水解酸化-气浮-SBR工艺处理亚麻废水

亚麻废水是一种较难降解的有机废水 ,用单一的好氧生物法处理效果不好。采用水解酸化 气浮 SBR工艺处理亚麻废水 ,设计处理能力 10 0 0m3/d ,设计废水水质为 :COD 80 0～ 10 0 0mg/L ,BOD 4 0 0～ 5 0 0mg/L ,SS 2 0 0～ 30 0mg/L ,pH 7。在保证酸化水解调节池正常运行的条件下 ,COD去除率可达 2 5 %以上 ,再经气浮及SBR处理 ,COD去除率可达 85 % ,出水水质达标     

医药研究实验室废水处理工程设计

采用水解酸化 生物接触氧化 砂滤工艺处理医药研究实验室废水。处理水量为 15 0m3 /d ,其COD ,BOD ,NH3 -N的平均去除率分别为 89% ,93% ,90 % ,出水水质通过环保局验收。     

混凝-两相厌氧-缺氧-好氧工艺处理腈纶废水的研究

结合现腈纶废水处理工艺应用中的问题 ,提出了混凝 两相厌氧 缺氧 好氧处理腈纶废水的工艺流程 ,该流程COD去除率 78%～ 82 % ,BOD去除率 95%～ 98% ,总氮去除率 60 %～ 65% ,EDTA去除率 75%～ 85% ,最终出水COD 2 2 0～ 2 60mg/L ,BOD小于 15mg/L ,EDTA小于 2 5mg/L ,NH3-N ,S2 - 未检出     

微电解-芬顿-ABR-两级好氧-混凝处理有机硅生产废水

采用铁碳微电解-芬顿-ABR-两级好氧-混凝工艺处理有机硅生产废水,通过对主体工艺的选择,关键流程和参数的选定,并就稳定运行效果进行阐述。经该工艺处理后,最终出水COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N的去除率分别达到98%、73.1%、76.6%、64%,出水水质分别为304 mg/L、188mg/L、211mg/L、36mg/L,出水水质优于《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)表4中三级标准,满足污水处理厂对纳管废水的水质要求,且该流程的运行费为2.99元/m3水。     

生物曝气滤池处理生活污水工艺特性研究

以小试规模研究了生物曝气滤池处理生活污水时对COD ,NH3-N的去除 ,在最佳工艺条件 (HRT =1 5 9h ,气水比 =7∶1)下 ,NH3-N的平均去除率为 74 2 % ,出水NH3-N≤ 15mg/L ,COD≤ 6 0mg/L ,BOD≤ 2 0mg/L ,SS≤ 2 0mg/L。探讨了COD负荷、NH3-N负荷、反冲洗和气水比对生物曝气滤池运行效果的影响     

混凝-生化法处理表面活性剂废水

介绍了混凝 水解酸化 生物接触氧化工艺在处理表面活性剂废水中的应用 ,在进水平均COD为 10 56mg/L ,LAS为 56 6mg/L时 ,出水平均值分别为 95 4mg/L和 3 74mg/L ,平均去除率分别为 91 0 %和 93 4 %。     

电凝聚对厨房废水处理的试验研究

采用电凝聚对厨房废水进行处理。通过改变电流密度、电解时间、沉淀时间等条件 ,进行了对废水中的COD ,浊度 ,NH3-N ,油 ,TP去除率的试验研究。当COD为 2 2 6 4mg/L ,油 15 5 4mg/L ,浊度 330 3NTU ,NH3-N 4 5mg/L ,TP 2 1 36mg/L时 ,在电流密度 2 0A/m2 ,沉淀时间 15min ,电解时间 10min的条件下 ,COD和氨氮去除率接近 70 % ,油的去除率达 90 %以上 ;对TP和浊度也有较好的去除效果     

氯硝柳胺生产废水处理工程实践

论述了络合萃取 -铁碳还原 -中和沉淀 -厌氧水解 -接触氧化 -过滤工艺处理氯硝柳胺生产废水的工艺流程、工艺参数和处理效果。处理设施运行监测结果表明 ,出水水质达到GB8978- 96中的一级排放标准。废水COD去除率平均为 98% ,BOD去除率平均为 95 % ,TP去除率平均为 99 6 % ,NH3-N去除率平均为 86 %。     

能源重化工基地废水处理及回用研究

某能源重化工基地污水处理厂采用水解酸化-AO-混凝沉淀-超滤-反渗透的主体工艺处理废水,深度处理后的出水作为再生水回用于生产及绿化。工程运行结果表明:SS、NH3-N、COD的平均去除率分别为97.4%、91.3%、94.6%,出水水质达到《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质》(GB/T 19923—2005)与《城市污水再生利用城市杂用用水水质》(GB/T 18920-2002)2个标准要求,直接运行成本为2.02元/m3。     

水解酸化—SBR工艺处理固体制剂和化学合成制药废水

采用水解酸化—SBR工艺处理固体制剂和化学合成制药废水,经过一年多的启动调试,系统稳定运行后出水CODCr、BOD5、SS、NH3—N分别为54.8mg/L、14mg/L、9.5mg/L和1.69mg/L,均达到《混装制剂类制药工业污染物排放标准》(GB 21908—2008),出水水质稳定,处理效果良好。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients

Cyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anova s demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L^?1 PO₄. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro? water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

簸箕李引黄灌区水沙分布及优化调度的经验

灌区利用水沙观测所取得的资料和试验数据，运用水沙运动力学理论，总结分析和揭示了灌区水沙分布的规律和特点。在此基础上，结合灌区的实际运行情况，围绕减少骨干渠道的淤积进行探讨、研究，进而，优化水沙调度方案。该方案实施后，骨干渠道减旅伴效果明显，取得了成功的经验。     

小湾水库大坝防渗面板及其裂缝的加固处理

小湾水库大坝防渗面板整体抗渗性能差,且存在多条裂缝,通过对面板钢丝网喷涂丙乳砂浆加固处理及其裂缝修补,大坝渗漏量明显减少,且左岸上灌浆廊道内及大坝下游坝面92～93 m高程下廊道入口处原有小股射流全部消失.