Acquisition of m-sequences using recursive soft sequential estimation

A novel sequential estimation method is proposed for the initial synchronization of pseudonoise (PN) signals derived from m-sequences. This sequential estimation method is designed based on the principle of recursive soft-in/soft-out (SISO) decoding, and we refer to it as the recursive soft sequential estimation (RSSE) acquisition scheme. The RSSE acquisition scheme exhibits a complexity similar to that of a conventional m-sequence generator, which increases only linearly with the number of stages in the m-sequence generator. Our simulation results also show that the acquisition time of the proposed RSSE acquisition scheme is also linearly dependent on the number of stages in the m-sequence generator. Owing to the above properties, the employment of the proposed RSSE acquisition scheme is beneficial for the acquisition of long m-sequences.     

测距m序列扩频码的快速捕获算法

针对测距m序列扩频码,提出一种快速捕获方法。假定m序列发生器的移位寄存器个数为r,该方法首先根据连续接收的一段长度为r的序列,通过一个寄存器状态解算器,推算出发送完这段序列后m序列发生器寄存器的状态,并将本地m序列发生器的寄存器状态置为该状态。接收机接收上述长度为r的序列,再接收一段长度为2r-1的序列后,本地m序列发生器开始工作,并与接收的m序列进行相关运算和相关性判定。若相关性超过某一阈值,判定结果为"相关",则捕获成功,否则继续重复上述过程,直到判定结果为"相关"为止。出现不相关情况的原因是作为解算器输入的上述一段长度为r的序列包含误码,以r=20为例,其概率仅为1-0.980 2=0.019 8,也就是说,这种方法一次捕获成功的概率为0.980 2。     

产生2k元伪随机序列的准混沌Mealy型有限状态机方法

该文利用m状态序列稳定的长周期，以及混沌序列流的高线性复杂度，研究了一种将m状态序列作为准混沌Mealy型有限状态机输入的2k元伪随机序列产生方法，分析了系统的周期待性，进行了序列流随机性的测试，介绍了系统作为跳频码发生器在FPGA的仿真和综合结果．     

产生2k元伪随机序列的准混沌Mealy型有限状态机方法

该文利用m状态序列稳定的长周期,以及混沌序列流的高线性复杂度,研究了一种将m状态序列作为准混沌Mealy型有限状态机输入的 2k元伪随机序列产生方法,分析了系统的周期特性,进行了序列流随机性的测试,介绍了系统作为跳频码发生器在FPGA的仿真和综合结果。     

Rapid acquisition of PN sequences with a new decision logic

In this paper, a fast acquisition scheme of pseudonoise (PN) sequences for direct-sequence spread-spectrum systems is proposed. The scheme exploits a new decision logic not only to estimate chip values, but also to check the reliability of the chip estimates. As a result, the internal state of a PN sequence generator is estimated more accurately. We derive the probability of finding a correct state estimate and show that the proposed scheme can reduce the average number of chips for acquisition when compared with the conventional scheme. It is also shown that the performance improvement is more noticeable in the moderate signal-to-noise-ratio range.     

一种差分传输参考直扩超宽带系统的实现方案

文中提出了一种差分传输参考直扩超宽带系统的实现方案。该方案利用接收信号的前一个码元作为本地参考信号，解差分恢复出扩频序列，然后通过数字匹配滤波器完成PN码的相关匹配来实现同步捕获，而后采用类似方法解调实现信息恢复。通过对系统的同步性能及其误码率性能进行分析和仿真试验,结果表明该方案不仅可以实现快速的同步捕获，并且具有复杂度低、占用资源少等优点。     

有限精度混沌系统的m序列扰动实现

本文研究利用ｍ序列的扰动来实现有限精度混沌系统的方法，考察了扰动序列的周期，幅度以及扰动分布对混沌信号特性的影响，研究表明，扰动ｍ序列所需的阶数取决于混沌序列所需要达到的周期长度，扰动的位数取决于混沌映射的最大斜率，随着混沌系统实现粗度的提高，所需的扰动幅度呈指数减小。     

一种GPS信号的快速捕获方法

提出了一种全球定位系统(GPS)信号捕获原理,详细介绍了基于快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)结合非相干累积的GPS信号捕获方法。描述了基于可编程门阵列器件(FPGA)的通过数字正交下变频、本地载波产生、部分匹配滤波、FFT分析、非相干累积和信噪比估计的具体实现过程。以实际GPS信号为例进行仿真,结果表明此方法可以满足高动态低信噪比环境下GPS信号快速捕获需求。     

Serial acquisition performance of single-carrier and multicarrier DS-CDMA over Nakagami-m fading channels

We investigate the issue of pseudo noise (PN) code acquisition in single-carrier and multicarrier (MC) direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems, when the channel is modeled by frequency-selective Nakagami-m (1960) fading. The PN code acquisition performance of single-carrier and MC DS-CDMA systems is analyzed and compared when communicating over Nakagami-m fading channels under the hypothesis of multiple synchronous states (H/sub 1/ cells) in the uncertainty region of the PN code. In the context of MC DS-CDMA, the code acquisition performance is evaluated, when the correlator outputs of the subcarriers associated with the same phase of the local PN code replica are noncoherently combined by using equal gain combining (EGC) or selection combining (SC) schemes. The performance comparison of the above mentioned schemes shows that the code acquisition performance of the MC DS-CDMA scheme, especially when using the EGC scheme, is more robust, than that of single-carrier DS-CDMA schemes communicating over the multipath Nakagami-m fading channels encountered. However, our code acquisition performance comparison also shows that if the detection threshold was set inappropriately, the performance might be degraded, even if the channel fading becomes less severe.     

Multiminima heuristic methods for antenna optimization

Two general approaches to multiminima optimization are considered. The first approach is based on repetition of a single minima method (e.g., the Nelder-Mead simplex applied to the best solution in a set of random trials). The second approach is based on a coarse estimation of local minima using initial set of points and local optimization starting from these local minima (e.g., random search as a generator of the initial set of points and Nelder-Mead simplex as a local optimizer). A comparison of various optimization algorithms has been done on one analytical problem and two well-known examples of antenna design. It is found that: a) the multiminima method based on coarse estimation enables finding more minima with smaller number of iterations than that based on repetition, b) the best multiminima methods are comparable with the best single minima methods in a number of iterations needed for finding the global minima, and c) the multiminima method based on coarse estimation restarted with different weighting coefficients of multiobjective cost function enables efficient Pareto optimization.     

Rapid acquisition of PN signals for DS/SS systems using a phaseestimator

We propose a new scheme for rapid acquisition of PN signals in direct-sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) systems by estimating the phase of the received PN signal with the use of an auxiliary signal. The auxiliary signal can be generated by a sum of the phase shifted PN signals. The phase of the incoming PN signal is estimated using the properties of cross correlation between the PN signal and the auxiliary signal. True phase alignment is detected using a conventional serial search scheme, where the initial phase of the local PN generators is set to a value obtained by the phase estimator. The performance of the proposed acquisition scheme is analytically evaluated in terms of the mean acquisition time. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can achieve acquisition at least two times faster than the conventional scheme in the nominal operating condition     

一种新的TDCS基函数随机相位产生方法及性能分析

针对变换域通信系统对随机相位随机性与相关性的要求,提出了一种采用混沌映射m序列控制法的基函数相位映射方法,相比于传统一维m序列产生基函数,该方法所产生基函数的随机性提高了N倍(N为m序列的长度);同时由于采用混沌映射,产生了大量互相关系数很小的基函数,具有更加良好的相关性。仿真结果表明,采用混沌映射m序列控制法的基函数相位映射方法,提高了基函数的相关性,有效地降低了系统的误码率。     

Carrier frequency offset estimation for OFDM systems using subcarriers

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM) systems, which can induce the loss of orthogonality among subcarriersand result in significant performance degradation, is critical to be estimatedand compensated for. In this paper, a suboptimal scheme is proposed to estimatethe CFO using subcarriers. In the proposed scheme, the CFO is dividedinto the fractional part and the integer part, with the fractional CFO estimatedfollowed by the integer CFO estimation. Compared with previous work using subcarriers and exhaustive search, the implementation complexity of theproposed scheme is significantly lower due to the fact that the main componentrequired is a simple correlator. Furthermore, with only one trainingOFDM symbol and proper subcarrier allocation, the estimation range ofthe proposed scheme can be the inverse of the sampling duration. In contrast,conventional schemes with the same estimation range and complexity require two OFDM symbols. To achieve good performance,it will be shown that the subcarrier allocation should be based uponsome specific binary sequences such as the proposed extended m-sequences. It willalso be shown by simulations that the same subcarrier allocation criterionshould be employed for optimal maximum-likelihood CFO estimation.     

Quadrilevel periodic sequences for fast start-up equalization andchannel estimation

A class of four-level periodic sequences derived from the binary m-sequences are presented. These sequences can be used as the training sequences in adaptive channel estimation and equalization with fast start-up for multilevel PAM or QAM transmission. The sequence generator can be implemented by simple hardware     

一种面向短时突发信号的高精度同步方案设计

针对短时突发通信存在捕获时间长、算法复杂度高、资源开销大等问题,文中设计了一种高精度同步方案。该方案自定义收发双方帧结构,采用独特码差分匹配算法实现信号检测和帧同步,并采用基于导频累积量的前向估计算法实现频偏估计和校正。为兼顾频偏估计精度和算法复杂度,对独特码采用滑动相关算法实现初始相位捕获,使系统结构紧凑,更加适合FPGA硬件实现。理论分析和软件仿真表明,该方案在低信噪比和高动态范围条件下具有较好的接收性能,频率估计精度能够达到符号速率的万分之一。文中同时进行了硬件协同仿真与验证,并给出了相应的仿真波形。     

Differential M-ary orthogonal signaling for DS/CDMA land mobilesatellite communications

In this paper, we derive an analytical framework for the performance evaluation of an M-ary orthogonal scheme based on differential encoding/decoding of the Walsh/Hadamard chips prior/after spreading. This technique makes feasible nonpilot-assisted detection over fast fading environments such as the land mobile satellite (LMS) channel. Our results show that differential M-ary orthogonal signaling presents very good performance at Doppler frequency shifts much higher than the symbol rate. Amplitude statistics are considered to be Rayleigh, but may be easily extended to more general models based on the analytical derivation presented     

基于多天线辅助估计的高精度UWB快速捕获算法研究

本文提出了一种基于多天线辅助估计的UWB(超宽带)快速捕获算法,利用UWB信号的循环平稳特性,将接收信号与它自身延迟一个信息位产生的模板相关,应用最大似然方法就可得到一个粗略的同步时间估计,在充分利用线性天线阵空间分集增益的情况下,这种估计相当准确。在此基础上继续进行精确同步,直到捕获任一符号位的第一帧第一个到达脉冲。文中采用流图法给出了本算法平均捕获时间的闭式解。理论分析和计算机模拟表明,该算法与同等硬件复杂程度和同等捕获精度的其他捕获方法相比可明显地缩短平均捕获时间。     

m序列相位编码信号的最小峰值旁瓣滤波器

m序列相位编码信号最小峰值旁瓣滤波器(LP滤波器)的冲激响应序列可以通过解线性规划问题求得。对于15位和31位全部m序列的计算结果表明,LP滤波器对峰值旁瓣有较大的抑制。对[4,3,0]反馈连接的起始状态为1001的15位码,它的长度为15的LP滤波器的峰值旁瓣电平降到—21.47dB,比用匹配滤波器改善7.49dB;对[5,3,2,1,0]反馈连接的起始状态为11101的31位码,它的长度为31的LP滤波器的峰值旁瓣电平降到—23.80dB,比用匹配滤波器改善6.01dB。当滤波器的长度增加时,LP滤波器可把峰值旁瓣抑制到更低电平。     

LDPC码在802.16a OFDM系统 衰落信道中的性能分析

本文通过对802.16a OFDM系统信道的分析,权衡估计的性能和算法复杂度两个因素,针对不同的传输环境,提出了动态的OFDM信道估计方案.另外我们找到了一组优秀的非正则LDPC码,将其应用于IEEE 802.16a OFDM环境中,仿真验证了它们在SUI-3和SUI-5多径衰落信道环境下具有良好的性能,并和协议中提出的卷积Turbo码进行了比较,结果证明在相同条件下,本文的LDPC码可以取得比协议提出的卷积Turbo码更优越的性能,具有更好的抗多径衰落的能力.     

基于m序列变换和混沌映射的图像加密算法

该文利用m序列发生器中移位寄存器状态的遍历性(全零状态除外),首次提出一种"m序列变换"用于图像位置置乱的方法.并利用混沌映射系统具有初值敏感性,参数敏感性和类随机性的特点,设计了一种基于"m序列变换"与混沌映射相结合的图像加密算法,与其它图像加密算法相比,该算法的密钥空间非常巨大,具有更好的安全性.