的步长,使得新的迭代点落在不可行中心路径的邻域内.该算法不要求初始点和迭代点位于严格可行解集内.在适当的假设条件下证明了算法只需迭代O(√n ln(1ε))次就可以找到问题的ε-近似解.     

Boundary element analysis of two-dimensional elastoplastic contact problems

A general boundary element formulation for contact problems, capable of dealing with local elastoplastic effects and friction, is presented. Both conforming and non-conforming problems may be analysed. The contact problem is solved by means of a direct constraint technique, in which compatibility and equilibrium conditions are directly enforced in the general system of equations. The contact areas are modelled with linear interpolation functions, and quadratic interpolation functions are used everywhere else. Elastoplasticity is solved by a BEM initial strain approach The Von Mises yield criterion with its associated flow rule is adopted. Both perfectly plastic and work hardening materials are studied in the proposed formulation.

An incremental loading technique is proposed, which allows accurate development of the loading history of the problem. The non-linear nature of these problems demands the use of an iterative procedure, to determine the correct frictional conditions at every node of the contact area and the value of the plastic strains at selected points where local yielding may have occurred. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed formulation.     

A fast first-order optimization approach to elastoplastic analysis of skeletal structures

It is classical that, when the small deformation is assumed, the incremental analysis problem of an elastoplastic structure with a piecewise-linear yield condition and a linear strain hardening model can be formulated as a convex quadratic programming problem. Alternatively, this paper presents a different formulation, an unconstrained nonsmooth convex optimization problem, and proposes to solve it with an accelerated gradient-like method. Specifically, we adopt an accelerated proximal gradient method, that has been developed for a regularized least squares problem. Numerical experiments show that the presented algorithm is effective for large-scale elastoplastic analysis. Also, a simple warm-start strategy can speed up the algorithm when the path-dependent incremental analysis is carried out.     

Ellipsoidal load‐domain shakedown analysis with von Mises yield criterion: A robust optimization approach

The static formulation of elastic shakedown analysis, based upon Melan's lower‐bound theorem, can essentially be viewed as a robust optimization problem. This paper discusses an advantage that is enjoyed by taking this perspective. Specifically, we assume the von Mises yield criterion and an ellipsoidal load domain. In this setting, the shakedown analysis problem, which is viewed as robust second‐order cone programming, can be recast as semidefinite programming. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rigid plastic model of incremental sheet deformation using second‐order cone programming

This paper describes a method for numerically modelling the incremental plastic deformation of shells and applies the method to incremental sheet forming (ISF). An upper bound finite element shell model is developed based on sequential limit analysis under the rigid plastic assumption, which is solved by manipulating the problem into the form of a second‐order cone program (SOCP). Initially, the static upper bound plate problem is investigated and the results are compared with the existing literature. The approach is then extended to a shell formulation using a linearized form of the Ilyushin yield condition and two methods for treating the Ilyushin condition are presented. The model is solved efficiently using SOCP software. The resulting model shows good geometric agreement when validated against an elasto‐plastic model produced using existing commercial software and with measurements from a real product produced using ISF. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Primal-Dual Interior-Point Method to Solve the Optimal Power Flow Dispatching Problem

This paper presents a primal-dual path-following interior-point method for the solution of the optimal power flow dispatching (OPFD) problem. The underlying idea of most path-following algorithms is relatively similar: starting from the Fiacco-McCormick barrier function, define the central path and loosely follow it to the optimum solution. Several primal-dual methods for OPF have been suggested, all of which are essentially direct extensions of primal-dual methods for linear programming. Nevertheless, there are substantial variations in some crucial details which include the formulation of the non-linear problem, the associated linear system, the linear algebraic procedure to solve this system, the line search, strategies for adjusting the centring parameter, estimating higher order correction terms for the homotopy path, and the treatment of indefiniteness. This paper discusses some of the approaches that were undertaken in implementing a specific primal-dual method for OPFD. A comparison is carried out with previous research on interior-point methods for OPF. Numerical tests on standard IEEE systems and on a realistic network are very encouraging and show that the new algorithm converges where other algorithms fail.     

用Mises屈服条件求内边界固支环板的极限荷载

对于环板的塑性极限分析,通常应用最大弯矩极限条件。本文应用Mises屈服条件分析内边界固支环板在线性荷载与均布荷载共同作用下的极限荷载。考虑到Mises屈服条件的非线性,文中采用加权余量法进行分析。根据环板屈服时弯矩的边界条件和平衡方程,选取合适的试函数,并用加权余量法中的子域法进行求解。针对线性荷载的不同分布形式,给出极限荷载的计算公式与数值结果,画出极限荷载的影响曲线,并与最大弯矩极限条件的数值结果进行了比较,说明本文结果是合理的。     

Effect of yield surface vertex on failure of ductile materials

This paper is concerned with the lengthening of a solid rod or tubular specimen along the principal axis about which it is being twisted, this aspect of the elastic-plastic deformation of a material being referred to as the Poynting-Swift effect. The Swift effect is the counterpart in the plastic range of deformation to the Poynting effect in the elastic range of deformation. Central to any study of the Swift effect is the problem of identifying an appropriate yield criterion. A generalised isotropic yield criterion is formulated in such a way that it can be applied to materials which satisfy the von Mises yield criterion, or some modified, but continuously difierentiable form of it, and to materials which satisfy a piece-wise continuous yield condition such as the Tresca yield criterion. The choice of the constitutive equation describing the purely elastic deformation behaviour determines the initial yield function. In this context, the constitutive equation of a simple elastic material is only compatible with von Mises yield criterion, a conclusion which applies also to classical infinitesimal theory. An attempt is made to generalise the constitutive equation of a simple elastic material to give a constitutive equation which is compatible with the proposed generalised isotropic yield criterion. This approach introduces an additional term into the constitutive equation which is quadratic in the stress. The two loading coefficients associated with the stress loading function are assumed to be deriveable from the generalised isotropic yield criterion which is now assumed to hold over the entire range of deformation, and in this context is referred to as the stress intensity function. It is a matter of observation that the proposed constitutive equation describes the total, post-yield, elastic-plastic response to simple loading. Consideration is given to the application of the Poynting-Swift effect to the failure of ductile materials using the proposed constitutive equation.     

A 3D upper bound limit analysis using radial point interpolation meshless method and second‐order cone programming

This paper presents a 3D formulation for quasi‐kinematic limit analysis, which is based on a radial point interpolation meshless method and numerical optimization. The velocity field is interpolated using radial point interpolation shape functions, and the resulting optimization problem is cast as a standard second‐order cone programming problem. Because the essential boundary conditions can be only guaranteed at the position of the nodes when using radial point interpolation, the results obtained with the proposed approach are not rigorous upper bound solutions. This paper aims to improve the computing efficiency of 3D upper bound limit analysis and large problems, with tens of thousands of nodes, can be solved efficiently. Five numerical examples are given to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach with the von Mises yield criterion: an internally pressurized cylinder; a cantilever beam; a double‐notched tensile specimen; and strip, square and rectangular footings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

结构畸变比能处理的应力约束全局化的连续体结构拓扑优化

该文根据von Mises强度准则的畸变比能本质,计算单元畸变比能替代应力约束;依照应力全局化策略,定义结构畸变比能约束概念,求解应力约束下重量最小的连续体结构拓扑优化问题,急剧地减少了应力约束。构造许用应力和结构最大应力的比值含参数幂函数,对约束限进行动态修正。基于ICM(Independent Continuous and Mapping,独立、连续、映射)方法,采用指数型快滤函数建立了结构在畸变比能约束下的结构拓扑优化模型,并选取精确映射下的序列二次规划进行求解。数值算例表明:采用修正的结构畸变比能的应力全局化策略,对于结构拓扑优化问题的求解是有用和高效的。该文提出的方法对解决工况间存在病态载荷的问题也是有益的。     

MY准则解析受均布载荷简支斜板极限载荷

为了得到斜板极限载荷的解析解,用平均屈服(MY)准则,对受均布载荷的简支金属斜板进行了塑性极限分析.首次获得MY准则下斜板极限载荷的解析解,该解是斜板几何参数长l1,宽l2以及长宽夹角θ的函数.研究表明:随着θ的增大,极限载荷先增大而后减小;斜板面积增加,极限载荷减小.得到了菱形、矩形和方形板的解析解,并将方形板的解析解与Tresca、Mises以及TSS提供的极限载荷进行比较,对比表明:方板的极限载荷与边长成反比关系,Tresca屈服准则提供极限载荷的下限,TSS屈服准则提供上限,MY准则预测结果恰居二者中间,且最靠近Mises解.     

A comparison of piecewise linear programming formulations for stochastic disassembly line balancing

Recently, several mathematical programming formulations and solution approaches have been developed for the stochastic disassembly line balancing problem (DLBP). This paper aims at finding optimal solutions for the stochastic DLBP. Two second-order cone programming (SOCP1 and SOCP2) models and five piecewise linear mixed integer programming (PwLP) models are presented. The PwLP formulations involve two specially ordered sets of type 2 (S1 and S2) models and three convex combination (CC1, CC2 and CC3) models. In each modelling category, the latter models strengthen the initial S1 and CC1 models. Our computational analysis of a total 240 instances of ten problems demonstrates that all the seven models can be used to solve practical-sized DLBP problems to optimality using GUROBI. The SOCP2 model and the strengthened S2 and CC2 models lead to lower computation times, compared to SOCP1, S1, CC1 and CC3, respectively. Using the strengthened S2 and CC2 formulations, the CPU times of the CC3 model available in the literature can be reduced by 50 and 40%, respectively. Besides analysing the optimal solutions and the differences of the computation times, we present insights gained from our results.     

Generalized isotropic yield criterion for incompressible materials

Summary With the von Mises yield criterion as basis, a generalised isotropic yield function for incompressible yielding has been formulated. The proposed yield function includes as limiting forms, both the classical yield criterion of Tresca and that of von Mises. It is shown that the general yield criterion includes a twelve-sided, piece-wise linear condition of yielding. A method of relaxing the restrictions imposed by the vertices associated with a piece-wise yield criteria is described. The formulation of a composite yield condition, comprising a piece-wise, linear and continuous, yield function, together with a continuously differentiable form of yield function, is described. The use of the proposed yield criterion is reviewed in the context of the two different ypes of experiment for determining the yield condition satisfied by a given material.With 5 Figures     

稳健的波束优化设计及FPGA实现

在分析二阶锥规划(Second-Order Cone Programming,SOCP)算法的基础上,设计了声呐阵列并采用SOCP方法对其波束图进行了优化;根据SOCP的波束优化设计方法,设计了基于FPGA的16元均匀圆阵的波束形成器。目的在于提高波束优化设计的稳健性以及信号处理系统的运算实时性、运算精度等。对FPGA波束形成器的仿真性能进行了分析,主要分析了以下两个方面:首先分析了当权值位数不同时对波束形成器输出的影响,其次分析了波束优化设计方法的抗阵列流形误差的性能。仿真设计结果和实验表明本文方法的有效性。二阶锥波束优化设计的波束图有着良好的稳健性,采用12位权值的FPGA波束形成器,抗阵元位置误差性能也比较好。     

区块链系统分布式计算的ADMM算法及其在主动配电网中的应用

区块链作为一种新颖的计算机技术,由于具备诸多的优点,其在未来主动配电网中有较大的应用潜力。因此如何将配电网中的集中式优化任务融入区块链系统的分布式计算模块是亟待解决的问题。以配电网动态经济调度优化的分布式建模为例,借助二阶锥规划（second-order cone programming,SOCP）凸松弛理论,参考了IEC 61970标准中CIM的建模思想,将传统的配电网耦合模型转换为一种分散式的电气模型;并提出一种运行于区块链上的基于交替方向乘子法（alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM）的分布式最优潮流求解方法,从而使传统集中式优化在未来主动配电网中所面临的诸多难题得以解决。该方法无需对配电网进行全局协调或分层分区,仅利用区块链相邻节点间少量的通信即可通过并行计算得出模型的全局最优解。     

Limit analysis of viscoplastic flows using an extended general algorithm sequentially: convergence analysis and validation

The paper presents the extension of a general algorithm to limit analysis of viscoplastic flow problems. Based on the concept of sequential limit analysis, the paper treats viscoplastic flow problems as a sequence of limit analysis problems. In the formulation, a general plane-strain problem involving incompressible rigid-viscoplastic materials was stated in the upper bound formulation. The von Mises yield criterion was employed to model the yield behavior. In each step of a deformation sequence, limit load was computed by using a combined smoothing and successive approximation (CSSA) algorithm. Especially, the extended CSSA algorithm was shown to be unconditionally convergent by utilizing the Hölder inequality. Finally, numerical and analytical studies of a thick-walled cylinder under internal pressure were performed to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the computational procedure presented here. It is found that the computed limit loads are rigorous upper bounds and agree very well with the analytical solutions.