基于有限时间观测器的离散系统混沌同步

本文基于驱动–响应模型针对一类离散时间混沌系统提出了一种基于有限时间观测器的同步方法. 首先, 将混沌系统写成具有未知输入的线性系统形式. 随后, 给出了观测器匹配条件和强可观条件. 在观测器匹配条件的 假设下, 通过适当的状态变换, 给出了具有降维形式的有限时间观测器设计框架使得该观测器不再受到未知输入的 影响. 然后, 证明了强可观条件结合观测器匹配条件可以保证一个有限时间观测器的存在, 该观测器可以使得响应 系统达到对驱动系统的精确同步, 且达到同步所需要的时间可以任意设定, 不受观测器系统矩阵极点配置和初值条 件的影响. 最后, 给出了两个混沌系统的例子验证了所提方法的有效性.     

一类非线性系统的函数观测器设计

研究单边Lipschitz非线性系统的函数观测器设计.基于线性矩阵不等式获得了函数观测器增益矩阵存在的条件,然后提出函数观测器增益矩阵的设计方法.通过一个仿真实例,验证所设计的函数观测器不仅能够估计系统的状态,而且可使观测误差快速收敛到零.     

非线性不确定系统的非奇异快速终端滑模控制

针对存在非匹配干扰的非线性系统,设计了一种基于干扰观测器和反步法的非奇异快速终端滑模控制.引入非线性干扰观测器估计系统的不确定性,利用反步的思想处理高阶非线性系统,从而可以将非线性干扰观测器估计的干扰值引入反步法的虚拟控制量中,同时设计一种新颖的非奇异快速终端滑模控制律保证系统的收敛速度和精度.利用Lyapunov函数从理论上证明了所设计的控制器可以保证闭环系统的有限时间收敛.最后通过数值仿真验证了所设计的控制方法的有效性.     

基于有限时间观测器的混沌系统同步

根据有限时间稳定的定义,对混沌系统引入了有限时间观测器的概念,采用有限时间观测器实现混沌系统的同步,保证在给定的有限时间区间内,观测器状态与被观测系统的状态误差被限制在一个给定界内,从而达到观测系统状态的目的。利用线性矩阵不等式的方法,将观测器存在条件转化为求解系统的线性矩阵不等式。讨论了混沌系统同步的有限时间观测器的存在条件,并给出了观测器的具体设计。通过对Duffing-Holmes系统的同步仿真,验证了该方法的有效性。     

切换系统激活模式辨识和有限时间状态估计北大核心CSCD

针对一类具有未知输入的不确定线性切换系统,考虑并利用有限时间观测器解决其激活模式辨识和有限时间状态估计问题。首先,利用状态和输出变换得到解耦未知输入的降维切换系统。其次,为每一个降维子系统设计一个对应的有限时间观测器,并对降维系统与观测器系统输出的残差范数进行最小化,从而提出一种激活模式辨识的方法。然后,通过有限时间观测器设置任意小的时间参数,实现了对降维解耦切换系统的有限时间状态估计,同时利用状态等价变化的方法得到原系统的有限时间状态估计。最后,通过MATLAB仿真验证了所提方法的可靠性。     

分数布朗运动干扰下广义随机系统滑模控制

本文考虑分数布朗运动干扰下时滞广义随机系统的基于观测器的滑模控制.首先设计了不受分数布朗运动干扰的状态观测器,然后给出了基于观测器的积分型滑模面函数的定义.为了研究观测器系统有限时间随机有界性,构造了带有二重积分的新型Lyapunov函数来处理分数布朗运动.利用奇异值分解原理,解决了观测器增益矩阵设计问题.利用线性矩阵不等式和Gronwall不等式得到了系统随机有界性的充分条件.同时给出了滑模面函数的有限时间可达性分析.最后的数值仿真验证了所提方法的有效性.     

非对称约束下非线性系统的有限时间控制

针对具有非对称输出约束和外界干扰的非线性不确定系统,提出了基于固定时间干扰观测器和非对称障碍函数的有限时间控制策略。首先,采用非对称障碍函数处理系统的输出约束问题,保证输出满足约束条件;其次,通过构造固定时间干扰观测器对外界干扰进行估计,且估计误差在固定时间内收敛到零;再次,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明闭环系统在有限时间内有界稳定且输出满足约束条件;最后,通过永磁同步电机的仿真实验验证了所设计的控制策略的有效性。     

基于滑模观测器的多智能体一致性控制

本文针对速度不可测下的多智能体系统提出一种基于滑模观测器的有限时间一致性控制算法.首先, 利用滑模观测器在有限时间内估计每个智能体的速度信息. 然后,利用估计信息设计非奇异终端滑模控制律,该控制律能够保证智能体系统在有限时间内达到一致性. 最后,通过数值仿真验证了该一致性控制算法的有效性.     

基于扰动观测器补偿的机械臂非奇异快速终端滑模控制

针对机械臂系统在实际应用中存在的建模误差及未知扰动问题, 设计了一种基于扰动观测器的改进型非 奇异快速终端滑模控制策略. 通过扰动观测器准确估计系统存在的总扰动, 并设计恰当的非线性增益函数使扰动观 测误差指数收敛, 实现了对控制器的前馈补偿. 考虑到终端滑模存在的奇异性问题, 结合扰动观测器设计了非奇异 快速终端滑模控制器, 在保证跟踪误差有限时间收敛的同时抑制了滑模控制固有的抖振现象. 同时在控制器设计过 程中, 用fal函数代替sig函数有利于削弱滑模控制抖振, 提高系统稳定性及跟踪精度. 最后, 利用MATLAB软件进行 实验仿真, 验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

基于干扰观测器的一类奇异系统H∞控制

提出了一种基于干扰观测器的奇异系统鲁棒H_∞控制方法.外部干扰广泛存在于奇异系统中,为了降低其对系统的影响,设计了一种奇异系统干扰观测器以估计系统干扰.然后给出闭环系统相容的条件,设计一种基于干扰观测器的鲁棒控制器,并基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了闭环系统的渐近稳定性,通过设计指标函数得到闭环系统具有鲁棒性能的条件.相对于传统鲁棒控制方法,基于干扰观测器的方法降低了系统设计的保守性.最后,通过仿真实验验证了所提出方法的正确性和有效性.     

马尔可夫跳变系统基于观测器的有限时间容错控制

针对具有一般不确定转移速率的单边Lipschitz Markovian跳变系统,设计了有限时间故障估计观测器和容错控制器.首先,提出一种自适应的有限时间故障估计观测器,它对未知输入具有鲁棒性,能够同时估计出系统的状态、执行器故障和传感器故障,并确保了误差系统的H_∞有限时间有界.然后,基于所估计的状态和执行器故障,提出一种有限时间故障容错控制方法确保闭环系统H_∞有限时间有界.通过线性矩阵不等式的形式,给出了所设计的有限时间观测器和控制器存在的充分条件.最后,通过一个仿真实例,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

Smooth sliding-mode observers for specific growth rate and substrate from biomass measurement

This paper addresses the estimation of specific growth rate and substrate concentration from biomass measurements in fermentation processes. Specifically, sliding-mode observers are proposed, for which finite-time global convergence is demonstrated using Lyapunov stability theory and concepts of variable structure systems. Two observers are developed for specific growth rate estimation, one producing a discontinuous estimation which is used afterwards for substrate estimation, and the other one – based on high-gain observers – that generates a smooth estimation with first-order dynamics and finite-time bounded convergence error. In the case of substrate estimation, an observer that increases the convergence rate to a vicinity of the real substrate concentration while achieving asymptotic convergence despite kinetic model uncertainties in properly excited processes is designed. This observer also exhibits first-order dynamics.     

Nonsingular terminal sliding mode based finite-time control for spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper studies finite-time attitude tracking control problem of a rigid spacecraft system with external disturbances and inertia uncertainties. Firstly, a new finite-time attitude tracking control law is designed using nonsingular terminal sliding mode concepts. In the absence and presence of external disturbances and inertia uncertainties, this controller can drive the attitude and angular velocity tracking errors to reach zero in finite time. Secondly, a finite-time disturbance observer is introduced to estimate the disturbance, and a composite controller is developed which consists of a feedback control based on nonsingular terminal sliding mode method and compensation term based on finite-time disturbance observer. Finite-time convergence of attitude tracking errors and the stability of the closed-loop system is ensured by the Lyapunov approach. Numerical simulations on attitude control of spacecraft are also given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controllers.     

新型有限时间收敛滑模扩张状态观测器研究

针对一类具有量测噪声的非线性不确定系统,设计了基于新型滑模扩张状态观测器的Terminal滑模控制方案．首先对系统进行两次状态扩张,然后设计一种新型滑模扩张状态观测器,通过采用特殊的滑模面保证观测误差在有限时间内收敛到零．在此基础上,设计Terminal滑模控制器,使系统状态也能在有限时间内收敛到零．严格的理论证明和仿真结果均证明了所设计新型滑模观测器及闭环控制方案的有效性和快速性．     

A three-dimensional robust nonlinear terminal guidance law with ISS finite-time convergence

This paper presents a novel three-dimensional nonlinear terminal guidance law with finite-time convergence for intercepting manoeuvring targets. Different from the usual method of decoupling the missile-target relative motion into two-dimensional planes, this law is designed via using the coupled dynamics. The guidance law is derived based on the theory of finite-time input-to-state stability (ISS), which needs no assumption of the linearisation and the estimation of target accelerations. Under this law, the line-of-sight angular rates can be stabilised to a small domain of convergence around zero in finite time. The convergence rate and convergence domain can be adjusted by changing the guidance parameters. First, a sufficient condition on finite-time ISS of the guidance system is given, and is subsequently used to design the guidance law. Finally, simulation results are provided to show that the proposed guidance law possesses fast convergence rate and strong robustness to target manoeuvres.     

Simultaneous state and output disturbance estimations for a class of switched linear systems with unknown inputs

The paper considers the issues of state estimation and output disturbance reconstruction for a class of switched linear systems with unknown inputs. A singular switched system is derived from the original switched system by taking the output disturbance as a part of a new extended state vector. For the constructed singular switched system, a robust sliding-mode switched observer which can not only estimate the states of original switched system but also reconstruct output disturbances is proposed, where the switching of the observer is synchronous with that of the switched system. A sufficient condition is provided to guarantee the existence of the switched observer by the feasibility of an optimisation problem with linear matrix inequality constraint, and the corresponding switching signal with average dwell time is designed such that the convergence of the estimation error system is proven to be exponential. Based on the state estimation of singular switched system, the methods of state estimation and output disturbance reconstruction of original switched system are proposed. Finally, the simulation results confirm the predicted performance of the proposed methods.     

Finite-time-observer design for nonlinear impulsive systems with impact perturbation

This paper investigates the observer design problem of nonlinear impulsive systems with impact perturbation. By using the concept of normal form, this paper proposes a full-order finite-time observer, which guarantees the finite-time convergence independent of the impact perturbation. A reduced-order observer is additionally developed for the proposed normal form. An illustrative example is given in order to illustrate the capability of the proposed method.     

Optimal State Estimation and Fault Diagnosis for a Class of Nonlinear Systems

This study proposes a scheme for state estimation and,consequently,fault diagnosis in nonlinear systems.Initially,an optimal nonlinear observer is designed for nonlinear systems subject to an actuator or plant fault.By utilizing Lyapunov's direct method,the observer is proved to be optimal with respect to a performance function,including the magnitude of the observer gain and the convergence time.The observer gain is obtained by using approximation of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman(HJB)equation.The approximation is determined via an online trained neural network(NN).Next a class of affine nonlinear systems is considered which is subject to unknown disturbances in addition to fault signals.In this case,for each fault the original system is transformed to a new form in which the proposed optimal observer can be applied for state estimation and fault detection and isolation(FDI).Simulation results of a singlelink flexible joint robot(SLFJR)electric drive system show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.