ZS-1型乳液清防蜡剂的室内研究

为了克服油基清防蜡剂存在有毒、易燃、密度小等缺点和水基清防蜡剂存在清蜡效率低、防蜡效果差的不足，对有机溶剂和表面活性剂的复配协同效应进行了研究，将混合溶剂作为乳状液的油相，用具有润湿分散能力的复合表面活性剂作为乳化剂，制备出乳液类清防蜡剂。该清防蜡剂具有低毒、不易燃烧、密度较大、清蜡效率高、防蜡效果好的特点，是一种多效的清蜡防蜡剂。     

水基蜡晶改进剂型防蜡剂的研制与应用

为了克服油基清防蜡剂存在的有毒、易燃、密度小等缺点,解决水基清防蜡剂存在的清蜡效率低、防蜡效果差及乳液型防蜡剂稳定性差等不足,利用表面活性剂亲水亲油基团结构特点,将蜡晶改进剂均匀地分散在水中,研究出具有低毒不易燃烧、密度较大、清蜡效率高、防蜡效果好等优点的水基蜡晶改进剂型防蜡剂。室内实验表明,该防蜡剂在最佳的配比条件下,降黏率和动态防蜡率大于70%。现场试验表明,采用连续加药方式,可有效减少洗井次数,提高油井产油量。     

一种微乳液清蜡剂的研制

为克服油基清蜡剂有毒、易燃、密度小,水基清蜡剂溶蜡效率低等缺陷。通过对有机溶剂、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂及分散剂的研究,开发了一种微乳液型高效清蜡剂。室内实验表明:该清蜡剂在最佳的配比条件下,闪点为51℃,凝固点≤-30℃,密度≥0.95 g/cm3,45℃条件下平均溶蜡速率≥0.028 g/min。     

一种微乳液清蜡剂的研制

为克服油基清蜡剂有毒、易燃、密度小,水基清蜡剂溶蜡效率低等缺陷.通过对有机溶剂、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂及分散剂的研究,开发了一种微乳液型高效清蜡剂.室内实验表明：该清蜡剂在最佳的配比条件下,闪点为51℃,凝固点≤-30℃,密度≥0.95 g/cm^3,45℃C条件下平均溶蜡速率≥0.028 g/min.     

微乳液清蜡剂的研究

利用阴离子表面活性剂(ABS)制备中相微乳液,得到了形成中相微乳液清蜡剂的最佳配方:ABS%=1.5%,NaCl%=1.39%,正丁醇%=3.5%。并探讨了醇、盐对微乳液和清蜡速度的影响,随着醇和盐加量增加,微乳液由下相—中相—上相,其中双连续相微乳液的清蜡效果最好。渗透剂的润湿反转作用,使结蜡表面反转为亲水性表面,有利于蜡从表面脱落,不利于蜡在表面上沉积,使清蜡速度有较大的提高。通过将单一油相改成煤油和正已烷的混合物后,更有助于胶质沥青质的分散。     

防蜡剂与清蜡剂

本文综述了采油中使用防蜡剂与清蜡剂的类型和作用防蜡剂主要有三种类型,即稠环芳香烃型、活性剂型和高分子型;清蜡剂主要有油基和水基两类文中还分析了防蜡剂和清蜡剂的发展倾向。     

准噶尔盆地春光油田清防蜡剂试验研究

采用溶液法合成了苯乙烯-马来酸高碳醇酯-丙烯酰胺三元共聚物,通过评价清蜡、分散和防蜡性能筛选出表面活性剂AP-4、JFC和CDA,正交试验优选出了表面活性剂比例,在优选出的表面活性剂型清蜡分散体系中加入不同量的三元共聚物制备出了清防蜡剂CPB。结果表明,表面活性剂复配体系的清蜡率可以达到85%,防蜡率为25.38%;通过加入8%三元共聚物于活性剂混合体系后防蜡率大幅提高,复配试剂加量为0.8%时,原油凝固点降低7℃,防蜡率大于60%。     

防冻乳状型防蜡剂YZ238的研制

为了克服油基清防蜡剂存在的有毒、易燃、密度小等缺点,解决水基清防蜡剂存在的清蜡效率低、防蜡效果差等不足,研制出具有低毒、不易燃烧、防蜡效果好的YZ238防冻乳液型防蜡剂。该防蜡剂主要由1#、2#活性剂、蜡晶改进剂和有机溶剂组成。室内实验表明：该防蜡剂在最佳的配比条件下,稳定性≥270天,凝固点≤-30℃,静态防蜡率大于70％。     

油井清蜡降黏剂的室内研究

开发研制环保、高效、多功能的油井清蜡降黏剂,是未来清防蜡剂的发展方向。在对不同性能表面活性剂及助剂对蜡的分散性、清蜡性能以及对大港油田稠油的降黏效果评价基础上,筛选出了性能好的烷基苯磺酸盐ABL、酰胺非离子表面活性剂XE 和木质素磺酸盐EM,通过正交试验优选出油井清蜡降黏剂配方组成,并对其综合性能进行了评价。结果表明,配方F6（ABL、XE）样品溶液稳定,且对蜡沉积物的分散性能好,具有较好的清蜡性能和降黏性能,对混合蜡的清蜡率和对大港油田稠油的降黏率分别达到98%和99%.     

油井清防蜡剂的研究现状及发展方向

综述了油井蜡沉积的原因和危害,清防蜡剂的国内外研究现状,分析了油基、水基、乳液型清蜡剂及高分子、表面活性剂防蜡剂的优点和存在的不足,提出了清防蜡剂未来发展方向是开发环保、高效、多功能、低选择性的产品。     

纳米石蜡乳液封堵材料的合成与性能评价

采用乳状液转换点法（EIP法）和乳化剂在油中法相结合,以Span80、Tween80为复合乳化剂,并加入乳化助剂疏水缔合羟乙基纤维素（HMHEC）制备出性能稳定的纳米石蜡乳液。其中,复合乳化剂的HLB值为10.5,浓度为11%,乳化助剂HMHEC浓度为0.6%,纳米乳化石蜡乳液平均粒径在65 nm。制备的纳米石蜡乳液稳定性良好,静置24 h的纳米石蜡乳液沉降稳定性良好,24 h的沉降率在5%左右。与常用钻井液处理剂的配伍性实验结果表明,抑制剂NH₄-HPAN和增黏剂XC会使纳米石蜡乳液粒径增大,超过100 nm;纳米石蜡乳液与其他钻井液处理剂的配伍性良好。封堵实验结果表明,纳米石蜡乳液对页岩级泥饼孔隙具有良好的封堵能力,封堵率可以达到92.59%,封堵效果优于无机纳米封堵材料氧化锌和碳酸钙。      

防蜡剂SZ－3及其性能特点

为了解决胜利桩西油田高含蜡原油开采中的严重结蜡问题，研制了ＳＺ－３防蜡剂。该剂为以ＥＶＡ甲苯溶液为内相，水为外相，含有油溶性和水溶性非离子表面活性剂和低分子醇的Ｏ／Ｗ乳状液，从油套环空投入采油井井底，防蜡效果良好。本文介绍了该剂的研制、配方、室内性能测定和现场试验简况。     

热处理对添加防蜡剂长庆原油流动性及蜡沉积特性的影响研究

基于流变性测试和蜡沉积实验研究了热处理温度对添加EVA/PAMSQ复合防蜡剂的长庆原油的流动性和蜡沉积特性的影响。研究发现加剂原油依然具有热处理效果,50℃热处理条件下加剂原油的流动性改进效果较差,随着热处理温度升高至60、70和80℃,加剂原油的流动特性(如凝点、黏度、小振幅振荡剪切特性)显著改善。80℃热处理条件下,加剂原油的凝点已低于0℃,表明热处理与EVA/PAMSQ复合防蜡剂具有良好的协同效果。同时,随着热处理温度的升高,加剂原油的蜡沉积速率逐渐降低,但蜡沉积物的含蜡量逐渐升高,这可能不利于蜡沉积物的剥离。蜡沉积物呈现出非均质结构,表层蜡沉积物为凝油状,底层蜡沉积物具有比表层蜡沉积物更高的析蜡点和屈服强度。     

热处理温度对长庆原油蜡沉积特性的影响

通过Couette蜡沉积装置及DSC热分析探究了热处理温度对长庆原油蜡沉积特性的影响,发现随着热处理温度的升高,长庆原油蜡沉积速率减缓,蜡沉积层老化速率加快;经50 ℃和60 ℃热处理的长庆原油,蜡沉积层出现了分层现象,其表层为流动性较强的凝油状蜡沉积层,底层为结构较为致密的类固态蜡沉积层;经70 ℃热处理的长庆原油,蜡沉积层极薄且致密,无分层现象,其表面无凝油状蜡沉积层。采用沥青质分散程度分析、DSC热分析及蜡晶形貌显微观察探究了其影响机理,发现随着热处理温度的升高,长庆原油沥青质分散程度增大,从而使其析蜡点降低,蜡晶团聚性增强,原油低温流动性得以改善,进而对其蜡沉积特性产生了显著影响。     

乳化蜡的研究及应用

介绍了乳化蜡的制备,讨论了乳化剂、乳化温度、搅拌速度和乳化时间对乳化蜡的性能影响。评述了乳化蜡在造纸、农业、上光剂和乳化炸药行业中的研究及应用;指出了国内乳化蜡的现状和未来发展方向。     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

Physical properties of wax deposits on the walls of crude pipelines

Wax deposits on the wall of a crude oil pipeline are a solid wax network of fine crystals, filled with oil, resin, asphaltene and other impurities. In this paper, a series of experiments on wax deposition in a laboratory flow loop were performed under different conditions （flow rate, temperature differential between crude oil and pipeline wall, and dissolved wax concentration gradient）, and the wax deposits were analyzed, so quantitative relationships among wax content, wax appearance temperature （WAT）, shear stress, and radial concentration gradient of dissolved wax at the solid/liquid interface were obtained. Finally, a model was established to predict WAT and the wax content of the deposit.     

EFFECT OF ASPHALTENE AND RESINS ON THE STABILITY OF WATER-IN-WAXY OIL EMULSIONS

ABSTRACT

Asphaltene, resins and paraffin waxes, their mutual interactions and their influence on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions have been studied. 20 wt % paraffin wax dissolved in decalin was used to model the waxy crude oil. Asphaltene and resins separated from a crude oil were used to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsions. Synthetic formation water was utilized as the aqueous phase of the emulsion. The emulsion stability increased with increasing the concentration of asphaltene with a subsequent decrease in the average particle size distribution of the emulsion. Resins alone are not capable of stabilizing the emulsion, however, in the presence of asphaltene they form very stable emulsions. Dynamic viscosity and pour point measurements provided evidence for resins-paraffin waxes interactions. Asphaltene in the form of solid aggregates form suitable nuclei for the wax crystallites to build over with a mechanism similar to that of paraffin wax crystal-modifiers. As asphaltene are polar in nature they are derived at the oil/water interface which was proved by the ability of asphaltene to reduce oil/water interfacial tension. Consequently, nucleation of the wax crystallites by asphaltene and resins at the interface will add to the thickness of the oil-water interfacial film and hence increase the stability of the emulsion.     

造纸用阳-非离子型石蜡乳液的制备

为提高非离子型石蜡乳液的覆盖性,先采用非离子型乳化剂吐温-60、司潘-60为主乳化剂乳化58#石蜡制备非离子型石蜡乳液,然后添加助乳化剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵制备阳-非离子型石蜡乳液。利用单因素法考察了配方组成、乳化时间、乳化温度和搅拌速度对乳液的粒径大小及分布、分散性和稳定性等的影响,确定了水、58#石蜡、吐温-60、司潘-60、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的最佳用量分别为乳液质量的69.8%,20.9%,6.3%,2.7%,0.3%,得到了最佳制备条件:乳化时间为20 min,乳化温度为95℃,搅拌速度为1300 r/min。该条件下制得的阳-非离子型石蜡乳液的平均粒径0.199μm、固含量31.86%等满足造纸用石蜡乳液的基本要求,可用于造纸工业。     

BRJ9604解堵剂在渤海绥中36-1油田的应用

针对渤海绥中 ３６１ 油田注水井堵塞的问题,研制了 Ｂ Ｒ Ｊ９６０４ 解堵剂,给出了其主要技术指标,介绍了该解堵剂在绥中３６１ 油田 Ａ８ 井的现场应用试验情况。试验结果表明, Ｂ Ｒ Ｊ９６０４ 可以有效地解除注水井近井地带的堵塞,使吸水指数明显增加。