植物纤维增强PS木塑复合材料的性能研究

以木纤维、竹纤维和聚苯乙烯为主要原料,加入偶联剂、润滑剂、增塑剂等加工助剂,经挤出注塑制备聚苯乙烯/木纤维复合材料。研究了植物纤维种类和添加质量分数、偶联剂KH-550添加质量分数对PS木塑复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：木纤维和偶联剂的加入都使复合材料的力学性能呈先增大后减小的趋势。当木纤维添加质量分数为25%,偶联剂KH-550添加质量为木纤维添加质量的1.5%时,复合材料具有最大的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂伸长率,分别为30.2MPa,86MPa和8.74%,缺口冲击强度随木纤维添加质量分数的增加而减小。木纤维和竹纤维填充的两种复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度相差不大。     

植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的研究

以聚丙烯（PP）、废瓦楞纸板制取的植物纤维为原料,采用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（MAH-g-PP）、铝酸酯偶联剂、铝钛偶联剂为界面相容剂,研究了植物纤维增强PP复合材料的力学性能。结果表明：未添加界面相容剂时,随着植物纤维用量的增加,复合材料冲击强度急剧下降,弯曲强度和拉伸强度上升;添加界面相容剂MAH—g—PP后。当植物纤维的质量分数为30％时,复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度均达到最大值;在MAH—g-PP、铝酸酯偶联剂、铝钛偶联剂三者中,MAH—g—PP改善植物纤维与PP之间的界面相容性效果最佳;当MAH-g-PP添加质量为植物纤维添加质量的10％时,复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度及综合性能最佳。     

原位聚合法制备连续玻璃纤维增强PCBT复合材料及其性能

采用环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)原位聚合制备了连续玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)复合材料。考察了聚合反应中催化剂用量对PCBT结晶度以及GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响。当催化剂用量为0.5%(质量分数)时, PCBT的结晶度为53%, GF/PCBT的力学性能达到最佳, 拉伸强度为522 MPa, 拉伸模量为27 GPa, 弯曲强度为481 MPa, 弯曲模量为24.8 GPa, 层间剪切强度(ILSS)为43 MPa。SEM观察表明, 发现催化剂用量为0.5%时, 树脂与纤维的结合性较好。进一步研究了淬火和退火后处理对复合材料力学性能的影响。发现复合材料退火处理后具有较好的力学性能, 其中拉伸强度为545 MPa, 弯曲强度为495 MPa。     

化学发泡剂含量对秸秆纤维/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响机理

目的 揭示发泡剂含量对微发泡注塑成型秸秆纤维/聚丙烯复合材料(SF/PP)密度及力学性能的影响规律,提供制备低密度高性能SF/PP材料的发泡剂用量工艺参考。方法 以偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)为化学发泡剂,制备了注塑发泡SF/PP,利用扫描电子显微镜、电子万能实验机和红外光谱测试等手段,分析了不同发泡剂含量下SF/PP的拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能、泡孔微观形貌和分布以及复合材料红外光谱图,通过实验对比分析了不同发泡剂含量下材料性能的变化规律。结果 当AC含量增加时,微发泡SF/PP的密度先降低后升高,冲击强度则先升高后降低,拉伸和弯曲强度为逐渐降低。当AC的质量分数为4%时,微发泡SF/PP的综合性能最佳,泡孔结构最好;微发泡(SF/PP)红外光谱图结果显示,在3 420 cm⁻¹处的—OH伸缩振动峰强度高于未发泡复合材料的,这表明秸秆纤维表面极性增大,秸秆纤维与树脂之间的结合性变差,导致微发泡SF/PP的拉伸强度低于未发泡材料的。结论 适当增加AC含量可使复合材料获得微小、致密的泡孔微观结构,降低材料密度,提升产品的力学性能;但当AC含量过多时,泡孔坍塌会使泡孔直径增大、泡孔结构变差,从而影响复合材料的力学性能。     

硼酸锌含量对稻壳/PVC复合材料理化性能的影响研究

用挤出成型法制备了不同硼酸锌含量的稻壳/PVC复合材料,考察了硼酸锌的添加量对复合材料的力学性能、防水性能和热稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,除了热稳定性以外,硼酸锌的添加量对各项性能的影响均为先增加后降低。当硼酸锌含量为1.5%(wt,质量分数)时综合性能较好,与未添加硼酸锌的复合材料相比,其拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了4.5%、39.1%、0.1%和0.2%,8d的吸水率降低了27.8%,热分解后失重率从21.1%提高到30.2%。这可能是因为适量的硼酸锌加入,可以改善PVC和稻壳粉的界面相容性,使得稻壳/PVC复合材料的综合理化性能得以提高。     

SPTW 对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究六钛酸钾晶须添加量的不同对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响。方法采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW),利用熔融共混法,将改性过的六钛酸钾晶须与聚丙烯(PP)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)熔融共混制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW复合材料。结果比较不同含量的六钛酸钾晶须对复合材料力学性能的影响,发现添加适量改性过的六钛酸钾晶须可明显改善复合材料的力学性能。随着六钛酸钾含量的不断增加,其弯曲强度也增大,当SPTW的质量分数为12%时,弯曲强度提高了21.5%,随着含量的继续增加,弯曲强度开始下降;其拉伸强度和冲击强度都呈先增加后降低的趋势,在SPTW质量分数为8.3%左右时,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了19.7%和31.8%。结论在聚丙烯中添加经硅烷偶联剂KH550改性的SPTW,其质量分数为12%时,力学性能最佳。     

茶生物质/聚丙烯复合材料的制备与性能研究

为高值化利用茶产业剩余物资源,以废弃茶生物质(Tea biomass,TB)为填料,聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)为基体,采用密炼-注塑工艺制备了TB/PP复合材料,考察了茶生物质填料种类、处理方式及其添加量对复合材料结构、形态及性能的影响。实验结果显示,以茶树枝为生物质填料制备的复合材料力学性能最佳,茶梗次之,茶叶最差;茶梗填料经水煮和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯增容处理后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸模量及弯曲模量分别提高了23.4%、9.0%、16.9%和13.9%。SEM图片显示茶梗填料与基体界面相容性提高。随茶梗填料用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲模量逐渐增大,而拉伸强度及断裂伸长率缓慢下降,吸水率增加,热性能得到改善。当TS添加量为30%(质量分数)时,复合材料的拉伸强度比PP减小7.3%,但弯曲强度、弯曲模量及拉伸模量则分别提高11%、86.1%和54.7%。浸水80h后吸水率为0.89%。     

玄武岩-碳纳米纤维增强聚合物复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

以玄武岩纤维(BF)和纳米碳纤维(CNF)为增强相制备了玄武岩纤维增强聚合物(BFRP)复合材料和玄武岩-碳纳米纤维增强聚合物(BF-CNFRP)复合材料。利用万能试验机、扫描电子显微镜研究了复合材料的拉伸、弯曲、冲击等力学性能和断口形貌。结果表明,加入0.5%(质量分数)CNF的BF-CNFRP复合材料,在拉伸实验中具有更强的拉伸强度,拉伸强度增加了约20%;在弯曲试验中具有更好的残余抗折强度和弯曲性能,当温度高于50℃时,抗弯强度提高了13%～15%;在冲击试验中表现出更好的能量吸收和变形性能,抗冲击强度提高了8%～17%。对复合材料断裂界面进行SEM观察,探讨了BFRP和BF-CNFRP复合材料界面处的作用机理,为BF-CNFRP复合材料力学性能的提高提供了理论支持。     

PBS/竹粉复合材料的力学性能研究

制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)/竹粉复合材料,考察了偶联剂种类及用量、竹粉用量对PBS/竹粉复合材料的力学性能和生物降解性能的影响。实验结果表明:KH-560偶联剂的表面处理效果优于其他偶联剂,与未用偶联剂相比,复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、热变形温度均有小幅提升,弯曲强度提高了16.3%;当KH-560的用量为5%时,复合材料的综合性能较好,拉伸强度、弯曲强度最高,与纯PBS树脂相比,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了47.2%和127%;PBS/竹粉复合材料的生物降解速率明显大于纯PBS树脂的降解速率。     

超微竹炭增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备与性能

为提高聚丙烯(PP)基复合材料的力学性能和热学性能,将不同质量分数的超微竹炭(UFBC)作为增强体引入聚丙烯,通过熔融挤出及注塑成型工艺制备UFBC/PP复合材料。利用SEM和DSC分析、力学强度和吸湿性测试等手段综合表征复合材料性能。结果表明:UFBC与PP基体间界面结合紧密;UFBC的添加对PP复合材料的力学强度有较好的增强效果:UFBC质量分数为30wt%时,UFBC/PP复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度达到较大值,分别为26MPa和54MPa,较纯PP分别提高了9%和18%,UFBC/PP复合材料的耐湿性仍保持较佳水平,吸湿率均小于0.1%;UFBC质量分数为40wt%时,熔融温度提高了3.1℃;UFBC质量分数为50wt%时,UFBC/PP复合材料的结晶温度提高了10.8℃。UFBC的添加有效促进了UFBC/PP复合材料的结晶,改善了其加工性。     

苎麻纤维复合材料医用夹板的开发及智能化

以脱胶苎麻精干麻为增强材料,以环氧树脂和聚丙烯(PP)为树脂基体,分别制备出纤维含量不同的复合材料板。经测试分析发现,纤维含量的变化导致两种基体复合材料的压缩、弯曲以及剪切强度呈现不同的变化趋势。在纤维含量相同时,苎麻/PP较苎麻/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能总体偏差,强度增量较低,纤维抽拔效果明显,断面破坏程度大,最终确定纤维含量在20%(体积分数,下同)时的苎麻/环氧树脂复合材料最适于制作医用夹板。在苎麻/环氧复合材料板上安装粘贴柱状硬块的传感器,实验证明测试结果可以达到理想的目的和要求。     

胶原蛋白/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能

为了探讨胶原蛋白（HC）和相容剂马来酸酐接枝低密度聚乙烯（LDPE-g-MAH）对聚合物材料性能产生的影响,以低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）为基体,用共混挤出的方法制备了HC/LDPE复合材料和HC/LDPE-MAH复合材料,并将复合材料注塑成不同规格样条。通过力学性能测试、SEM和热分析等表征方法研究了HC和LDPE-g-MAH含量对HC/LDPE及HC/LDPE-MAH复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明：当HC加入量为5wt%时,HC/LDPE复合材料拉伸强度达到最大值15.824 MPa;LDPE-g-MAH的加入可明显改善界面粘结性,提高材料力学性能及热稳定性,当HC含量为20wt%,LDPE-g-MAH含量为4wt%时,HC/LDPE-MAH复合材料的拉伸性能最优。     

洋麻纤维-棉纤维混纺织物/环氧树脂复合材料力学及吸湿性能

采用碱氧一浴法对洋麻纤维(KF)进行精细化处理,并制备了不同混纺质量比的精细化处理KF-棉纤维(KF-CF)混纺织物及KF-CF/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料。通过纤维强度、细度测试和FTIR、TG、SEM研究了精细化处理对KF性能的影响,通过对KF-CF/EP复合材料力学性能分析得到最佳混纺质量比,探究了最佳混纺质量比KF-CF/EP复合材料在湿热及化学环境下的吸湿性能。结果表明:精细化处理后的KF直径降低了30.66%,拉伸模量提高了31.24%,柔软度提高了13.20%,热稳定性得到提高;当KF与CF混纺质量比为40∶60时,KF-CF/EP复合材料力学性能最优,拉伸强度为101.90 MPa,弯曲强度为189.64 MPa;在湿热环境下,时间越长,温度越高,KF-CF/EP复合材料的吸水率越高,碱性环境会导致KF-CF/EP复合材料吸水率提高。      

Development of a carbonization-in-nitrogen method for measuring the fiber content of carbon fiber reinforced thermoset composites

Carbon fiber reinforced thermoset composites such as carbon fiber epoxy composites are widely used in aircraft and aerospace, and are being increasingly used in automotive applications because of their lightweight characteristics, high specific strength, and stiffness. The carbon fiber content in the composite plays a critical role in enhancing structural performance. The carbon fibers contribute to the strength and stiffness; therefore, the mechanical properties of the composite are greatly influenced by the carbon fiber content. Measurement of carbon fiber content is essential for product quality control and process optimization. In this work, a novel carbonization-in-nitrogen (CIN) method is developed to characterize the fiber content in carbon fiber thermoset composites. A carbon fiber composite sample is carbonized in a nitrogen environment at elevated temperatures, alongside a neat resin sample. The carbon fibers are protected from oxidization while the resin (the neat resin and the resin matrix in the composite sample) is carbonized under nitrogen environment. The neat resin sample is used to calibrate the resin carbonization rate and calculate the amount of the resin matrix in the composite sample. The new method has been validated on several thermoset resin systems, and found to yield accurate estimation of fiber content in carbon fiber thermoset composites.     

Influence of fiber content on the mechanical and thermal properties of Kenaf fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of fiber content on mechanical (i.e. tensile, flexural, impact, hardness and abrasion resistance) and thermal (i.e. TGA) properties of Kenaf bast fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The composite was prepared by melt-mixing method, followed by compression molding process. Different fiber loadings were prepared; namely, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% weight percent. A 30% fiber loading exhibited the best tensile strength, while modulus increased with increase of fiber content, and strain deteriorated with increase of fiber content. Flexural strength and modulus increased with increase of fiber loading. Increase of fiber loading resulted in decline in impact strength. Hardness increased by addition of 30% fiber content. Abrasion resistant decreased with increase of fiber loading. Fiber loading decreased thermal stability of the composite.     

混杂工艺对椰壳-大麻/聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

采用正交分析法,讨论混杂工艺和复合工艺对椰壳-大麻/聚丙烯（PP）复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,混杂处理后的椰壳-大麻/PP复合材料的力学性能均比相同复合工艺条件下的大麻/PP复合材料有较大程度的改善。椰壳纤维与大麻纤维质量比对混杂椰壳-大麻/PP复合材料力学性能影响最大,且混杂椰壳-大麻/PP复合材料的力学性能随椰壳纤维含量的增加而线性增大;混杂针刺毡中PP纤维质量分数对混杂椰壳-大麻/PP复合材料的抗弯强度影响较大,最初混杂椰壳-大麻/PP复合材料的抗弯强度随PP纤维质量分数的增加而减小,随后又随PP纤维质量分数的增加有一定程度的增大,而混杂椰壳-大麻/PP复合材料的抗拉强度则随PP纤维质量分数的增大而线性减小;混杂椰壳-大麻/PP复合材料的力学性能随复合层压温度的升高呈下降趋势。      

Processing and characterization of chemically modified wood sawdust reinforced (diospyros,dialium) epoxy composites

Polymer composite materials based on natural fiber such as wood had been widely used for research purposes and engineering interests. The interest in wood reinforced polymer composites had grown quickly due to their better performance in aspects of mechanical properties compared to pure wood. In this study, wood sawdust of diospyros (kayu malam) and dialium (keranji) were chosen to be incorporated into an epoxy-based polymer composite. The wood is made into sawdust, which was treated with boric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Surface treatment with these reagents was used to improve the mechanical properties of the polymer composite compared to untreated wood polymer composite. Sawdust reinforced epoxy composite that was fabricated are with different weight percentages from 0 % (no wood), 5 %, 10 %, 15 % to 20 % wt % for comparison on their tensile, flexural, and impact strength properties. Tensile, flexural, and impact tests were performed to determine the changes in mechanical properties where it was found that tensile strength had increased by 34 percent with an optimum keranji and kayu malam fiber weight of 15 wt % for both boric acid and hydrogen peroxide treatments. For flexural strength, in both wood fibers, the optimum fiber weight was found to 15 wt %, and the addition of wood had increased the strength by 57 percent. As for impact strength, it decreased as the weight of fiber increased, where it was assumed that the addition of wood might have increased the crack initiation. Adhesive bonding between hydrophilic wood sawdust and the hydrophobic epoxy polymer was the phenomenon that was focused on this research. The range of optimum weight percentage of sawdust would be determined from the experiment result.     

碳纤维增强聚醚砜的工艺、性能和断裂形貌研究

本文介绍了连续碳纤维增强聚醚砜复合材料(CF/PES)的制造工艺与性能.阐述了一种改进的连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料预浸料的制造方法,给出了CF/PES复合材料的最佳模压成型工艺条件,制得了低孔隙率、高机械性能的复合材料.最后,分析了CF/PES的断裂模式和断口形貌.     

Effect of fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of cocoa pod husk fibers reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites

In this study, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk (CPH) fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was prepared by melt compounding method using Haake Polydrive R600 internal mixer. The composites were prepared with different fiber loading: 20%, 30% and 40% (by weight), with the optimum processing parameters: 190 °C, 11 min, and 40 rpm for temperature, time and speed, respectively. Five samples were cut from the composite sheet. Mean value was taken for each composite according to ASTM standards. Effect of fiber loading on mechanical (i.e. tensile, flexural properties and impact strength) and morphological properties was studied. TPU/CPH composites showed increase in tensile strength and modulus with increase in fiber loading, while tensile strain was decreasing with increase in fiber loading. The composite also showed increase in flexural strength and modulus with increase in fiber content. Impact strength was deteriorated with increase in fiber loading. Morphology observations using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed fiber/matrix good adhesion.     

玻璃纤维含量对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

为利用玻璃纤维提高木塑复合材料的综合性能,探讨玻璃纤维含量对竹粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料性能的影响规律,首先,采用A-171硅烷偶联剂对竹粉表面进行了改性,并加入了一定量的玻璃纤维;然后,采用热压成型工艺制备了玻璃纤维-竹粉/HDPE复合材料;最后,考察了玻璃纤维含量对复合材料力学性能、热学性能及摩擦学性能的影响,并利用SEM观察材料的断面和磨损表面形貌。结果表明:当玻璃纤维含量为3wt%时,能显著提高竹粉/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,与未添加玻璃纤维的复合材料相比,添加玻璃纤维后复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了19.41%和23.54%;在30~60℃温度范围内,复合材料长度-宽度方向上的线膨胀系数随着玻璃纤维含量的增加而明显减小,而同一复合材料的线膨胀系数随温度的升高而逐步增大;在氮气气氛下,随玻璃纤维含量的增加,竹粉/HDPE复合材料的摩擦系数先逐渐增大,而后基本保持不变,磨损率逐渐减小。所得结论显示玻璃纤维含量为3wt%~7wt%的木塑产品适用于建筑横梁(如凉亭或桥梁等),而玻璃纤维含量为7wt%~10wt%的木塑产品适用于高人流量场所(如公园或休闲绿道等)的地面铺装。